Jacksonian Democracy clip. The “Iron Horse” wins 13 Miles of Track built 1830 13 Miles of...

Jacksonian Democracy clip

The “Iron Horse” wins

• 1830 13 Miles of Track built

• 1850 9000 Miles of track

• 1860 31,000 Miles

The Railroad Revolution

• Immigrants built northern railroad

• Slaves built southern railroads

What can you conclude

about inland freight

(shipping domestically) based on the

chart?

American Ingenuity

• 1800 41 patents approved

– 1807 Eli Whitney• Cotton Gin

– Credit incorrectly given to Whitney, likely a slave inveted it

• Interchangeable Rifle Parts

• 1860 4,357 Patents were approved

John Deere and the Steel Plow (1837)

Cyrus McCormick: The Mechanical Reaper

• 1831

Samuel Morse- Telegraph(Texting- before Snapchat)

• 1840

Howe and SingerSewing Machine

1840s

Newspaper Growth

US Population Density

1810 1820

Western Population Growth

Where are the Federalists, now?

Evolution of Major Political PartiesTime Hamilton Jeffersonians

1792 Federalists Democratic-Republicans

1820 One partyEra of Good Feelings

1825 National Republicans

Jacksonian Democrats

1834 Whigs Democrats

1854 Republicans

Political Parties of the early 19th Century

Extension of Voting Rights

• Compare with your chart

Rise of Democratic Politics

• Read• Annotate• Summarize Document in your Notes

The Election of 1824“The Corrupt Bargain”

Andrew JacksonHenry Clay

John Quincy Adams

John C. Calhoun

“Killing 2500 British Soldiers does not qualify one for the highest office in the land” Clay

Exportation & Protest

“Tariff of Abomination”

Candidate Popular Vote

Electoral Vote

Andrew JacksonWar Hero & “Common Man”

43% 99

J.Q. AdamsSecretary of State

31% 32

William CrawfordSecretary of the Treasury

13% 41

Henry Clay Speaker of the House

13% 37

The Election of 1824“The Corrupt Bargain”

Election of 1824 – The Corrupt

Bargain• Four candidates:

– Crawford – Jackson– Clay – Adams

• No majority in Electoral College

• John Q. Adams wins in House of Representatives

• Clay appointed Secretary of State

Jackson’s “Style”- Old Hickory- Favored “Commanding” not compromising- Pro-Slavery BUT keep it a “non-issue”

- Jackson is Anti-Abolitionist – keep them from spreading their ideas

- Despised Indians - A partisan Democrat - “Common Man” theme but…?

“to the victor belong the spoils of the enemy”

Jacksonian Democracy

“The Common Man”

Rachel Jackson

John Eaton

Peggy Eaton

Kitchen Cabinet

“King Andrew”

• Spoils System

– “To the Victors go the spoils”

• 20% of federal positions went to “loyal” Democrats

First Seminole War

• Jackson invaded Spanish Florida in 1818– tried and executed two British

subjects• Calhoun condemned Jackson

– saying that Jackson was not ordered to invade

– suggested disciplinary action• Jackson was not aware until 1831 –

while Calhoun was his Vice President

Nullification Crisis 1832 – 1833

• Tariff of 1832• Election of 1832• Force Bill (Jackson)• Compromise Tariff

(Clay)

Nullification Crisis-Tariff of Abominations

• Tariff was passed in 1816 to protect industry

• It was as high as 33% which meant goods were expensive for people

• 1828 the tariff was again approved for a 50% rate

Nullification

• 1832—tariff passed, South Carolina nullified

• Jackson threatened to send army

• Nullification foreshadowed state sovereignty positions of the South in slavery debates

Webster – Hayne Debate

• Nationalism and Union - Daniel Webster, Massachusetts

• States Rights and Nullification – Robert Hayne, south Carolina

States Rights and Nullification

• Hayne – “The Tariff is unconstitutional and MUST be repealed.”

• Calhoun had written – “ The rights of the South have been destroyed, and must be restored…The Union is in danger and must be saved.”

Nationalism and Union

• Webster – “I go for the Constitution as it is, and for the Union, as it is. It is Sir, the people’s Constitution, the people’s government, made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people.”

