Italy 1200 to 1400 (2)

Quattrocento Italian Art

Early Renaissance Theme

PMA- Perspective- Modeling- Anatomy

“Positive Mental Attitude”P=AM^2

What was happening during the quattrocento?

• Humanism flourished!• Gutenberg’s printing press• Wealth & Power

– Condottieri (military leaders) – Princely Courts– The Medici Family

The Baptistery door competition of 1401

-Originally 7 finalists, only 2 panels survive-Between Brunelleschi & Ghiberti

Filippo Brunelleschi

Sacrifice of Isaac

1401-1402gilded bronze relief1 ft. 9 in. x 1 ft. 5 in.

Lorenzi Ghiberti

Sacrifice of Isaac

1401-1402gilded bronze relief1 ft. 9 in. x 1 ft. 5 in.

Or San Michele, Florence, Italy

Guilds commission sculptures for niches

Nanni di Banco

Quattro Santo Coronati

Or San Michele, Florence, Italy

ca. 1408-1414marblefigure approximately life-size

Donatello

Saint Mark

Or San Michele, Florence, Italy

1411-1413marblefigure 7 ft. 9 in. high

Donatello

Saint George

Or San Michele, Florence, Italy

1411-1413marblefigure 6 ft. 10 in. high

Donatello

Feast of Herod

Baptistery, Siena Cathedral

ca. 1425gilded bronze relief1 ft. 11 in. x 1 ft. 11 in.

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Gates of Paradise

Baptistery, Florence Cathedral

1425-1452gilded bronze reliefapproximately 17 ft. high

Perspective - constructing convincing illusion of space in 2D imagery

Linear perspectiveAtmospheric perspective

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Gates of Paradise

Isaac and His Sons

Baptistery, Florence Cathedral

1425-1452gilded bronze reliefpanel approximately 2 ft. 7 1/2 in. x 2 ft. 7 1/2 in.

Lorenzo Ghiberti

Isaac and His Sons

Baptistery, Florence Cathedral

1425-1452gilded bronze relief

Donatello

David

ca. 1428-1432bronze5 ft. 2 1/4 in. high

Symbol of Florence

First fully nude male freestanding sculpture since antiquity

Andrea del Verrocchio

David

ca. 1465-1470bronzeapproximately 4 ft. 1 1/2 in. high

Antonio Pollaiuolo

Hercules and Anteus

ca. 1475bronzeapproximately 18 in. high

Donatello

Gattamelata (Erasmo da Narni)

Piazza del Santo, Padua, Italy

ca. 1445-1450bronze approximately 11 x 13 ft.

Condottieres (military leaders)

Andrea del Verrocchio

Bartolommeo Colleoni

Campo dei Santi, Venice Italy

ca. 1483-1488bronzeapproximately 13 ft. high

Gentile da Fabriano

Adoration of the Magi Altarpiece

from Santa Trinita, Florence, Italy

1423tempera on woodapproximately 9 ft. 11 in. x 9 ft. 3 in.

FLORENTINE PAINTING

Masaccio

Tribute Money

Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy

ca. 1427fresco8 ft. 1 in. x 19 ft. 7 in.

Masaccio

Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden

Brancacci Chapel, Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, Italy

ca. 1425fresco7 ft. x 2 ft. 11 in.

Masaccio

Holy Trinity

Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy

ca. 1428fresco21 ft. x 10 ft. 5 in.

One-point perspective

Masaccio

Holy Trinity

Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy

ca. 1428fresco21 ft. x 10 ft. 5 in.

Pyramidal composition

“I was once what you are, and what I am you will become”

Fra Angelico

Annunciation

San Marco, Florence, Italy

ca. 1440-1445fresco7 ft. 1 in. x 10 ft. 6 in.

Andrea del Castagno

Last Supper

Refectory monastery of Sant’Apollonia, Florence, Italy

1447frescoapproximately 15 x 32 ft.

Fra Filippo Lippi

Madonna and Child with Angels

ca. 1455tempera on woodapproximately 3 ft. x 2 ft. 1 in.

Fra Filippo Lippi, the Florentine bad boy

Domenico Ghirlandaio

Birth of the Virgin

Santa Maria Novella, Florence, Italy

1485-1490fresco

Religious + secular imagery

Domenico Ghirlandaio

Giovanna Tornabuoni

1448oil and tempera on woodapproximately 2 ft. 6 in. x 1 ft. 8 in.

