View
0
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Thesis Submitted in fulfilment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Psychotogy
l>a compataHve siudy oj
job motivjQtion vatzous pto/e^ :/ ess ton a I ^toups
YOGEIMDRA NATH BHARGAVA Enrolment No. L-3466
Under tiie Supervision of:
DR. S. SULTAN AKHTAR
Reader
Department of Psychology
Aligarh Muslim University. Aligarh.
1 9 7 8
T2243
A<o No-
Jot UNtVE^'^
7 ; t . . . I ' J
^^CKrr r:5.p7
S. S u l t a n A k h t a r M.Sc.,Ph.D.
READER IN PSYCHOLOGY Aligarh Muslim Universi ty
^, L«ctur«r s Quar ter
Diggi Rood
^ l i g o r k 202i)Ul
IN Ola
].S,9*i979
This id to CQctify that Hr. iKHjsodra Hath Bhergeflra has <aanplj&t&& hla l^*D« thosls undar wg ouptivlaior). tSU topic was *h Oonc^cative StuSy of JOb Hotivation ot vorioua i^zofasaicmal Csoapa** 2 we ^ i l y aatiaCied vith his uoxk.
v^
cc
C/l A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
job motivjQtion OF VARIOUS PROFESSIONAL GROUPS
Ph. D. THESIS
YOGENDRA NATN BHARGAVA
-r > >A3
% r w^
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY. ALIGARH.
mmtMCf
Tb* thssla luMi t>«Mi dlvia«d into four Chapturat
Psyctioloi^«t9* aocioloQists mx^ •eonondots hove b««fi
tueiiiAtttd by ttm «o«pl«acity of ttm t«x» Job aotlvatioii. ffisy
httv*, sine* tl0BM» JUMMHBoci«l« tri«dl to mohm v&«b30 mcMteXa losd
to th» •iuGldiftt« th« eof>c«pt,. ¥h« to«««ti^t#i''4i^ tsiatf to
«n«ly»ii thft various wsAmla, tp uiiditfwtaod the Ixplind «fia ct&t«d
wmmxixi^m Tbaori^ of job notivtitioa ranging tteam 9IAS1OW*«
U954) 'fiatta H»JUmieby« to iu3am*if:^(l$6i) *Xiitt<|uity fhsosy* xs ro
be«n aiaciiasi^* EieJUrirant aepiirloal evKiUiiicea for €aid »Qaitiait
thd tt3£iori0« h nro bnon t£ik«^ iDtb coosMoratloQ. It io quito
0vi(3eiit that th@ l^tivatorwn^}i«na thaory geziecatad new loteraat
about Jdb motivation tbough i t has oc^ baan t3»#^ivoca3ll.y
«iiQPpD£ta by rasadccl^ra in tba field*
*ni& rariaw of tba cciaaascl»a laivoais that invaatieatora
h<iv« tttiliaad variad leathodolciey and gtudiad diffaiant ocoiipa
aod ttoair job oKjtlvatioiia. siatucally tba caoulta coold hardly
bo coaipaxabla. 2t haa baan poiotad out that the Job motivation
of |ihy«ieia»a and laiiyara have not btiao atadiad aa yst theu«h
thay baSoag to vary iaqportant prefaaaiona in our cot»try» similarly*
tba Jab laativatioo of taachara and polica f4iraoQnai haa not
hmma tiiofOuiMy mamiamA, ttmm Qioyp« not only differ in
W9^ 9olm rmtUbtmm, tlwy ftl«o wos^ und^r diffecnat oi<G«oiM<-
tioci«l cli»ftt«a« Mieth»r f*«tuf« oC ths pf«««nt stiady i s i t s
iMitliodelo^icai iaaovfttiori which htm bmm diacii«tt«d •lal>or«t«ly
ia tiMi ••cocid chaptttr.
Chttptwr 11 - K«eho(^iooy
ttm various iM^surlng dovlcft* used for sttidying joib
motiv«tiori «M satisfaction he»m bsso thofoufihly fsvisusd* Zt
h&9 besQ ftiiiiid that Qasstiotmairss hme besn itost frsQuantiy
yssd &>r such st^isa/^^^ictb notitratie^ acmlm (JHd) dsvolopsd
for cooducting ths pi!»ssot iav@stigatio» has besa diseyssed,
£t c%^si0ti$ of i t ^ 3 ua&d by (tSCilxsrQ ati<3 his aasociatssi but
i t Qlm> coG3prisci9 mm itams £&'. icl significant for Xei iao votU^m,
i!ii iadsi £KScmt cseasuDs of J ^ satisfaetlois iras ta^n €nd Ibr
ttiia g.ur;o@a 3*D t &pioy ss invvntory d«fr@iop6a by s sfl xmjee
m<^ ^titms C1974> i#a3 ussd. ?ha seopiing peooedyrs has hma
discussed ai»3 thes inraraoss o£ %g», «aiparij@aco, sal4>ry hmm b««rt
rspoxt^ for tha four grodips. iJuncsa's ^uogs test at^ EtusIcaX-
i ^ l i s <jaet way juaaiysis of variance tmm b@€0 ttsad for
statistictti analyses•
Chaptsr • XZX itssults
Tha aaaiyaes fwraaisd that ths various «foaps haidly difftersd
With aach otisir o» 'contaat* as wsil as *coi»taiit* factors* Ths
tasults abtsioad thnHi^h ttnspaeif iMS raokiof; showsd a s i s i i ar
tsMld./Bajrlittr iUiAingm «•<« nmtilximd wfmn mmtimimetSjoa
£io tfi€f6nmco« IMI IMNRI th* QRMIJPS «KI various I MStora «MS»
«tb8«nr«dl •tcCitl t th«t pellea fMiiw»na«i dlffarOMl iritli «difoc«t«s
on aociai iat«r«etlefis vlth eo»«ioidtoir». Afftto* polic* P»«KNEIII«1
4if ifoxvd ifiti) doctor* «a<l «dvoe«t9« oa aupoiviaioo and |M»21C«
with dsMStora <»a liaaith.
Chaptar isf - OiMfuasi^n and mtacpratatioo
Ttm f^lica pasaofuieJi, p^afarroa mMmwmmt^, gvamth, atatua*
GomwotkmzB, aitparriaifiia 4BAd wDcial ixttaraetieii with au^rdifiatoa*
ttm taach@ra aapirad tor scrhiavamB'nt, ^fowtl), aocial status and
security* ftia advocatcrs m^S^Km^ meMmmsmat oi^ social, statiis.
irh0 doctoisojptad for achiavae^nt, sociaX statiJts and wort itaeif •
St was ccmoludc^ tl)At tmhimmmxt, @eowth <»d sc»eial «t«^tis
wsce a0;^ii^ i^^tivatinQ to a i l tim groups atudiad by «#« s i i# ) t
difierancas om l^ividuaJ. factors wsro attributad to woi^rols
It i s conteodad that tha inpaet of socio'^aeoiiomic ^ d othar
sttch <»9Rditioi3a ahotild h& takan l^to e%>osidaratio» nAiils
attsmptino to study job Motivation. It i s su@9ast«d that
diflterant woi^ Qroii a abou3d ba atudisd by using tha sam tools
and anployifjQ similar sMthods bafora wa can draw aossi Cmitfiil
infarancss sboyt mdian ssiiplss.
uamavnumammm:
yihklm i>i?@a@ritiQQ t h i s t t^s ia as A c«Ngpiixr«ra»nt for the awajcd oi Hi,!)* d«igctt«», Z tlncsi^tlf £«•& cbliQod t o the Uo|;axtiMint and I t s vmiSomtm tsxm vhcm 1 g&t. f u l l cocii«rt«ti«» t^au m'saijp&tlmti& ti»«t««nt «»hich •ocouzagsdi met to coaplettt tb» px«aottt m»&asch work «/ith a l l Hty «ittt»ai«tm an^ OOVOl XOI} •
X Ivtve no %iDrdi» t o «»qpress my wa.xm fe&lin@9 for Pr, ^ b a s i:. kiaevl# lisctnirsr, D^i^artmeat o£ rsycbolo^* Allsarh Muslim Universtity, Ali«««.xt;, who not only pexsua^SeS ma to take up K®ae»wh vttrk in t h i s Oepartaumt but ^l9X» ccmaiatently <»»«i!ced ms to parsue nty i«oxk t i l l x aampl9t»& it.
