Endosymbiosis hypothesisMitochondria are the result of endosymbiosis between eukaryote cell anda free-living aerobe bacterium (α-protéo-bacterium)

flat cristaetubularcristae

GLAUCOPHYTARHODOPHYTACHLOROPHYTACRYPTOPHYTA

OCHROPHYTADINOPHYTAHAPTOPHYTA

CHLORARACHNIOPHYTA

discoid cristaeEUGLENOPHYTA

Systematic characters used to define the major groups of algae: Phyla and Classes(see Table 1-1 in Graham & Wilcox)

pigments (chlorophyll a + accessory pigments)

ultrastructure (mitochondria, chloroplasts, flagella, cell wall/surface structures/cell covering)

storage products (starch, chrysolaminaran, paramylon etc)

cell wall/cell covering (biochemically, morphologically)

thallus-morphology, reproduction / life cycle

molecular data (especially DNA sequence data)

Chloroplast fine structure

Algal flagella

isokont

Flagella roots

RHODOPHYTA - flagella completely unknown

mastigonema

haptonema

CHLOROPHYTA heterokontDINOPHYTA

OCHROOPHYTA

HAPTOPHYTA J. Throndsen figs

Cell coverings/cell wall

Dinophyceae Chlorophyceae

Bacillariophyceae

Haptophyta Prasinophyceae

Euglenophyceae

Algal nomenclature is governed by ICNB (Int. Code of Botanical Nomenclature, other nomenclature is ICZN and “Phylo code”)

Principles, rules, and recommendationsLatest revision:Vienna Code, 2007 (adopted by 17 Int. Bot. Congress, Vienna 2005)

Prority: starting point for most groups, Species Plantarum, 1 May 1753 (later starting point for a few groups)

Taxonomic categories: Kingdom, Phylum (Division), Class, Order,Family, (Tribus) Genus, (Sectio),Species (subspecies, varitey, forma)

Typification, holotype, isotype, lectotype, neotype

Effective and valid publication, journal requirements, latin diagnosis, indication of holotype, illustration

Valid name, basionym, synonyms

Binomial: Generic name + specific epithet + author citation Conservation, nomina conservanda

The taxsonomical hierarchy(algae follows ICBN = International Code of Botanical Nomenclature)

Regnum/Kingdom/rike Planta

Divisio/Division/divisjon -phyta Chlorophyta

Classis/Class/klasse -phyceae Prasinophyceaephyceae

Ordo/Order/orden -ales Mamiellales

Familia/Family/familie -aceae Mamiellaceaeaceae

Genus/genus/slekt Mamiella

Species/art Mamiella gilva (Parke & Rayns) Moestrup1984Syn. Nephroselmis gilva Parke & Rayns 1964

taxon ending

(binomial)

Each taxon may have a sub-level with separate endings, e.g. Subclass -phycidae