Kingdom’s Overview AP Biology. Endosymbiosis Endosymbiosis Cambrian Explosion Cambrian Explosion...

Kingdom’s OverviewKingdom’s Overview

AP BiologyAP Biology

EndosymbiosisEndosymbiosis Cambrian ExplosionCambrian Explosion PhylogenyPhylogeny CladisticsCladistics

3 Domains3 Domains

Archae (halophiles, thermophiles, Archae (halophiles, thermophiles, acidophiles, methanogens)acidophiles, methanogens)

BacteriaBacteria EukariaEukaria

6 Kingdoms6 Kingdoms

ArchaebacteriaArchaebacteria EubacteriaEubacteria ProtistaProtista FungusFungus PlantsPlants AnimalsAnimals

sun

Wall

Photosynthesis

complex

sun

Wall

Photosynthesis

complex

sun

Wall

Photosynthesis

complex

sun

Wall

Photosynthesis

complex

BacteriaBacteria

Bacteria Vs. Plant cell wallsBacteria Vs. Plant cell walls Gram (+) stain purple, peptidoglycan is on the outside and Gram (+) stain purple, peptidoglycan is on the outside and

can easily be stained.can easily be stained. Gram (-) have a more complex cell membrane outside of Gram (-) have a more complex cell membrane outside of

the peptidoglycan layer.the peptidoglycan layer. Bacteria locomotionBacteria locomotion Taxis Taxis Reproduction: Asexual Vs. SexualReproduction: Asexual Vs. Sexual 3 methods to genetically modify bacteria3 methods to genetically modify bacteria Ecological SignificanceEcological Significance

ProtistaProtista

EuglenaEuglena-- trypanosomes-trypanosomes- dinoflagellates-dinoflagellates- PlasmodiumPlasmodium-- ParameciumParamecium-- Amoeba-Amoeba- diatoms-diatoms- cellular slime moldscellular slime molds

PlantsPlants

Green AlgaeGreen Algae Adaptations needed for life on landAdaptations needed for life on land Alternations of Generations Alternations of Generations

Plant GroupsPlant Groups

BryophytesBryophytes LycophytesLycophytes PterophytesPterophytes GymnospermsGymnosperms Angiosperms (2 major groups)Angiosperms (2 major groups)

Economical importance of eachEconomical importance of each

PlantsPlants

Advantages of seedAdvantages of seed Xylem(Tracheids) and Phloem(Sieve Xylem(Tracheids) and Phloem(Sieve

Cells)Cells) Monocots Vs. DicotsMonocots Vs. Dicots 3 types of plant tissue3 types of plant tissue

Fungus DefinitionsFungus Definitions Asci: Sac-formed, reproductive structure producing haploid

spores. Ascospores: Spores formed by sac fungi (Ascomycota). Fungi: A eukaryotic, heterotrophic, saprotrophic organism

Mold: A fungus that grows as a downy coating on animal or plant matter.

Saprotrophic (Saprophytic): "Rotten food eater“ Decomposer: Organism that uses dead organic matter as source

of energy Spore: 1. Single celled reproductive structure, usually an asexual

haploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce new haploid individuals (could also be a sexual haploid cell that first must unite with another sexual spore to produce a new life stage); 2. A resistant, resting body adapted to survive adverse environmental conditions.

General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics Hyphae and MycelliumHyphae and Mycellium Plant Vs. Fungus Cell WallsPlant Vs. Fungus Cell Walls Importance to ecosystemImportance to ecosystem Importance to humansImportance to humans

5 Fungus Branches5 Fungus Branches

Phylum Zygomycota ("molds", bread-molds)

Phylum Ascomycota (sac fungi) yeast, penicillin

Phylum Basidiomycota (club fungi) mushroom, mycelium, mycorrhizae

Phylum Mycophycophyta (lichens) pioneer species

Phylum Deuteromycota (Imperfect fungi) predator fungus, athletes foot

AnimalsAnimals Symmetry Symmetry CephalizationCephalization Germ LayersGerm Layers Acoelomates Acoelomates Pseudocoelomates Pseudocoelomates CoelomatesCoelomates Protostomes Vs. Protostomes Vs. Deuterostomes Deuterostomes Cleavage Cleavage blastopore blastopore Stages of Stages of Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic Development

InvertebratesInvertebrates

SpongesSponges CnidariansCnidarians PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes ParthenogenesisParthenogenesis CoelomatesCoelomates AcoelomatesAcoelomates PseudocoelomatesPseudocoelomates

Animal Classification Animal Classification (Invertebrates)(Invertebrates)

Porifera Porifera Cnidaria Cnidaria Placozoa Placozoa CtenophoraCtenophora PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes RotiferaRotifera EctoproctaEctoprocta BrachiopodaBrachiopoda NemerteaNemertea AcanthocephalaAcanthocephala

MolluscaMollusca AnnelidaAnnelida LoriciferaLoricifera PriapulaPriapula NematodaNematoda ArthropodaArthropoda TardigradaTardigrada OnychophoraOnychophora HemichordataHemichordata EchinodermataEchinodermata ChordataChordata

VertebratesVertebrates

4 Characteristics of Chordates4 Characteristics of Chordates Tetrapod significanceTetrapod significance paedomorphosis paedomorphosis amniotic egg and the amniote amniotic egg and the amniote

Vertebrate ClassificationVertebrate Classification

Myxini PetromyzontidaMyxini Petromyzontida Chondrichthyes Chondrichthyes ActinopterygiiActinopterygii ActinistaActinista DipnoiDipnoi AmphibiaAmphibia ReptiliaReptilia Mammalia (3 Groups)Mammalia (3 Groups)