X <« indebtod lMiycm<3 woxds tu my supexviaor^ Dr.s* sultAn Akhtar, iMie who won vm over by h is valuable suctQBsticois *m6 «blo guidenc® in th« pmcmas of jpttAdin^ the manuscript c r i t i c a l l y and «|fiqMittMrt ic&lly* Tlw finieourao«»ent and aocipeii: opinion whler X 9ot iron bin boceiett kindly liQht for mm at ovary stag* in tho production o£ th i s thoaia. 'Whatover Z haire gainad froii bin w i l l always bo an aosot for KM in ny fttturo acadaiuic caraor*
Frofaasor jjbdul Jaaiil ondxl* Mi< , oapartimnt of l^ycbology, Ali^arb Muslin Univarsity, XLioarb* was always kind and synpatbatic to no whrnavor 1 facod any pzcbltm.
I havtt a lso to tbank Dr. Hahnood Kustafa siddiqi imam yarid), Laeturar, Oopactaiant of aoeioleoy, Alignrb Mnslln univorsity, Aligacb, tog tba patianea with whieb bo wnnt throu0) aeno part a of tba prosont wor^ and inpgwnid
i t s aeslpt*
X also wish to SHpxttss my mSMtcmm gmtittidtts to Mr,R«t,. Mshta, FociBfir A^vi««r to th» Cantrttl COMMxt{i«X CaniBittoo, Hew o«lhi« for bis ntorai sus^sort in the procoss o£ fosoaieb Moxk.
Dr« Ashok Sanymi, Eoadsr« Anatoisy PopartiMiiit, Medical ColI«^» RstiaxMi tUMvt tMiv«rsity, Varatiftsi, Shxi iro^sndsa Bhargftvai jl^vocats^ Monbcir of tfes Bar Msociatlor), O»llaetojr«ttt, Aliffaxti, lato sstish Cheoidra ShanNi* Foznar Foiico asto^txiapBtctot, r'OstfflS at Kainpuri, KSSSJES mivamatm Kummr Varslmsyt ZACturart stinaac IMX ssMsna, senior Operator! aitci Tsnjeed AVJNMI Ktiaa, Operators Conputair Qsnter, Ali«i&rh i usiiia University, Ali^xl)« belpefi sie at v&rious stages of my c^searob ym^, v i« , , data coilecticm* stat is t icai analyses ai»l otl^r sttch rmK^mtamtmm Klthout their coopera--tion this thesis yttmlA not hanre reached to the stage of i t s CKNBpIetion*
I a» personeliy €i»ii«sa to Mr. Hashtaeod Man Ras* who has typed this script within a short pexiod of time.
/I 1/
- A / ^ ^
Ch«pl:«r IZ HSTHODOJbOCV • • • 36
Ctia{^«r 111 srATXSTZCAL ANALYSIS mO RBIRIXffa • • • 4S
AHMmpiam
Chaqp'tor Z
ZHVUCEOCrXQM
Xn t h B s a o o n t { iast thief* Ibad tMi«n s u e h 4BII « a % h a « i « s t l o
iDCxoaao in ttm f*s««xeli»a on *Jdb Motivatticm* thstt i% l)a«
baeoi&d i^xacticalXy jUefsoasiblei to mmmmtMim aoa cx&tiealXy
evaluate ttm mmmsmim tmmt&xch atudUia in this fimW, Hane*
wm can c i te ham only a imt, v^xy impoxtemt tmm; out of these
mmxf BtxtdMta* imst^eg «t a i . (1999) ttodoubtsdly axoaso^ now
intttcssts in the study of jcib notivatior. by dicjrossin^ £rc»% tha
txaditional a^coach which ims nnich too thsoxltlcal as %mll ss
BNithoclolOQical* ssveral investi^Q^toirs i»plicat»d the oniiWiriBHKiitai
dssigrt of H»ii^vg s t «!• (1999) &a<f oiKSoxasd thoir eindin^s
• i thsr fully or iMuctislly (flehnsxts* Jsaitscitis mnA staxk,
19«li Mstonjos, Akhtar and Dwivsdi, 1971}.0thsKs hava
aadsavousad to tast tha «MMzality of Midfeax^'s eantantian*
but tha casttlta do not iiaa<3i>ivoeally sappext tha thsofy and hara
faiXad to aatabiish a oXm^x eat aatiafiar<-diaa«^iafiar diehotany
(rciadlandar, 19C3* 19#4« 19d9# tahiri and sxlvaatara* i9«7f
main* 19Mf Kin«, 19tOy hmmtwm^^ 1971 and iftilin and ifatars,
1971).
lA^(a_ilti9^4sfi»ad jaiii^satisfaetian aa ths "••• plaaaaritfbla
spsttonal stata caaoltin^ fsaai tha am^saiaal of ana*a Jab
va&aaa*. faeter «ialysis of Jab attitadsa* ^(sastianaaifaa* iadlcata
%li«t Job satiaCaction eao b« m^KsMd as tha coagmiita of •
mmiMX of iwditxataly eomil«t«d emtpoxmat «ttituiMM« iueh «#
•akisioctjUm with p«y« satisfaetiiMi with attpflinriaioiit mmtJkmtmtiMm
with eo« «ojrl«ix» «na satisfaetioci with ttm MOIIC* %rh«i»«i
*'iN»tivatioii'* xaf^rs to ths «ny in «Mch « poiaon** iMOtSs
avtonOiui bis hethsvlenr. ^though m pmrmm*a jtfb •atiifaietioii
and bis iiexic notivatioa «x» two dist inct Taciidolss* ttey am
boiuEid togoittier in a eoK^lax iiat<4«iitk of saiatieiuitiifMi.
i«ycboio0Ata« ainca ttie iaat tticea (Sseadsa hova t i lad to
aaawwr ttm <|tiaatiOQ aa to wtiy paoitia woxic, «aiiy aoiaittific
and objeetiva affoicta hava baan dooa to ptxnrMm an memvmt to
i t* svyebo-aattiiopoiofifical ai^xoaeh arguMts that thn pristitiva
ntan's wotiva to woxilt utam naxoly to f o i f i i l ttxs baoio naads of
tiis fftiirviyai. Wat m&xwm and waias (1995) found that pat^a
woidkad ''mmi i f thsy had aaoa^ naoay to support thanaaivas, •••
MOiltinQ fiivaa tham a faaXiafl of baing tiad into tha Xajrgt
•oeiaty of hwring aosia thing to 4o« of having a pnxpoaa in
i i ia** MOfk i s sach an intcinaie past of l i f a , that i t i s stuviy
diffieiiit to diffaiantiata ooo fsan tha othar,
Nsny othar assoNptiooa or aotftls hava boon put iocwofd
tiaa and again to aMpiaia aa to alqr poopla i«ei^ and bahava in
tha wi^ thay do ao. Tha aasiiaat traca of tha thaory of
Motlratifltt i s found in tha philoaaphicaX wcitings of British
assoeiatianiats uho uphsid Oraalt hadanisn (•oaxtog* i9M)«
•aaMMOata* aoeiologiata and payohologtsts daring tha las t
smsntyfiva yaacs havu nado oaneaitad offoits to unvoii tim
wystvy of «»tir«tieii to woik. But t te torn SMMIBO m mlvmkim
«• i% ir«o « fow docoteo ««o which i s ovidtot f son voiiotw
Modols that hitvo boon piopooaA oft and on. Tho pxemlnont
m»cSR|.« iicoi roireo ana eooieloo* •eoncMjyc auun thtexy* Social, and
pu»tionft3l nwm wi^ cuowth epon syntoii.
ir oxce «Bd oooieioii
Ittstoiy •tanOa nitaoaa to tho aaauBj^tion that mm by oatai*
•hiflta fxoii woilc and ha could bo eiada to wotk imdar dtiSBsa*
Thia mtmmptiim moo popular thiroit@hottt the ijjeoindaatxial
sairolittlon asa in l^xopa aa wall aa i» tha imitod stataa of
Marica (Haaa eQ«S fionditoh* 1973).