• “...Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and Inseperable!”

• Jackson – “Our union, it must be preserved.”

• Calhoun – “The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.”

• Newspaper Quote for Jackson – “ Our federal Union; It must and shall be preserved.”

Debate Continues- At a Jefferson Day Dinner, Jackson and Calhoun make a toast…(with a drink NOT with bread )

The Bank War

• “the bank is trying to kill me, but I will kill it.”

• Biddle - president of second bank

• Debate over renewal of National bank’s charter 1832 - 1836

• Biddle accused of corruption by Democrats

Bank War clip

Bank war• Jackson against bank – Vetoed

charter saying “…such a concentration of power in the hands of a few men, irresponsible to the people”

• After re-elected, Jackson effectively destroyed the bank – all federal $ are removed making it essentially a private bank

• The 2nd Bank of the U.S. is effectively - out of business by 1841 – becomes the basis of the Bank of America

Bank War and 2 Party System

• “The Bank War” a symbolic defense of Jacksonian concept of democracy

• Led to two important results– Formation of opposition party to Jackson— the

Whigs– Economic disruption

Jackson and the Hydra-Headed Monster

The Bank Veto and the Election of 1832

Jackson vaguely threatened bank in first term

Nicholas Biddle sought new charter four years early in 1832

Congress passed, but Jackson vetoed

Assassination attempt• First attempt on a

president’s life in us. History

• Richard Lawrence– Unemployed English

house paint• Attempted to shoot

Jackson outside capital building

• Two pistols - both misfired

• Jackson beat him with his cane while he was restrained by DavY Crockett

Killing the Bank• Jackson destroyed bank by

removing federal deposits

• Funds transferred to state (“pet”) banks

• Biddle used his powers to cause recession, attempted to blame Jackson

• Destruction of bank provoked fears of dictatorship, cost Jackson support in Congress

The Cherokee"Trail of Tears"

1838-1839Indian Removal clip

American Views on Indians

• Treaty of 1791 created the Cherokee Nation – 17,000 in NW Georgia

• Jefferson –hoped to convince the indians to abandon their “Savage ways”

• Georgia argued “the cherokee are ‘holding back civilization’ from the georgia government

• 1817 as an agent for the war dept., Jackson coerced a treaty from the cherokee to move to nw georgia

Cherokee Nation – 334 Million Acres of land – farmers with high level of literacy, had “assimilated” to be americans…but?

Federal Formal Indian Removal• Jackson agreed that federal

government had not removed Indians quickly enough

• Jackson got federal government approval for state removal initiatives with Indian Removal Act of 1830

• John Marshall- and sovereignty

Indian removal act of 1830

• Authorized the u.s. government to remove all eastern tribes(nations) by force if necessary – the seminoles take up arms (1835-1842) wars cost the U.S. $40-60 million(in 1830 $)

John Marshall’s Court Decision

• Cherokee Nation v Georgia 1831-in response to the Removal act

• Cherokee are a “Domestic Independent Nation” and are wards of the U.S. Government – The Indians had NO RIGHT to sue in U.S. Courts – would need an AMERICAN to file

John Marshall’s Court Decision

• Worcester v Georgia 1832 –

• Worcester was an american and had been removed from the cherokee lands by georgia

• Court ruled - georgia had neither the right to remove American Nor the indians – the treaties with are CONTRACTS -

Indian removal

• “Five civilized tribes”• Sequoya• Cherokee, Seminole,

Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw

• “Trail of tears”• Oklahoma• “Indian Reservation”

“John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it” Andrew Jackson or at least it is attributed to him…

Trail (S) of Tears

The Emergence of the Whigs

• Whig party a coalition of forces, first united in agreement about Jackson

• Democrats opposed government regulation of morality

Martin Van Buren

• Vice President 1833 – 1837• Elected President 1836• Established independent

Treasury • Faced Panic of 1837

1836 Election and Martin Van Buren

• Martin Van Buren Jackson’s handpicked successor

• Term began with Panic of 1837

2 Party System

• Election of 1840 permanent two-party system in the U.S.– Whigs supported a “positive liberal state”: government

should support and protect industries that help economic growth

– Democrats supported “negative liberal state”: government should not interfere in economy