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Trends in
Machine Design(TMD)
May- August 2014
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
www.stmjournals.com
STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was
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Trends in Machine Design
Focus and Scope Covers
Trends in Machine Design is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals (division of
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?Kinematics of Machines
?CAD/CAM/CAE technology
?CAD/CAM/CAE technology
?Mechatronic design
?Machine manufacturing processes
? Machine learning algorithms
?Brakes, clutch, GEARS and SPRINGS design
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DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India
Puneet Pandeya
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Aditya Sanyal
Anupama Garg
Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
Internal Members
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India.
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India.
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev Raj
Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.
Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India.
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of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
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Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
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Pune, India.
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University, Baru Sahib, India.
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National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
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Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
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Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
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Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
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Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
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Engineering Department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board & Editorial Board
Srinivasu GangisettiAssistant Professor, Mechanical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, India.
Subrata MandalSenior Scientist, Central Mechanical
Engineering Institute, Durgapur, India.
Editorial Board
Arindam Majumder Assistant Professor,National Institute of
Technology, Agartala.
Dinesh KumarAssistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya
National Institute of Technology, Jaipur.
Hemanta KumarAssistant Professor, National Institute of
Technology, Suratkhal India.
K Priya Ajit, Assistant ProfessorDepartment Of Mechanical Engineering & Mining Machinery Engineering Indian
School Of Mines, Dhanbad, India.
Rakesh Kumar MauryaAssistant Professor, School of Mechanical,
Materials & Energy Engineering Indian Institute of Technology ,Ropar, India.
Dilip DattaHead,Mechanical Engineering Tezpur
University, Assam.
LA KumaraswamidhasAssociate Professor, Department of
Mechanical Engineering and Mining Machinery Engineering, Indian School
of Mines Dhanbad, India.
Manju SinghPrincipal Scientist Central Mechanical
Engineering Research Institute Durgapur, India.
Rajeev Jain, HeadMechanical Engineering Department,
Kalaniketan Polytechnic College Jabalpur India.
S K KakotyProfessor Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Guahati.
Sanjivi ArulAssociate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Amrita School of
Engineering, Coimbatore.
Shubhankar BhowmickAssistant Professor, Mechanical
Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.
I take the privilege to present the print version for the [Volume 1 Issue (2)] of Trends in Machine
Design. The intension of TMD is to create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and
growth in the area of Machine Design.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. TMD provides an outlet for Research findings and
reviews in areas of Machine Design found to be relevant for National and International recent
developments & research initiative.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Machine Design.
Finally, and Authors for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the
form of authoring I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board write
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Reviews findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Gas Foil Bearings with Different Bump Foil Materials T. Moasunep. Jamir, S. K. Kakoty, Karuna Kalita 1
2. Workability Behavior of Copper–Tungsten and Graphite Composites M. Navaneetha Krishnan, S.C. Vettivel, G. Karthikeyan 12
ContentsTrends in Machine Design
TMD (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Trends in Machine Design
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Gas Foil Bearings with Different Bump Foil Materials
T. Moasunep. Jamir, S. K. Kakoty*, Karuna Kalita Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati-781039, India
Abstract There is a significant attention on gas foil bearings (GFBs) in recent times owing to its
oil-free technology and suitability over a wide array of operating conditions. However, GFBs have considerably low load carrying capacity as compared to normal gas bearings
(GBs). The present paper investigated the static analysis and comparison of the load capacity of the bump-type GFBs for a simple foil configuration considering only
deflection of bump foils. Different foil materials have been inspected in view of comparing
the steady state load capacity. Also the variations of GFBs load performance with respect to the compliance of the foil have been reviewed.
Keywords: gas foil bearings, static analysis, steady state load capacity, foil
compliance coefficient
TMD (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Trends in Machine Design
Volume 1, Issue 2
www.stmjournals.com
Workability Behavior of Copper–Tungsten and
Graphite Composites
M. Navaneetha Krishnan1*, S.C. Vettivel
2, G. Karthikeyan
3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universal College of Engineering and Technology,
Vallioor, India 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, VV Engineering College, Tisaiyanvilai, India
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Regional Centre of Anna University, Tirunelveli, India
Abstract Workability is a measure of deformation that powder metallurgy materials can withstand prior to fracture occurring in the formation or upsetting process. Nowadays, copper-
based sintered composites produced by powder metallurgy processes are widely used in
bearings and bushes. Also composites based on copper–tungsten (Cu–W) composite containing a solid lubricant (Graphite) have been developed as self-lubricating materials
under the conditions of load, atmosphere and temperature. However, it should be noted that the addition of W has an adverse effect on the composites mechanical properties. In
this paper the workability behavior of Cu reinforced with W and Gr composite was
studied. Gr is a solid lubricant which is used to reduce friction. The various proportions of copper and tungsten powders are mixed with respect to different weight percentage
(Pure Cu with 5% Gr, 90% Cu & 5% W with 5% Gr, 85% Cu & 10% W with 5% Gr) and specimen were prepared. The microstructures of the sintered specimens were examined.
The compressibility test was conducted using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The
preparation and characterization are clearly discussed in this paper.
Keywords: workability, Formability Stress Index, Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs),
powder metallurgy, relative density