EcoBOHie Man
Tha aeoiiaiiiic nao ooocapt owaa i ta mrnxgrnsm to Ad«a aaith
vho viaaaiiaad that aiaa ia an wittaaaieii of amehiiia and ia
liotMratod aoXoly by aoaiia»ie xatiafda. Ha ia **a paaaiira agant
to bo a^iiitiilatad, ootivatod and eontsoUod by th> of«Miaatiaii««
Nta iaaiinfa bain« aaaantiaUy icn^ionai* oggawtaation «aai9i
ahoMld ba aaoh •» to oaatialiao and eantcol hi» fboliaga.
mr^tmt^ ilHH) helda tha iriow that, "tha oonsoMic mm afoaa
oot of tha daaiinant aqftha of inditatirial savolution and tha lasga
Mytha of Piotoatant othiea." A andifieation of tha amdal naa
y^pulariaad by tha c«tiaoal oaano«ie »an ooncopt of offieianoy
•Kpotu. Tha aaa«i|>tiaaa aco pfiaMiciiy baaod on hadaniMi aiiich
•dfoeata that mm ia baaioally aotlvatad by aeaoaMie iaoantlvoa.
m i « "pMsivv agMit to b# iMni9iil«t«di« aotiir«t«a maa contioll«<9
by tht erguiiafttioii.'* mm f««ling» b«lii« ««a«iit i«l iy i r ra t ioaa l ,
ovoani««ilon d M i i ^ shoitld b* mieli as to iMMt«c»Ii«« and esatsel
hl« favXingi* AaawqAJLons in tlwocy *X* of Mccxaoor ( IMO)
to land soppost to hia contMitiaii which aasonaa that tha van
im inhasaotly |>aaaiva« laay maS gai l ib le* aR<5 ha i a incapilsla
of aal f -diaelpl ine and aaif eont io l . l^hla thaosy elasaiCiaa
huMia b a l n ^ into two 9iott£ta, tha uatz»atiioxthy« ncmey Motiirataa,
and ealeulative leaaaf and the txua^forthy, tmrm bxoacSiy
MOtivtttad* nosmi a l i t a i^io mxat or^ttiiiaa and vm^mv» th@ t»aaa
(3ehain« i969)« niniiaff othar ecooomic incantiire thaoriaa waca
{ixopotmOad by nany of t t e aoelal aohoiaca* Haai iMbar (i946)«
an aniaant Gasman aocioIofM^it, c»mtandad that an individual's
netivas should be sid>exdinatad to tha xatiuiisonanta of tha
ocfpiiaatleo and tha individual daaaxvea acanomle xatrazds t9t
hia pacfamanea. Tha aoonanic sMdal laya aaipihaaia on f inaaeial
lawasda t^r tha aawNmt of laiiSi dona by individaai*
tha »anay, «nidoabtadiy« halpa i a aatiafyioQ tha individoal'a
pftoacy Booda m» «ia].l aa h i^wr iavai naada. Zt i a baiiavad
that BMBMoay. i a nHny ways* aeta aa an ineaetiira for t h * aoiliacs.
m this vaxy poMftaotiva Opahi and XJaaaatta ( i f i f t ) baiiava that
•Mooay acta Mi an iaeantiva ia f isra peaaibla tfajfst aa a
*«anditieoaX ineantiva*, aa an 'anxiaty sadiiear*« as a *hy#aDa
faotov' and aa a *mana of i ^ s t w a B t a i i t y * .
Social and motional Man
TIM <MBOti«fnal man mppt^mh %m» «£hracatfid by sigMWMl
rxoiad, who tMiliaved that etiillPMod fsuatrations ond bioX«»9ic«l
urgBf woxo tbo baaos of oRo*a bohaviour dynaHica "iffldamtaBding
&nd dealioQ with man aa a v iet to of amotiona psocipitatad ttia
moQmgn aBt|>hasi» oo hUMtn xolation p»e^9^emmu^ at a l l jcC> lovels
of aophiatieatiofi. iMa eoocopt fittod in nicaly with ttw
burgaQoifiQ bitxoa»exa^«s that davalt^wS to mmaga tlni htt a
psodaetioi} pla^ta that mmsgsA* illicilwipg* 19§3).
The HawthoxB® atnOioa ahoMOd that iMeo&s taii<» b r <««*• woide
gxo«tp wa» a» istposte^t &s the easncmic incentiv^a attmna^ by
»ana^i»Qt, Haj^ (1945)« cma of tha fen^ajeehatx of theao studioa*
through hia atdtMocpcoit atudi«»a bsouQht forwacd Goitviiicinc
•vidancw that tha indteatsial Xifa daprivad the woxSwsa of Ma
social noa<Sa« tiei davalopod a aat of aoMnptiiwtui 4iE>ottt tha
iHduatcial woxkar.
(a) a woikor ia baaically arativatad by aecial naada and obtaina hia baaio aaasa of idamtit y thtoueh salatioiuihipa with
(b) aa « vaault of ratiooaliaatioo of woili, a^aniiiQ haa qmum out of woxk which tha weckora soak in aoeial salafeionship at woik.
<«) «oil( ia wmsm laapaoaiva to tha social f«»roaa of tha poor ^WBMp than to tha iooantiipas and eeotsel of MtfiaonMOta* and
(d) wog]( im sespeosivo to •wnagiaiant to tha aaitant that a supaiwisor can »aat a sabosdiaato's social noada and aoad
MMty mammmfmm tmwm aheitm th«t tmrnt woik and social $atmt90timm
hawt l>««n pnf«cK«d 9<mr wmmt by wotkmm (Tri«t, Xf i ) i sios«
i f Ml Akhtar «ia Bh«x««r«» 1974)*
Gnnfth ofMHS systeii
2t ! • maMmmsa that »aa i« eopiftiie of ii«liin« decisions, tluit
he has sotiiras mhich am eos^oic* and that ha strives £er Qzowtht
iBspoRsihility, otwS sehiaveewnt* astosai psyeholoQists
loaiise^l that the ioss of smsniRQ i s not miatad to suoh to i&an'a
aociai ttooOs hut he has an iahsneat neail to use his eapn^ilities
and slcii ls fuliy* These i s soet* hind of a cxeative urge to
seaiise one's CJis>«i3ilities» Host lioik ctiies do not piovide
emw^ fac i l i t i e s to the «ctent that they peisiit the wotlcor to
use his eepabiiities Aiiiy.
Modem appfoaieh to tiede Motivation can he divided into
•oonteat* and *p«ocess* evpseaohes. Theofeticai fttsmiatiQns
of Mosiow a t S t ) end mxi^mg^ (1919) aisi to identify spocifie
oentent foetors in the individttal (Meslow) or in the Jcflb
SBwriwiiwientdiiwtoert) that ootiirMte esyloyees.
A reel sad systewitie appseach to the def«lo9nent of the
theories of woik «etivetien mttf be traced to later port of 1990.
Heny theories, in this dsoade, hove been propeeed niieieas enly
a few have been widely aclilwed and heve been eiqposed to the
rifwixs of seientif ie oi erabMntsitiAR mA validation, the
thooties ooiild bo broadly e loss i f isd as content snd psonoss
thm&xy o£ aotiTation (tMtluiw, Xt77)« Itw eontant tlwocisa
•t«jet«d with tlsi dbMissifOn of figi«ici«X iiic«iititNM iMtt Xtfismx on
inoivHted woiidiiQ «iOiuiitiaii«« mmemKlty moA atyl^ of au^oivioiea*
T))oy «lso iiiooi9ei«t«d lii^wr Xmtml mmAm, K*speii«lt>ll.ity«
nKEooBitioQ and gxeiith. 9h» two »«Jor thaorl«8 fftilin^ in tMo
c«to9osios axtt <orw«xd«3 by Hosloir a»a HiiiiMirg irhich neoA to l»o
i tf«MSiic«a tmg» t>cio£3ty«
MASlOtf (tf49}f on ttoft baoio o£ eXin&eol oxsMirieiico,
otttlisod th» el«iBfiitt8 of an ovojeaU thooxy of tMoti'vatlon. m
axrangat! a {lax^on'a IUMKS in a hiocaxohieai iMMtiisar» mmlMm
olfllioratoa thst ooea a paetiiniiar iov^X of aaed bacoac* aatiafiad,
i t no Itmgitr aacv^a tlie puxpoao of iiK ivii i£«s and, }iinc», tha
noxt liiQbar lavai naadi had to tw aotivatad! in oxdar to nMitivata
the indivlHttai.
