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Jordan’s experience in IWRM and the need for
regional platforms to raise public awareness
and water knowledge
\By Dr Hazim El-Naser
Jordan’s experience in IWRM and the need for regional platforms to raise
public awareness and water knowledge
SWF 19 - Page 2
Introduction• Jordan is a very scarce water country, the 2nd water poorest country worldwide. • Per capita water availability is less than 100m3/yr for all uses.• 92% of Country’s area is desert receiving annually less than 50mm of rain • 30% of the population are refugees.• Population growth rate is relatively high about 2.5%• Slow economic growth since 2009 around 2%• The increasing cost of water supply has added a large burden to the Kingdom's fiscal budget in terms of new capital expenditures
• The gap between current tariff and full cost recovery is too big to be bridged by tariff increase alone
• Groundwater over-pumping 100% beyond safe yield
• Significant reductions in surface flows due to groundwater over-pumping and climate change
• Demand exceed supply by 50% at least for the last 20 years
• 50% of Non-Revenue Water due to network losses and illegal uses
• Public expenditure on the water sector has ranged between 2% and 4% of GDP,
within the range of 1-5% of GDP in the Middle East and North Africa region (World Bank, 2010).
• Shared water basins with neighboring countries are politically and technically complicated,
where 40 percent of Jordan's water resources is shared
Zatar Syrian Refugees Camp
How Jordan Responded under the principles of IWRM• - Enabling Environment
• - Institutional Arrangements
• - Management Instruments
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – POLICIES
SWF 19 - Page 4
Sectoral Objectives:
1. Development of existing water resources and bring in new water
resources.
2. Provide water for domestic, agricultural, industrial and tourism quantities
and at affordable prices
3. Improve the level of sanitation services
Interim goals:
1.Development of existing water sources and the search for new water sources
2.To increase the storage capacity of the dams
3.Exploitation of treated water in a social, environmental and economic benefit
activities is high
4.Improve supply efficiency and distribution system of water for domestic,
industrial, commercial and agricultural systems and subscribers systems
5.Expansion of sanitation services
6.Improve operation efficiency , water supply and improve energy efficiency in
the water sector
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – POLICIES
SWF 19 - Page 5
Water Strategy (2016) Policies (2016) Action Plans (2016)
National Strategy Water
(2016 - 2025)
The National Strategy for
Water preparation (2016 -
2025), taking into account the
lessons learned from the
Water Strategy in Jordan
(2008 - 2022) and the water
strategy in Jordan and
policies in 1997
Energy Efficiency
and Renewable
Energy
Capital Investment
Plan (2016-2025)
Surface water
utilization
Executive Program
(2016 -2018)
Water
Reallocation
Water Sector Losses
Reduction Plan(2013)
Groundwater
sustainability
Water Sector
Capacity building
(2016)
Management of
Decentralized
WWTP
Jordan Response
Plan (JRP)
Climate Change
policy for A
Resilient Water
Sector
National Plan for
operational and
maintenance
WWTP`s
Water
substitution
Communication and
Media Plan
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
. Primary Legislation / Main
ObjectiveSpecific Targets Measures to attain targets
Water Authority Law
18/1988
&
Amendments
Survey and conserve water
resources
Developing water resources in the
Kingdom for household and
municipality purposes
Licensing of private wells, drilling
machines, and drillers
Conserve water and water basins
and.
All water resources within the boundaries of
the kingdom shall be deemed a state owned
property (Art 25).
Collect data and information related to water
needs of the Kingdom (Art 23).
Water shall not be sold, granted, or
transported without prior consent(Art 25).
Penalties were modified and tighten for those
who violate water law (Art 30)
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – LEGAL FRAMEWORKS
.
Primary Legislation / Main
ObjectiveSpecific Targets Measures to attain targets
By-law No. 85/2002
Underground water
Control over-drafting of groundwater
and illegal well drilling
Provide for substantive penalties for
illegal use
Motivate farmers to use brackish
groundwater in irrigation.
In case of water pollution or over-abstraction
the Water Authority has the duty to stop the
source of pollution or over-pumping (Art 16).
The distance between wells cannot be less
than 1,000m (Art 25).
A maximum amount of withdrawals is set for
each well (Art 29).
A tariff is set in the regulation for water
abstracted over and above the permitted
annual abstraction rate.