Paolo Uccello

Battle of San Romano

ca. 1455tempera on woodapproximately 6 ft. x 10 ft. 5 in.

Gentile’s “Adoration of the Magi”

Sandro Botticelli

Primavera

ca. 1482tempera on canvas5 ft. 8 in. x 9 ft. 1 in.

Sandro Botticelli

The Birth of Venus

ca. 1482tempera on canvas5 ft. 8 in. x 9 ft. 1 in.

Medici patronage reflects their sincere love of art and wide and eclectic tastes

Antonio Pollaiuolo

Battle of the Ten Nudes

ca. 1465engravingapproximately 15 x 23 in.

écorché

Filippo Brunelleschi

dome of Florence Cathedral

Florence, Italy

1420-1436 **Roman influence!

Innovations: -Double shell-Ribs-Heavy lantern

Filippo Brunelleschi

interior of Santo Spirito

Florence, Italy

begun ca. 1436

Filippo Brunelleschi

plan of Santo Spirito

Florence, Italy

begun ca. 1436 planned constructed

Filippo Brunelleschi

interior of Santo Spirito

Florence, Italy

begun ca. 1436

Filippo Brunelleschi

Pazzi, Chapel, Santa Croce

Florence, Italy

begun ca. 1440

Filippo Brunelleschi (loggia by Giuliano da Maiano)

Pazzi, Chapel, Santa Croce

Florence, Italy

begun ca. 1440

Filippo Brunelleschi

Pazzi, Chapel, Santa Croce

Florence, Italy

begun ca. 1440

Family endowed chapels

“pietra serena”

Michelozzo di Bartolommeo

Palazzo Medici-Riccardi

Florence, Italy

begun 1444

Cornice

Stringcourses

Dressed

masonry

Rustication

Why didn’t Brunellechi design the Medici Palace?

Michelozzo di Bartolommeo

Palazzo Medici-Riccardi

Florence, Italy

begun 1444

Leon Battista Alberti

•First Renaissance architect to understand Roman Architecture in depth

•Advocated a system of ideal proportions • central plan as ideal form for Christian

churches• an arch should be supported by a

section of wall (a pier) and not by a column

• Disposed of medieval arcade used for centuries

•Applied classical elements to contemporary buildings

Leon Battista Alberti

Palazzo Rucellai

Florence, Italy

ca. 1452-1470

Leon Battista Alberti

West façade of Santa Maria Novella

Florence, Italy

ca. 1458-1470

San Miniato

Perugino

Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Saint Peter

Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome, Italy

1481-1483fresco11 ft. 5 1/2 in. x 18 ft. 8 1/2 in.

Luca Signorelli

Damned Cast into Hell

San Brizio Chapel, Orvietto Cathedral, Orvietto, Italy

1499-1504frescoapproximately 23 ft. wide

Savonarola – Burn the vanities! Exile the Medici!

Piero della Francesca

Enthroned Madonna and Saints Adored by Federico de Montefeltro

ca. 1472-1474oil on panel8 ft. 2 in. x 5 ft. 7 in.

“Sacra conversazione”

Piero della Francesca

Flagellation of Christ

ca. 1455-65

oil on panel1’11” x 2’8”

Leon Battista Alberti

façade of Sant’Andrea

Mantua, Italy

designed ca. 1470

How does Alberti combine classical elements to fit a Christian purpose?

+

Sant’Andrea, interior

Andrea Mantegna

Camera degli Sposi

Palazzo Ducale, Mantua, Italy

1474fresco

Andrea Mantegna

Camera degli Sposi ceiling

Palazzo Ducale, Mantua, Italy

1474fresco8 ft. 9 in. diameter

Andrea Mantegna

Dead Christ

ca. 1501tempera on canvas2 ft. 2 3/4 in. x 2 ft. 7 7/8 in.

Sandro Botticelli

Portrait of a Youth

early 1480stempera on panel16 x 12 in.

Domenico Ghirlandaio

A Man with His Grandchild

ca. 1480-90oil and tempera on wood24 3/8 in. x 18 1/8 in.