»aalow olaaaifiwS naad hjecaxehy in five iavola* vis.«
phyaioloffical oaaaa* aafaty naatfa* lova naadia, aatawa aoada and
naad for aaif aBtualiaation. Phyaiolo^ical noad c^maiata of
haaio aaada, aiieh aa# htt»9ar# thicat, aiaaiP, Mmt» ate. Jicoaidia^
to thia thaovy «aoa thaaa aoada aia falf i l lad thay no laogar
htUp in «otivatia« tha intfiviaaal. safety naoda iaeittda both
aaetienai and phyaical aafety* St may alao bo tanaad aa aacttsity
naada« lika ybyaioioQieai aoeda« anea thaaa aaoda axa aatiafiad
thay no longer aiotirata the iadividaai. Tha intaaeediato iovol
9i naoda* father Xnmm or bolaofrin^Maa naa4,ooriaapanda with
affaction and affil iatiaa aoada. the naoda for power,
ashlafvaeiant and atatua ««n ba eanaidesad the part of aal
n—<!•• Til* mXi m^9llut^Um MMMI tmpwmntm th» cwlwiwtigii
9f a l l t h * Imi^t, iUa^gmmAiAtm and tiifiilwr IWMUI aaatf** fw iy l *
who haw l»«e««a tmlt «ettt«3Ll««A «ra ( M i f - f u l f i l lad and bava
etaliaad a l l of tha i r potaatiala. Xs af fact , a * l f (WituallMitlaa
i a th» pmxmm9 aotivaticn t€> tiwosfoiii p^temptixn of aa l f into
f o a l i t y ,
»aslow*s tl^moxf wm^m a aign i f leant eootfUnatioii its tama of
iMiliinQ si«aa9»Mmt airaio of divaiaa mmOm of paopla at noik* Maalow
U 9 i l ) Mnaal f n ^ i f i « d liis pootiilataa by au^iastiiiQ that
Oiatifyiog ttta aalf^a0tualisin« aaad of Qxovtti-aietivatad
iodivi^uiila CM) actually inecaaao xattiar ttum daesaaaa thia iiaad*
liiahiriba and eicdMall i l97S) beliave that llaalGw alao niodifiad hia
aar l io r tmmmq?%U3im and aun^aatad tbat hi^iar itaada stay mmtgn
aftac long dti^ciiratioo oir aupsoaaion of l Moir naada inata«S of,
only ¥iimm, ttwr lowar naada axa aat ia f iad .
OMiidta Matloir'a attainpta to inpiiova hia aaad hiarasehy
thaory, aavaral othajt atitdioa *mm oanduotad with boat
iaoanelittaiva laaal ta . Wahitoa and Bixdwall ( I fTS) hcra antanaivaly
awrianad th« laaaaiohaa eaodoctad on tiaaloir*a noad tiioraiehy
•lodal. Tlwy OiBMi to tha aoBclaaiop that liaaloir*a aaod hloiaiehy
Modal i a iMt a lwa^ taaiiil»la «Ad ono oan aapiia for tha
aatiafaetian of hiifhar ojpdar aaad withoiit tha lawar osSar aaod
baiAQ aat iaf iod. Thay alao faund t«fo pximmwf oluatara of naada
la a M i t i o n to tha fiipo ait«i»atad hy Maalow,
Kqpaa foftar ( I t d l ) * in hia atady of pasoaivod naad
aa^iafaotiotta In botton and iiiddla Mana^Miaat J«ba« foaad
d»fieiMieias in fvlfillMittt and pnienlvnd lapoitnne* to thn
indivi4««l0. in both bottom and nldtflo nanoQBMmt. fia his
OBothtr otitdy lector (19<a)« in ^^lyin« M«oi«w*o nood himtmmhf
to nonagMMint |Mir»omiol# imrvotioatod pmtonknA nood foifilliBont
d«ficl«ncl09 JUi oeorly 2,000 autfiogBrs. t^x^r found that
mmiAgarm at a l l loimls had ainiiar aoetirity and aocial needa*
li»uovttr« aatiafactiCKi of the thsoa hifiliar l«v«l naeds irai;i«^
gesatly with nanngasial cmk* the lowor managmiwit lovel, tho
XmtB lilcoly i t weia that thaaa naeda wottld bo aotiafiad. Satia-
faction of ostoaw* oatonotsy axmi aalf-Hnettialisation noada also
•oaiRod to be cr i t ica l ly dafiolant at a l l lewola of isasiaeaBients*
with tha poaslble «iR»ptiaa of the top i^dsagarial lovol. I^rtar
CQRC1UI£NMS that tc^ nanagattsnt waa to b« oa concaxned with the
aatiafacrtion and privation of i t s lower lairel tMmimaxa aa
i t waa with tha leotivationa of i ta blue-col lar woxieam.
Vso«K (1964} psoridaa n raviaw of aiatilar atudioa that
hairo baoo conducted by other roaaaxehara. However, tha atudiea
eendttoted by Porter and othara ««» be oritieinad for beinQ exoaa
aentienal xethar than lenfiitttdinal* m other wexda, aitnatieoel,
aelection or eult^irAl faetora, rather thwi «n»wth factor* wMor
tutm datexwined the seanlta.
ledr <19id} found that Naslow'a andel was faixiy xeli#>le
way of neaaering priority needs of woxkera. Xn one of hie studies,
Slai <lf«4} va^hexed vnriaMS oeeyi^tions s«kples and found that
need satisfied by Jabs were oonsistant with Haal0w*s hiexeiehy
of needa. Vor anetlMir atndy which pxQ<ridad ewidanoe fer tieslew*s
IQ
hmma Motivation, Blai CltM) maOm e i ia ical flbwiiviitioii* liic
htktm 4md tathmtd mmpXem fwem «i<hi jomgtf of oocupAtions.
MsconUxiQ to hiKi tiMi •tcongmt mmd of Jcb sgtisfaetioQ «pp«ftis
tc bt th9 int«i»»tinti ^ t i o * %i%, j«b •eeority 49K «BA ••lf-«et«a«
iistttien 42^, Out of tho 14 psoMioctoiS noeds, 9 mum eonsiaomtf
to nmtch or «p|»xoaciiMt« witb tho nmwAa ceotaitied i» K««ioit*s
hioisjKil^. Xt «ia« «lM> aotieoa ttmt c«i«tioRahip botnoon nood
wad job aaiisfaction w«s wodBimto.
Ver imrifyiag I «uiloir*a hyi»ytlwsi«« Sairior «R^ aattlo (1972)
took lonciltudiaia dat« fiWRt 167 sRoiiAgeni in two diffonnit
ortiaiiisatloiM. One ^^xncp coMploted the <3Bo«tionnaic« twlca
in miM mmtim* data for the other finnp noxo colloctwd over «
poriod of on* yoar. But thttm w«s l i t t l o crldonco to mifi^ct
nmltm*9 th»ory of tmnttn no«d« for showiaQ thftt thtro ovor
•xiated « hioxmiehiy of lov«l« in noodt,
m another looQitudimil study b«MM9i on HMIIOW *S tboory of
Bood hiomieliy* m i l «aid Hoagain (1946) intoxviowod « gmmp of
•siMi^ora ovor a pariod of fiva yaars at tal^hana wd talagnyh
dapaitMMt* Tlioy did not find atfoav avidMioa for tba ttiaiarehy.