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT – INVESTMENT AND FINANCING STRUCTURES
SWF 19 - Page 8
Cost
(million JD)
Program
2,567.9• Develop new water resources (RSDSP phase I and phase II,
dams, deep-water)
740.5
523
300
50
• Efficiency enhancement for water supply and distribution
for domestic, industrial and commercial systems projects
(transmissions between governorates, water networks
rehabilitation, reduce water losses and rehabilitation of
pumping stations)
• Jordan Response Plan for Syria Crisis (Water Sector 2016-
2018)
• Energy Efficiency Program and Renewable energy
• Strengthening the sector institutions and good governance
137.1• Irrigation systems efficiency and restructuring of irrigation
networks projects
1,406.2• Sewage networks program projects
496.4• Construction and upgrade Wastewater Treatment plants
60
5400
• Wadi araba integrated development master plan
Total (Capital Investment Program Projects )
Institutional Arrangements – Centralization of Water Allocation
Institutions Geographical level/Nature Mandate
Ministry of Water and
IrrigationNational
To develop strategies, policies and plans for
the water sector.
Water allocations among sectors
Operates through the Water Authority of
Jordan and the Jordan Valley Authority.
Water Authority of
Jordan
Jordan Rift Valley (north and south of
the Dead Sea)
To plan, design, construct, operate and maintain
irrigation projects, dams and hydroelectric power
stations in the Valley.
Jordan Valley
Authority
Jordan Valley
The area 300m above sea level in the
north and 500 m above sea level in
the south
The development of water resources of the
Jordan Valley and their utilization for purposes of
irrigated agriculture, domestic and municipal
uses, industry, hydropower generation and other
SWF 19 - Page 10
Public Sector Water Utilities
WAJ owns three water companies providing
water and sanitation for North, Middle and
South Jordan. Although the companies are state
owned but work under companies law and have
all the management flexibility of the private
sector.
Institutional Arrangements – Water supply and Sanitation services
SWF 19 - Page 11
Training
Both on job training domestic and abroad training
considered to be essential element for better
management of Jordan’s scarce water resources .
WAJ center for technicians training trains every year in
cooperation with international organizations hundreds
of employees.
Institutional Arrangements – Capacity Building
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –PLANNING
SWF 19 - Page 12
Water Resources Development
A permanent water deficit with a rationing program for all sectors all over the year requires detailed long term projections of demand and supply and timing of projects.
For that goal state of the art master planning and modules are needed.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Jordan’s Water Demand and Supply
Demand (Base) Supply (Base) Deficit Base)
AL3482 : CORRIDOR 11
AMMAN-ZARQA BASIN
PGE: 292678 PGN : 174092 ALT : 670 m TD: 323 m Aquifer:Basalt Type: Recorder
-156
-155
-154
-153
-152
-151
-150
-149
-148
-147
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Date
SW
L (
m)
0.43
0.54
0.49
0.59
0.75
-1.70
-1.48
-1.18
-1.45
-1.89
GW
Monito
ring w
ell
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –PLANNING
SWF 19 - Page 13
National Water Master PlanThe major component of an aggressive
strategic planning program to better manage the
water resources in the future is the National
Water Master Plan.
To determine the most appropriate and wisest
use of limited water resources. Sound water
resources planning and management
practices at the national level
It is a tool that will be used to continuously
assess Jordan`s water supply and demand
projections and to assist in evaluating reasonable options and strategies.
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –PLANNING
SWF 19 - Page 14
GIS Implements and utilizes Geographical Information
Systems and other Geo-Information technologies for
the management, update, analysis, and output of
geographically referenced information
Developing GIS know-how within PMU, WAJ, and
the Water Sector
Maintaining a comprehensive GIS Database of
spatial information
Supporting PMU Directorates with GIS-derived
products and services
.
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –EFFECIENCY
SWF 19 - Page 15
WUE in Domestic
water supply and
delivery
Maximize the efficiency
of the distribution
network: Reduction of
water losses:Non Revenue Water
initiatives to reduce
technical and administrative
losses
Rehabilitation of the
networks
.
Rehabilitation of networksChanging mechanical / classic water meters
to smart water meters: water losses
decreased from 49 to 23%
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –EFFECIENCY
SWF 19 - Page 16
WUE in Domestic
water supply and
delivery
Changing of Water MainsEnergy efficient pumping stationsPrompt Maintenance
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT
SWF 19 - Page 17
Water Tariff
Water tariff in Jordan is being used as a demand
management tool. By applying a block tariff system,
the large consumers pays about 80% of the water
revenues while protecting the poor. Currently water
tariff revenues cover O&M costs only. Average cost
per m3 is about 3.7 US $. Average tariff revenue per
m3is about 1.9 US $. Due to its scarcity development
of water resources is a very expensive business.
MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENTS –SOCIAL CHANGE
SWF 19 - Page 18
Demand Management and Public Awareness
1-Introduction and promotion of the
concept of water demand
management through media
campaigns
2- Promotion of water saving
technology and water saving
devices
3- Introducing new water laws and
regulations aimed at conserving
water
4- Introduction of Water Demand
Management cocepts in school
Why a Middle East Water Forum (MEWF) ?
SWF 19 - Page 19
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
The Middle East Water Challenges
SWF 19 - Page 20
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
The World Economic Forum asked experts and
leaders in the region: “For which global risks
is your region least prepared?” The majority of
respondents identified water crisis as the
greatest threat to the region-greater even than
political instability or unemployment (World
Economic Forum, 2015)
Elements of ME Water Crisis
SWF 19 - Page 21
•Limited Water Resources as the ME is the driest region on earth where 90% of its area with arid-semiarid
climate resulting the 12 of the world’s most scarce countries
•Population growth exceeds water resources development
• Political instability and regional conflicts
•Extremely rich and extremely poor countries
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
Elements of the ME Water Crisis
SWF 19 - Page 22
•High population growth (>3%) and modest economic growth rates (<2%)
Population growth exceeds water resources development
•Transboundary water dispute on surface and groundwater basins
•The region most precious groundwater resources are drying up
•Climate change impacts
•Poor Water Governance
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
Source: ESCWA-BGR, 2013
Source: IHP-VI, IHP Non Serial Publications in Hydrology UNESCO, Paris
Consequences
SWF 19 - Page 23
• Water scarcity affecting regional security and stability with possible conflict between
countries due to disagreement over shared water resources
• Hundreds of millions lacking access to water and sanitation
• Threatening the food security of millions of people
• Leaky or poorly functioning distribution systems
• Insufficient, unreliable, or expensive supplies
• Economies are at risk due to water scarcity
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
Response to Water Challenge
SWF 19 - Page 24
• Demand Management, water conservation and increase tariff
• Increase supply mainly through desalination
• Wastewater reuse
• Water harvesting
• Better water management and water allocation
• Improved irrigated agriculture policies
• Efficient utilization of water resources through new technologies,
private sector participation and proper pricing mechanisms is essential
for sustainable use of resources and good services to the consumers
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
Our Approach
The Middle East Water Forum (MEWF)
SWF 19 - Page 25
Vision
Towards regional water security for the Middle Eastern Countries through technology transfer, technical
dialogue, leadership, and public awareness.
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
Our Approach
The Middle East Water Forum (MEWF)
SWF 19 - Page 26
Mission
Due to its regional dimension, water problems can't be solved alone on the national level. Therefore, there
is an urgent need for tools that could boost regional cooperation and exchange of experience among the
Middle Eastern Countries. The Forum will act as a hub for countries, utilities, companies, and experts to
work together towards an innovative solution for water resource management, enhancement of services as
well as long-term planning for sustainable water and sanitation projects.
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
MEWF’S Areas of Focus
SWF 19 - Page 27
To work towards water security in the Middle East, MEWF focuses on some of the major elements of water
security:
• Manage water resources under IWRM principles
• Enhancing Delivery of water services,
• Transfer of Technology and knowledge
• Raising Public awareness
• Promotion of Regional cooperation and integration
• Development of leadership in water agencies and
utilities, through enhancing knowledge and E-training
• Exchange of experience, information and data
• Promote relevant research and studies by academia
and international organizations
• Contribute to the implementation of the 17 Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)
.
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
MEWF Platform Layout-English
SWF 19 - Page 28
.
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
MEWF Platform Layout-Arabic
SWF 19 - Page 29
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
Our Approach
The Middle East Water Forum (MEWF)
SWF 19 - Page 30
To realize our mission, MEWF invites international
organizations, regional agencies, research institutes,
experts and private sector to contribute with their
experience, studies, technology, articles
and research to enrich MEWF information hub to
help in realizing successfully our objectives and
areas of focus
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
Our Approach
The Middle East Water Forum (MEWF)
SWF 19 - Page 31
Chairman: Dr Hazim El-Naser
Arar St. 20
P.O. Box. 414, Al Fuheis
19152 Jordan
M: +962 79 5519302
E-mail: Hazim.Elnaser@mewf.de
E-mail: Hazim.Elnaser@yahoo.com
Online Platform: www.mewf.de
G II - German Innovation Institution GmbH
GSG-Standort Helmholtzstr
Helmholtzstrasse 2-9
10587 Berlin - GermanyT: +49 30 5490 9202
F: +49 30 5490 9203
M:+49 1520 4222228
E-mail: Sam.khader@mewf.de
W: www.g-ii.eu
Middle East Water Forum
Chairman and Founder: Dr Hazim El-Naser
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