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Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
The Hebrews(Israelites)
Group of Nomadic people from Canaan– Abraham 1st to worship one god
The Hebrews (Israelites)
Forced to leave because of drought and famine– Went to Egypt where
they were enslavedEgyptian Prince named
Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt around 1250 BC– “The Exodus”
Rise of Judaism
Moses talked with God who made a covenant with the people– Hebrews accept God as the ruler of heaven
and Earth and Hebrews become the chosen people.
Moses received the 10 Commandments.
Teachings of Judaism
Jews are monotheistic – Belief in one God– Call their God YAHWEH
Holy text is the TaNaKh– T Torah – Teaching – 5 books of Moses
• The Torah contains their laws and early teachings– N Nevi’im – The Prophets– K Kh’tuvim – The Writings
Ethical World View – People and their Rulers should lead moral lives
Transition to Christianity
Jews believe a messiah will come and deliver the Jews from foreign rule– One anointed by God
Rise of Christianity
Grows out of the Jewish Faith
Founded by Jesus of Nazareth
Starts preaching when he is about 30
Rise of Christianity
Jesus arrested and crucified in 33 ADStory of his life is collected in books called
the Gospels.
Teachings of Christianity
Christianity is a Monotheistic ReligionUpholds the Ten CommandmentsStresses Love for God and others.God loves all peopleFundamental belief is that Jesus is the son of God
and he came to Earth and died for the forgiveness of all of man’s sins.– If anyone believes this, they will have eternal life in
heaven
Teachings of Christianity
Jesus’s teachings are collected in the New Testament.– The Gospel’s are the first 4 books of the New
Testament.
Rise of Islam
Islam emerged in the Arabian PeninsulaDeveloped from the teachings of Muhammad
– He was born in Mecca around 570 AD
Rise of Islam
Muhammad received messages from Gabriel – angel of God – to begin preaching
Had to move from Mecca to Medina– The hejira
• Turning point in Islam, marks the beginning of the expansion of Islam.
Rise of Islam
Muhammad raised a following in Medina and conquered Mecca.
Islam continued to spread rapidly:– Indus River to Atlantic Ocean
Rise of Islam
30 years after Muhammad died Islam split into two sects
Sunni and Shiites– Sunni 940 million today; Traditional;
Islamic leader elected by people– Shia 120 Million today; “Followers”;
Islamic leader descendant of Ali (Muhammad’s son in law and named successor)
Teachings of Islam
Summary – “There is no god but Allah: Muhammad is his prophet.”
Islam means submission.– Muslim is someone who submits to
God/Allah’s will.
Teachings of Islam
5 Pillars of Islam– The 5 things that followers of Islam must do.
Teachings of Islam
1st Pillar - All Muslims must proclaim their belief in one God and that God revealed his word to Muhammad– Same God of Jews and Christians– Honor many prophets – Abraham, Moses, and Jesus
but Muhammad is the greatest one
Teachings of Islam
2nd Pillar - Muslims must pray 5 times a day– While praying need to face the city of Mecca
“Allah alone is great.
I testify that there is no god but Allah.
I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.
Come to Prayer.
Come to Success.
Allah alone is Great.
There is no god but Allah.”
Teachings of Islam
3rd Pillar – Charity to the poor and aged4th Pillar – Fasting during the month of Ramadan
Teachings of Islam5th Pillar – Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in
life if capable to – THE HAJJ
Teachings of Islam
Sacred book is the Koran or Qur'an– Authority on religion, politics, law, economic,
and social life
People of the Book
Muhammad called Jews and Christians “people of the book” because they followed God’s teachings in the Bible and the Tanakh.– Have special status as protected people and
should be respected.
Jihad
Mean’s struggle in the name of God.Includes inner struggle as well as external
struggles in defense of Islam.
Connection Between the 3 religions
How are these three religions connected?Same GodMonotheisticJudgment DayTrace their roots to AbrahamCreate a Line of Succession
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