Contrary to i t , thay found that aa th* auma^ara atap aliaad*
thoir aaada for aafaty tand to doeiaaaa, with i t thosa ia
eonaapandino iaasaaaa in thair naada far affi l iation, aehiava-
want, aataaa and aalf aetaaliaatian* Mai and Neugain argua
that tlMtaa akMigaa laault faos da^Mntial eacaar atagaa sattotr
th«i tvm Immt aster ftatif ieation,
MMMi« iBdiMi payabolafiata Agafwal and tfiaaaa (1977) hava
n
mKUtoXimtmd t l » l r point that UMAS foUow « daseandisiQ p9it%mm
mm against tlia iHittani hmmd <stt iuwa«w*« coneaption* Tha oaada
ava ao lii«^y aaaociiitml with aach othor that eftan ena can
{>sa lict lowar o«3ar naada baaad on tha data af hi gihftr oxtfar
naeda an^ vix:a varaa* HmnOm do not imd oannot foXlow a ImSiOmt
pattam aa Raaioif aaana to advooato, Ganamlly, i t ia a apical
pattam which iiakaa ael ipticai taxna at avary ataQ»» mxicm,
i t la avidaat that AQaciral and Shacna do not u i ^ l d fMaioir*»
fiira aaad catafpsriaa* But thia CMiclusion did not a££act tha
ttfo bxoad eatagori^s (uppar and iowar} daiinaatad by Mahaba and
SicdtMiil vMeh pcoposa that thaxa exiatad a nagative caiationship
batwaan aatiafaction and itspoxtmcB in aaeh naad eata^ry.
Aidacfar iVi&f) hsui eoobined KttiiOff*3 eataoori®* with thxaa
Qxntipa o£ <soz» naada* via** waintananca of nateri&i axiatance*
autintwaanca o£ infwxfaraonal laiaticmahipa, with which the paepia
hava tha daaira to davalop in than a Bmaam of aalf-confidanoa
and th» aaad to find opportunitiaa ios* fiowth and paxaonal
Aldaifar'a firat iavai of aaada ajciatanew ineludaa Naaiow*a
phfsioiagicai naada and aaf^ty eata^eriaa ineiading pay« fflngt
banifita and woiklfio eanditiona* Aldarfar*a aaoond lavai •
naiatianaaa aaeaMpaiaaa iiaai«w*a aeeial and mmtmim iaraia ma
ineiadaa aaoh aignifieaat pacaona aa ttmily mmtbrntm, e»-woXka»,
ifcagdinataa* avpaxviaoxs* ata. KiABtimt indieataa that tha
baaiiB iBfiatflMita of thia aaad ia ahaxia^ of Mitiiaiity. Par hiii»
laiiatadnaaa naada axa diatiji«aiahad f xaa meiatMiiea naada ia tlia
12
tumm that *tlie pjoocsss of •«tisfaetloii £oc «Kist«aee ii««<lji
Th» cc»lncia«nc<i of Fajilew*s ego e«t«gory aa^ Aiaiezf«r*0
x»lftt«<toes8 isi»d crxoMfth eate^rias am diacmxnOitm* i**^ualmt
GosebixmA the intiennal &n^ exMmal asp«eto of eoo iMMtds «d»SBaa
ftl^jcittr li«&8 *ep^E«t«t! tliestt two factors. TO Al<3acfer« ^scmtli
inciitdtta, the indivldiiftl^Q aesira for M2f-«onf idence, cxnativa
ana productive* engagiia In paPobieiRe or tiutke trtilch ni<|tii£e hits
iaK3t only to u t i l i s e hie caj^toities folly* tmt^ also to deireloi^
aiSditlonal e^$«2>ilities or aSUllle.
yhmi tlhiese etudii^ ace reviewed, i t i e notict^ that i s
midtifyling t : 3lcm*3 aj^ro^ti ^Idecfer <3oeis not cieeu xi that loi^r
leirel needa imiet be eatiefif^ I Bfore hi^lier o r ^ r oeeae eBierioe.
fmm another eepect* Wi iebe and s iraeel l (1976) have eriticieed
the aeeeptexiee of ltiMXew*e need hiesecehy withottt anf
critieieM «e i t leeke eaipirical mriamxem for tsein^ sc ient i f ic .
It i e eleo betreyed by i«aslow*9 (19S4) apologetic eatpreision
that the **•.• reiport <on eelf^iristnelieetion) i s pree«mted tiith
due apol«9iee to thoee whe ineiet on conventional reliability,
velidity, saiipling, ete." in this eentejct, tfenous and eiraaiy
(1977} have sufported Alderier's (1973) hierarchy of the three
aeedst existenoe, celefeeteees and 9So«#th needs (S.R.G.) by
their e«pirieal verification.
The other theory relating to job-aMBtivatlon has been fut
focvesd by lterirfber« et e l . ( iMi) «fhioh providee us a different
view. Yhey toave««thereiee, ncwenclatnied i t ae eiotivetor^
IS
hf^fimn ttmoxy or two Caetor ttwory,
Tlis ts&tk^&tor^isjfgimm thnocy was mBtv^mxmd by mnkmxq,
tUtttmer ana anyteiaaii ( X ^ i t ) . Thiy •xt^ndea ttw F«slow*8
loz^ aii<3 <!l«velop«fi a atMMSifio ccmtejct therory o£ watk notiiratiaa.
stttdiao by BrayfiaXd ^m& Crocsket (JLtSS) aa^ Htr»b«c9 e t « l
(JL9S7) Qze^tly tielfitta mstSbetg anti his asaoeitttea In
£onRulatinc tha theoxy* ttm notivatin^ factots airs aimilat;
to those o£ l^asioi^ hifilMir Ie%'@l nsaCls. m IndivtdttaX ratst
h«va a j«ib with chalianQiiif; eontent in osater to ba tjculy
motivatad. Ttm tiygime factors axo coti^iy mtn^&X to Ifasiow's
i«»@r lev^i naeSs whioh pxwv»nt dissatisfactiao but <^ not
iaaid to satis£actii»}. HiCi^c(B*s thaoxy* howsver* highlights
tim content of «^£V raotiwat^m,
HsmbavB ttt al« ccsHliietad Motivational stu^y on AcooitntMits
and mqiMMmat in VkttttmK^* f<»nnsylw«aia. Thsy tiswS c r i t i c a l
incidaat mithoa m^ s«aii«tx«MStuxal intsxviews for obtaining data
for tha analysis* Thay eonclitdad that Achiawsswat* fbaeo^^ition,
Naturs of wexk« itaspsasibility, and Aidvaaoawsnt waxs aiotiwators
or jab cootsnt faetocs. fisitoxs who wars dissatisfiad with
ths i r woxk spoka mdUily of jab eentaict or hy«i«na factors* which
ittcl»dad eonpany policy* Adninistration* suiparvision* woikinQ
Conditions* a t e . irhsir inwastigations nnraalod that satisfaction
and dissatisfaction do not aicist in tha sasMi csntinuvun. Also*
tha affaot of notirators on ths Job att itadas ara salatiwaly
aaditriAg aa cosqpacad to hygi«aa factors.
Tha •MOtJ^a^or-hyfiami thaorsr prowidad a groat inpatas for
14
tlw sti^y of Sdb motiffmtitm \mt i t WAS net uiiqttttatl«n4ri»3«
i60»jpt«d hy ttm psyeheloyivt*. VXOQM U9M) i»irl«ii«d ttiat tlw
tdio factor coocluoJUMi w«ai iMSoiy eno of tlw ii«tiy ecKKiliisiocia
ttiftt ooold b« drsMo fjpesB mai:mxq'» mmt^mh flaaiiiQ* "teo
eoyl4 aJL90 «rgiw that th» fol«tiv« tmaamncTf with wliich j«l»
cont»xttt«I £aat«ic«8 trili b« iMmtiiMMkl ma sou tee of sAtiaf action
«iul d(i«8«t iff fact ion dffpffiulOQt on th« iMitiiiro of tho conteint
4>ad eontoxt of woti^ xolmm of that xofftKNadtnts**, VCOOR eitotit
thtt cl«ftffic ottidy of «ff«aiift>iy iine tforlcon ()f«lk«r and (li«fft«
i9Sa} to ffiipport his intoipxetation» Buxko (it66) ftcgaed
that iiBnS3erQ*s two f«cteir theory should bo etmmi&^VB^ as on
ovsr simplified loprosoetstion* Kwin (1964) coBne^tod that
sines only naninosro mnA MK»ont«nts psrticipstsd ia ths study
ths fosialts iiMiy not bo sfiplicsbls to othsr occupational rou};>s*
furtlisr, MtnftMicil's study tasod only sssiiostnietttsmi intoxvisws
to SMMsiirs Job sttitudos. C«qpboll snd Fisko (1919) critieisod
this sspsct snd stsssasd that nosd for siors than ons iMthod
•f SMssitrsasnt coyld bo saiployod to dolinooto jcb sttitudos.
