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(JoWREM)
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
www.stmjournals.com
May-August 2014 eISSN: 2349-4336
Journal of Water Resource
Engineering & Management
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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
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I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (2)] of Journal of Water
Resource Engineering and Management. The intension of JoWREM is to create an atmosphere that
stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Water Resource Engineering and
Management.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoWREM provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of Water Resource Engineering and Management found to be relevant for
National and International recent developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Water Resource Engineering and Management.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Linear Programming based Model for Design of Looped Water Distribution Networks with Redundancy Rajesh Gupta, Yamini Lakshmi, Shweta Rathi 1
2. Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for Rainfall-Runoff Modeling K. S. Kasiviswanathan, Avinash Agarwal, A. R. Senthil Kumar 11
3. Catchment Pollution Potential and Pattern of Groundwater QualityRitu Ahlawat 19
4. Exudation – An Advancement in Micro-Irrigation with Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation (Porous Pipe)Y. V. Bhamare, Ravichandra Masuti 29
5. Water Harvesting Through Application of Social Marketing Strategy –– A Case Study in Banwar Village, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaMahesh Rao, Sendhil R., Narendra Singh Chandel, V. Rajagopal, Sangeeta Mandal, Monika Shukla, Pradip Karmakar, Atmanand Tripathi 35
ContentsJournal of Water Resource Engineering and Management.
JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Linear Programming based Model for Design of Looped
Water Distribution Networks with Redundancy
Rajesh Gupta*, Yamini Lakshmi, Shweta Rathi
Civil Engineering Department, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, India
Abstract A new linear programming based two-phased methodology is suggested for design of
looped water distribution networks with redundancy. The redundancy is provided against
failure of pipes and a network is designed to sustain failure of any one of the link without affecting nodal supplies in a part or full. In the first phase, network is designed under
normal pipe working conditions for assumed flow distribution using linear programming. The performance of designed system is checked using node-flow analysis for one pipe-
failure conditions and most critical pipe failure condition is obtained in the second phase.
The linear programming formulation in the first stage is appended to incorporate constraints for critical pipe failure conditions and solved. This process of successive
addition of constraints in first phase continues until network design becomes satisfactory to sustain failure of any single pipe. The methodology is general and successive addition
of constraints reduces the size of problem to be handled at a time. The methodology can
be used for any type of flow-distribution. However, flow-distribution based on Chiong’s model is observed to provide better design. The methodology is illustrated with example
networks taken from literature.
Keywords: Design, Linear programming, Optimization, Redundancy, Water
Distribution Network
JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Radial Basis Function Neural Networks for
Rainfall-Runoff Modeling
K. S. Kasiviswanathan1*, Avinash Agarwal
2, A. R. Senthil Kumar
2
1School of Mechanical and Building Sciences, VIT University, Chennai, India
2Surface Water Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India
Abstract Rainfall-runoff process is purely nonlinear and varies spatially as well as temporally. Any hydrological model requires many parameters which represent different components
of the process. Availability of all the parameters is difficult for any catchment and
probabilistic generation of such type of data is impossible. Under such circumstances, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have proven to be a better tool to model the rainfall-
runoff process with minimum available data. The present study is to compare the
performance of the model trained with K-means clustering algorithm and modified K-means clustering algorithm. The potential of these two algorithms was tested by
developing rainfall runoff models for Vamsadhara river basin located in Andhrapradesh, India. Results of these two models were compared with observed data of Vamsadhara
river basin. It is shown that modified K-means clustering algorithm results are more
generalized than K-means clustering algorithm results.
Keywords: K-mean clustering algorithm, non-linear, radial basis function artificial
neural network (RBFANN)
JoWREM (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Catchment Pollution Potential and Pattern of
Groundwater Quality
Ritu Ahlawat* Department of Geography, Miranda House, University of Delhi, India
Abstract Pollutants in groundwater can occur naturally or they can be introduced by various
anthropogenic sources of pollution. Both point and non-point sources of pollution affect
the quality of surface as well as ground water. As water infiltrates, solute concentrations are typically low. But after penetration their spatial extent follows a regional pattern that
needs to be examined in detail. Hence, spatial pattern of important parameters of ground
water quality obtained from secondary observation well data in case of Betwa river catchment has been presented in this paper. An overview of various sources of pollution
from agriculture, industries and towns and their potential effect is also reflected.
Keywords: Groundwater data network, spatial interpolation, solute concentration
level, pollution potential, domestic pollution, agricultural pollution
JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Exudation – An Advancement in Micro-Irrigation with
Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation (Porous Pipe)
Y. V. Bhamare*, Ravichandra Masuti Civil Engineering Department, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune, India
Abstract The awareness has slowly been developed for careful and effective utilization of natural
resources like water and energy. Exudation, i.e., sub-surface irrigation with porous pipe
can be an efficient water-saving method of irrigation for many less developed arid and semi-arid regions. Sub-surface drip irrigation, i.e., SDI has been an important part of
agricultural irrigation throughout the world. During last three decades, sub-surface
irrigation system is being used owing to its capability to apply water efficiency, low labor and low energy requirement and increase in quality and quantity of crop yield. The
project work deals with introduction of new method of irrigation, the comparative study of conventional methods with exudation, i.e., SDI also studied. The project work also
discusses use of sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) for grapes and pomegranates. It also
deals with benefits over drip irrigation, lacunas in conventional drip irrigation system. The main objective of this project work was to minimize evaporation losses in grapes and
pomegranates, proper utilization of water, energy saving and minimization of labor cost and maintenance.
Keywords: Exudation, sub-surface drip irrigation, SDI, arid and semi-arid regions,
evaporation, crop yield
JoWREM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management ISSN: 2349-4336 (online)
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Water Harvesting Through Application of Social
Marketing Strategy - A Case Study in Banwar Village,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Mahesh Rao1*, Sendhil R.
2, Narendra Singh Chandel
3, V. Rajagopal
4, Sangeeta Mandal
5,
Monika Shukla6, Pradip Karmakar
7, Atmanand Tripathi
8
1National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
2Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, India
3Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
4National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, India
5National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, India
6 Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
7Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, India
8Central Research Institute for Jute & Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, India
Abstract The present study was carried out in a dry tract of central plateau region (Banwar village, Madhya Pradesh, India) by a team of trainee scientists inducted for the National
Agricultural Research System (NARS), India. Observations recorded in the village
indicated the harsh effects of declining water table owing to poor precipitation and the need for water harvesting to sustain people’s livelihood since agriculture being their
primary profession. Considering social marketing strategy, the goal was set to recharge
groundwater and increase the water availability for irrigation purpose. Visualising groundwater recharge through water harvesting as the end product; organising training
programmes, method demonstrations, village level exhibitions and visit to other successful water harvesting regions were set as the promotion strategies to achieve the
set goal. Work plan was devised by the trainee scientists and set to act further.
Nevertheless, successful social marketing needs the partnership of local government
bodies and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that play a significant role in
changing the complex social structure of the people—the ultimate beneficiaries of end product.
Keywords: social marketing, Banwar village, water harvesting, groundwater
recharge
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