Afioeiding to tbMk mmiboro alXowsd bis Msthedology to dstscBins
his loso l t s . Osnorally psoplo sttsfibnto good losolts to thsir
own oisdit and blaas etbscs for bad sssiilts, this lusmsn tondaney
Fiodstoxiiinsd NSnftMirB's findings, tnon (1944) Has ^ointod
oot tbat« thst»9h« ths wsssors of ovorsll Job sstisfaotion has
bostt inclitdBd in idis stody by llinl»ox« and his oollssgsos* ths
fnotois oanslng ovossU Job sstisfaetion or Jsb dlssstisfnetioii
bsvo not boon sssossod, Nysvs (1944) i s of ths vlow that ths
vsriatblss «f isoting a«tiiratlon n«y Hsvo ^ i t o diffosont
i f
• f f«et« en pxodhictivity than what i t i s ptmmmmA, Wot
iit«t«iic«, gfowth f«9tors ixnrai « lositiirtt •€«•«:« en |»coditetivity
Aod atiiMilattt nRploycm* t o woyic • f f«e t iv« ly whil^ tiygimM
f « e t o n loduc* iMCoductivity K«i«tino to ttMi typ« of work* tmO.
di«««tisfAction «fitb vacious ttrnprneto of tfm Job* ftali» «nd
a»itT^ (i967) baro also highiighitta tbft two factor thaocy.
TliBir xo«uit« do not sitpfioit tiicidMitv's eonttotloiis in th«
•onto that tha i r findinga andoraa thn tKttditionai tbaory wtiieli
hoMa tliat any vori«£>la in ttta job aJLtoation can b« both o
aot ia f iar and a d isaat ia f iar . Vhay« hnwevsr, OQiniid with
HiCii^c«*8 viow that p«aa«!tca of a variablo tends to malce a
Job d a a i r ^ i e . fUnton ( i 9 M ) doubta tha x«lii9i>i2ity of
cv i t ieo l incidonta aa • toehni<iao of MiaaiicinQ Job aatiafactifsn
md aiao thinfca thctt tho t«fo>f«ctor thao«y ia net v o i i d .
icing ( i t t o ) pioaantad f ivo diffOnmt rmtmimm of the ttpo-
factor thaosy. Aeoosding to tha f i r a t voxaien, a l l aot ivatom
whan <i«a»)inad to«ithar oontcllNito aiora to Job oetiafaetion
than to Jab diaaoUafaction and, i f , a l i hygiano oonbinad to«athar«
thay oontflbiito BMSO to Jab diaaotiafoetian than to Job
aat iafact ion. rba aneend vavaion naaunaa that o i l aotiiratora
togathar oaotdbiito amro to Job aotiafaetion than to a i l
hygiano*. and a l l hyfianaa togathar eontrlbitta MK»I:» to Job
diaaotiafaetioB than to tfaa sot i rotora. Ttaa thixd von ian
atotoo that oaeh Motivator oontribotoa to Jab aatiafoetian
t h w to diaaotiafostien. Vaurth wofiaion atatoo that oaeh
pi^»eic>«l hygiono eontfibotea aioxe to J«b diaaotiafaction than
i#
to any iM»tivator* wad oonvg—ly> •aeti prlacipal i» t i i r«t«r
eentxllnittts Jfil» 0«ti«faction tbao to any hygiAiifi. ITho f i f t h
vonien says that i t i « eniy tha atotivatoni who datamina Jab
diaaatisfaction. Kaxria and lACke ( I f74} hmra put foxwasdl
•umiwhat siaiiJUir CiadiiiQa« thut white co i ls r votkem ^mr@ mom
i iko iy to aariva aatiafactioii mx& diaaattiafaetion tmm
*aiotivator* avanta an^ bioa eoilttr vatk»x» fcoai "hy^«»iea"«
Bal^it ana nahiinf (1972 > fotuui no m a i imwfost for *QiDWth*
and *»aiiitaBanca* aaakam. Ac^oxaing to thaai •intcizuiie
variabXaa ax* gmfiaraiiy aioso potant than axtsinaio irafiiibiaa«
and ovarai i satisfaction ia inora i?xadiet«l>le than ovoxali
disastisfaction.* f«itacs and i«it«cs (1972) did not atippoxt
tha hypethaaia that dtfwnca nachaniaiea oporata to attciJbiata
«nf«v«ural>Xa ontecwiaa of aitoationa to otbara (aittxinaie)
and favounblA oitUdiaiaa to ona a * l f ( i n t r i n s i c ) , j^ccoxding
to GvigaiiJUinaa, a t a i (1971 > (M-R) thaovy pxadictiena bava
baan saplioatad thxoagh tha aoqiianea of avaota nttthodoiogy*
b«t Whan altaxnativa wathodoiogiaa ax* titi i isad^ inccmaiatmit
vaaulta a n o f t ^ ohtainad. xtaai rat ing and rating
pxoeadiasaa hawa baan aecxuad to pcodue* ixxalavant data for
tha atady of Jab attitodaa* Thaxofora* a atudy for eenparing
tha two iMthadologiaa waa cen^btctad and a naaaura of ralavanca
waa «btainad ia oxdar to dataxnina i t a offact on producing tha
aMplricaX inooaaiatanciaa. Tha xoaulta ahowad that ratings
•ad ranlcinfa of itaas awasuring Job sttitudaa wara oaotaiAing
too aany inoXvvoBeioa* 2B addition to irraisvancy^ tha
IT
£ailui« of £«tiaQ and ranking «£ itWBs to ittplicttttt (H-ff)
th»OK3r« pfttaietiotMi «•«• tc be furthtr Oam to tha bias**
pcpAMSotf by social M«lrability# vcOuo systems and
niaiat0ip«atatio»8 oc rointoxpcotiftiORs o£ iteii^ by tba
mrt^bmgg*& stodel h&s not drawn mmh attontion i» Ibdio
tot maeexoh emploxmtijoti9, r ostXy tfa» imreatleators hav«
mi4icat@d his oi^sftriieoistal d«»i0% «BCS Imve, £uUy or partialiy*
eiidor««^ ttm originai fia^tin^ (sasveawora IUK»# i976« 1971,
1973; saxveowasa mo md Qui^l i , 1971# 1972i «3&htar ana
nhax9av«^ 1974| Beau an& Pe«toiiJ«e» 1974}• raat«ii«ie«
Akhtar m^ onivadi (1971) part^ially «^stafitiatG timS»Qrc*a
contauticma. It «ras xavat&l^ that tba wsemsmix: lenasdbhsve a
Qxeat influaacm on iforkera pajcoapticm ot variems factors
eontributiiif; to satiafactioii or diasatisfaetioa* psstonjaa and
liaatt (1972) too hae<m partially a«ipi«>xtad Haxiiiare*a two fa«stor
tbaory o£ jab »otiration, 9hia atiady waa eonduetad with tha
balp o£ a job aatiafactian «|aaaticimaira» Other invaatioatora
hava andaareucad to taat tha namirality of HandEtarg'a ooiitantiaii
biat tha raaiilta do not anaiiaiToeally auppoxt tha thaory and hava
failad to aatabliah a elaar out aatiafiar disaatiafiar
diehotaaiy (rriadlandar* 1943, 1944, 1948| Swan at al», 1944i
oxaian, 1944, 1948| l4ihiri and shrimiatava, 1947| Graaa and
Main, 19441 Kia«, 1970i saliMn, 1970i ASMatnmo, 1971f
• m a , 1971f tlilia and Matara, 1971t Oaxdaa at a l . , 1974f
Uekm at al«, 1974f fiataca at al*, 197S).
i t
ditemioia^ tlw basic seuxces of notivstlon «t tfox^. Tho
pvoottss tlMiori«« a n mois eoiic«cn«4 with ideatifyloo tht
v«rldbl«s that ^ into ffiotl'vatien, ana BOZ« i»pajctialXy» tht
way thi»3r xielattt to ona aaottwr. SKpaetancy tlitory (Vfocua,
191(4) i^ze««at8 aa aXtamativ* to ttao eoBtwtt maG»iM, which he
£alt ^mm iaade<ia«it« «i3cpXaR«tloiui o£ tho conplax pineaaa o€
woiSc Motivation • VxocMi*8 Ptodol was tmilt on ths eoneajpt of
valsnea^ «»gpectaiicy aii<3 thft outeoma hanrinQ ths basic assmj^leo
that the choica mads by a pmmoa 9Mmg altexnative sources of
action am lawft»lly xnlatea to psychological arents occacrlnc
contaatporanaously with the bahairieur«
Valanca lasans the stxen^h of an in€Ulvidual*s pesfozaiEinca
for a particular witoem&, Xt nay also b« tmMsm6 as inc«Kitiir«,
attitttte or ojqpaetsd u t i l i t y . Ths socona variel»ltt, SKpactaocy*
i s tha piobiJbility that a paitlcalar (first laval) action or
affoits wi l l l»9A to a particular oatcoiRo (tMKscmtii lavol), for
OMVVilo* to assoM that an inOividttal dasirss ji rcaiotion and
fsals thst sii|>arior forfosKanea i s vsry strong factor la
aehS4nriB9 ths tfsairsd goal. Mis f irst laval outeosias ara than
Stts>axior, •PSiaga or poor patfoaaaaca. Hia soeond laval oittcono
i s proMotlon. Tha first Isvsl outeaiM of hioh paxfoxiBaaea,
thus, aeqittixos a psaitira valanos by wixtua of i t s OKpected
rslationship to ths pgafaxrstf ssoond laval outeona of psonetion
(ttmt Mftd mn, l f i » ) .
V«ooMi*s thsory i s aiffaront fcosi thosa of Maslow an^
19
mxwimvs mm i t <tepi«t« a pmemmm of emg^tkvm v«rlal>JUi« that
wflflct Indivi^al dll!f«miic«s In work miQtirmtitm, Ytomt f«il«d
to dssedlMi wimt tlw eontoat i s maO. titiat tha individuAi
dt£for«Retts «M. It aoes not amlc« siioeific auQfpstiocia for
tMMttn tiotivtitian in ot^^mim^ixm*
Vs%KW*8 ttiBory only iiidicat«s tbf» eonoftiKtuai dotejEiKiiUffltts
of motivation miS. thoir xoiaticm. His nodNil has onocQH^ as «n
inisoit«nt oodBcn thiojcy of i«os:ls motivatioo. 2t soeogaisos th«!
conpisoiitits of liOJEk stotiv^ktion* saRpoetmiey wodsl i s l iko
»«ijcyin«2. Moals^is in ocoiKiaiics.
Moffosd (1971) stcortglv mia&^xwam the oaii^octsiicy tbsioi^ «EI
cor^iuaas timt i t 1ms a «i»ator prcniso for undantiaidinQ ms&
pgo^icting j«3b Motivation and satisfaetioa than oither Masioir*a
nosd hiora»eh|r or mo0>mt%i*m two factor theory. Daehior ot al
(If73} hova attsmptad to xoviaw tha eoaoa^^tualisatioit and
•Masitcanatit of SBstxumintality theory IJI two orginiaatiofis,
Sapport for tho major linka iit tha iwDdal was found in ona of the
orvMiisations, while the results froei tha other organisation
9MMiraIly failed to sappoct the hypothaais. Speeial attaatien
i s Qivaa to the potential ii^paet of orvanisetional amriroranent
on employsas eo^Bition and SN»tivatioe* shsiidso at al (lt7S>
studied the eKpeotaacy sradal of Vrocsi in relation to woxit
perfosswaee. iJt incentive workers participated in the stitdy.
The data indicated that the total eiipeetancy model was a velid
indicator of jsb perfosmenee, althoa^ih the variaaees aiqplained
by tha variotts parts of the theory ware low*
20
mmm diff«i«nt eoocXusioos mXatwl to validity and
pmdictatoiJlity of •xpsctancy ttwory c&a hm dcaMn which,
•eeoidinQ to f i l loy ^ • ! (1976} «K» «• followst
iX) 3n gatrnmU oaoli variil>lft poxtinont to valu«/«xp«ct«ey theoxy liea htmn fcmnd to hcrvo aignif ic«Lnt pxadictive fmmrB in mmm atudics, but not in c^bera.
{2} ths! mmt eonaiatentiy po^itiva findinf^ involva the expactaacy th ft poxfoviBance wil l moult in axtcinaic sovaxda, ana that intrinsic satisfaction will msvilt firom the ymtk i t sa l f . ThBsa vari«^las allow xathar coosistant^ stat is t ieal lv sifftifleant, associations witV affoxt and pB]:foxm@.nee«
(3) tjoicihiisg t te aaqpeetaney that pBirfoaspaiKNi loads to xotfasds by timt value plaieod tm osctrinsic lovaids doss not jUapjrovo poller oC pxodictioGt ovor th&t dataintid by nming the unwiifi^ed ej^aetanoy timt patwttktmmncm loads to sawaids.
(4) Tho theory i s limitod to CHynditicms «rh@r8 sva>Jocts hawet tha i9S(|Giisito idsility* aieeurata sole foreaptlons, «3d aeeurato poseoiB^imtB of oentioQant rsifasds.
(5) Tha liattar e«mtxoUad tha study (in longitudinal analysos and laboratory imrastigations) the mom support wi l l gsoarally l»a shewn for tha theory. The superiority of •iteh carefully eantiolled i^ppioaches over cross-•oetisnal studies se^gssts that eioss-seetional tests sssttlt in «mder*estisKates of the theory*s prsdictive validity.
It was porter and Lawler (1918} who rnfioed and oxtonded
Vgoeii*s SMdal to estiblish the ralationship between satisfaction
and pecferaanee based on the Motivation wodel. They started
%rith the prwiise that Motivation i s not ocjuivalent to sattisfaction <
And for paiCoflMMiee, awtivation, satisfaction and perfosnanoe
aio a l l soparsto variables and xolate to different ways fra« whet
was tieditic»n«lly esswfd. Isrtor and lawler point out that
effort does not dioaetly load to pertowisnoe. I t i» iMdiatod by
ai
4A3ilitl«s/tr«its «id K»lo paxcAption* Itoxtar and hmlmr
VMxlel a«i|i«|Bsts that jaaxtowtmnem i««di« to Aatisfafitiem which
i s •ignif leant effact of mmntm fro» traditional thinking*
atoilt^r to tl»st vso«m*s «ROdtel, the £>oi:t®r and Lawlar isodei
i s an <9aKi>«tctex}cy model baswl <m thoory ot iwcttivatiGm. This
inoclel htts Courv^rii^lBs* viv** effoxts* psxfoisnanoa, tmtmwd
exid satisfacticm*
ihe variable "offort** xelSors to the aiAOunt of energy oaeazted
by an anployee on a giiren task. Effort i s m»re closaly xelatod
to ffiotivaticsit tl^n to porforsNuic^. Tho sPMBunt o£ effort
depends on the interaction batsmen the v&lue of the reward and
the perceived effort reward probability, The value placed GK
reward depends on i t s degree of attractIvetutss end 4tesir«bility.
The pereeivml effort reward prob^il ity mfars to the eR9)loyee*3
pesoefytien of the prebability th4rt: differentiates rewards
which depend on differential eeount of effort.
The se^md variable, "perforsHUiee**. represents the
prepiatic sewilt th«t organisations can be ateasured objectively.
PerfoBeanee depei^s net only en the sMOunt of effort exerted
but also on the person's ability, e .g . , jdb knowledge and skill«.
the way the Jc^ i s defin«d« direction of efforts, and the level
of effort thought to be neeessary for effective perforsianoe. All
these onsMilatively contribute to the role perception.
The thirdi variable "reward* was inelnded by Porter and
l4srler in their SMdsl as a single veriable but later they
divided i t into extrinsie and intrinsic eetegories. Thsy fsel
22
thtt th« Intriaaic tmnxAn ar« nach nor» l ikely to pwoOiacm
•ttimaAiS to ««ti«faction wbiyeh ax» fointofl to poxfoxaHMSOi.
fUxttiOinonif |Ni««Mivo0 oiiitltablo xowozdo v i ta l ly offoct the
Tito last variabli "aatiafaetion** i s not the mmm mm
BSfifvitatioa, It i s «xx «ttit«do, an intoniiil co^oitiim stoto
which i s obviouvly not Motivstion. tn this nodsl sstisfacHSiion
i s only mm o£ the viMti4i^les which i s 0mrlym& txam the saiEtsnt
to which this setusl wmmwSim f s l l shoKt« wmmt or swcood ths
p9xmea*9 jamwc&i'wmS. aqpitabln level of inmsiedia. 3stisfaction
i s fSmtrnmin^ cmly in i^ct by tha actual xntwaxd cocoived.
After tha original f^rter^t^sirlar mioeml, Z avlar <1^3) tias
pJEOfiosad sovsral refioaniants* He foals thdt tbe^re are tii&
types of aspeKrtancieait tha S --——— p aatp^staney OE^ P • 0
oiQWCtanGyi both of which naka an iaimt into affort or notivation.
Thara ia a multiplieativa ralatiooahip batwaon tha oxpectaitcy
factors. Tha su^gsstaa z«^lar a<|ttatieo for a«itiiraticn nay IM
syabolisatf asi
t f for t 1 (1 F) X {P 0) (V)
Tha f i n t «^paet«ney (t '' ' F) ia tho parson's astiauita of
pcabdBiility of aooeaipliahin^' tha iiitaiida4 partosaanoe • Tha
soeeod axpaetaacy if •——> o) inrvoliras tha pacsoo*s astioatiaii
of tha likolihoodl that parfoflnanea will load to particular
laarlar fsals that tha siii«lo Most isQioxtaot dstaminant
29
of tlift S ——> P mMpmctmcj Im th» «ibj«etiva •ituotion.
tSommmXCAtiiOfaM twam othscs «x« »aMi of tlw waior inputs in to
tho porson's pozeovrtlon of tho situatioo. ttm p^non^m
P^goaptXMm of the P —.— 0 wq^octancies i« infiuonced by nflny
of the satea factors as tho K -—— p «icp«ct«ney. The
aitom^tivertoiia of oatceraesi, th» E •—«<-1> oxiiectancy, will mil
imy9 m i«i»ct on the r«®«»o«*« P — - 0 oatpectAfiicy,
Lairicir (3.973.) Msisolf viauaXiae€l th» iiiodto(|ki«ey of hia
S<»«t»lttt«9 f xm he 0ttfigo9tod« "2£ wo tsy to pioAict a s»nion*9
bohanrieur using oar raodoXs a oa i f ws ^ther ooiiqplote data on
a l l Ills or h@r i3efCO|4:ioi} of oxistln^ xoletionships vm s t i l l
niQht pxedict tjeh^viour im»xxeetl|r tteoemso our modml uould be
tx^ coBiplwK to allow for valid prsdicticHns* •
Znequity theory of i^em^ (1963) arguas ttmt a najor input
to 5«l> |4irfoi»e«ie« &ad s«tia£<«MCtion i« the iikiQcao of aqoity that
paesOa pamaive in thsir work situation, in other %#oi€ls, i t i s
aoothar eo^Ritiaraly basad sMitlvational thsory.
tor sons tyi* of ths mm^Cm, a parson *s parformanea laval
for tha tiling that f u l f i l l s tha naad i s affaotadi by a soeial
ossq^rison vcsosas. JMeoidin^ to aqoity theory^ a parson
owipasss his pay (or othar job banafits) with that of woikass
who baira a s i » i U r j#>, s l i i l l and sanioKity. Xf a parson's
pay i s hl^^r or lass than pecson(s) essiparad, ha wil l pancaiipo
i t to ba iasqpiitabla.
Ths a ^ i t y thsory, pmsaatly, i s ssaswhat in a stata of
transitioii, Wkwl ana iiaiday (if71) hava ssssiMiUfl that in
24
s»ewst d«y« tlMt cvMwcetiers «m €tfme«mtrdtio9 on tht matlvaticnal
iMpilCdtlcms o£ thtt tlMOi:) of iiM^uity.
Mm9 and Jkqpoxtenc*
The pcesont stutSy may be a»«BMia to b« oignifitcatit £r«i6
«9p«ets« tor iii«t«ic«, s»seaix»liee3 henm uamalXy stKtdl»(3 mei%iy
oam or tno gcc^ps OIK hav@ drawn th»lr c&oxshiaixmst about Jcib
Motivation V€ry onbitloiisly. Zt i» not to be if^iorta that the
results alK3»2i3 not be coBpared i f in different mtisAi&n (3i£€«treQt
tOQle «(£« ttse^ or tbey Itave cone out through different
iMthodoiogies* A easefisl aertitlny of the iiterstiire tf^t
we t»ve oitea xmmalB that since tha @tn% of HDppoek C193S)
6i£fexent groups ec^ their Job AK tiirfttorst h^ve l^en 9twQ$»€^,
yet new ena eomrineinfi un^rstsnding ot Jel> laotivntion has
developed only a£ter the fubileetlAn o£ mnber«*s (19$9) two
feoter theory* This e«n be rseiised by the folXowine table that
the stitaies conducted on diffeient segMnts of eetpleyees*
S.ist of the £ew studies oendiieted by verioiis aethers in xeesnt s>est
1 , snQlneersi Green, (19it)i lAndy a » 7 i } | aerveswere lieo (197)}, «infi^ (197»}.
2, angteeem it Asestrong (1971)
1. inelaeefs end Anrey* oewhirst end BoUng (1976). selentistsi
as
4 , SystMl •BQlA«ttC« 1014
6* Foxwtaiilt
7. Tvetmiciaitttt
e . iwdio and T.v.
9* aelmit ist , Msxkexvt
10* ae lent is ta and
]l l . s tate A/gmcy employassi
1.2 • wanbPWUiisiQt
14• 7rad« OBiooi
I S . a^lmmnmt
I S , AiffBan
17. HWfli
19 • MllitAry Offic«n« Civil li«i«fps«t
19 . toliec and 0«icy
ao. poiiMi
a i . S^lagnph md V«ll^llOIM«|
aa. *ra«etMiist
aa. Lif« aitfofaBoat
Vnneli, Mitaxsky and Vxantar, (iwa) HsnAiaz^, MKiffiiar and anydaman (ltS9)i Wifiiiaioiit, (19M}
Batlar (19S9« 19S1)« i r i a and Banat t (1973)
HiAXietiaa and KiacMdnd (1967)
mtmrm* nomh and B«tlia (1973)
tawler a»d nai l (1970)
mmimmt, Toxan and ftapall (1970)
Baizttd (1976)
Kat»oll« Barxatt and Paxkar (19«1}
DMTia and Mian (1970)
dalati (1969), Haalay (1964)
»mcmrU:h (1976), taxehnar (196S)
mood (1969)
l latar* dt lu^a «id amgar (197S)
MitolMll and 9oxtar (1967)
^ h t a r and Bhaxeanra (1974)
adiarrld and Baaeh (1976)
Glioah and «taikla (1967). mtHmm and LaMlar (1971), Ki» and MHMMir (1976). «toaa and fbxtar (197S)
Paatanjaa and Aklitax (1969). MttUaa (1963)
Hatfltii and Taxai (197S). selnaidor (1975)
3«
24. 8ttt<tefit«t
3&* mm tsap&xvl&QKY vmaumMlt
a6« fmm9l9 ai«rl«al8t
27« Xa^ustri^l and
2B. sxttctttivejf
39. Clocks 4iQa (ffisxiai
30. Bluo and ^hits Collar
31 , Mlilte coll^ir t«oc%«nii
33 » BXU« Collar floi^onit
33. Wmmmlm mgfkmrmt
34. Mil* and r«M«l« Morkftiat
3S. Udt»or ma nm»g/mmnt
3€. attpavflaocs and
BMXlM (19««}« Evans (1971)* Clibacii ana fttat (197S).
I8tthea« sloeas) &oi& Chaoo (1971), Mitara a 9 i 9 )
ifttlla (1966), tfatera and Hatora (1969)« »fllli«raion and Kaxraa (1970)
GojnSai}« Pxyor «i^ iswxia (1974), Sacvaavasa Rao (1973) »0£tc3«i (19S7)« Faatonjaa and 8aaii (1972)
liabar (1971)
Ommixig» wA Btgnlxm (1976), Oaaai (1966), l^daaiantSar (196S), f ^ l a y (1974), flarris and locica (1974), locka (1973), mffcsa (1971)
rrlAdlandar (1966), limniniia (1970)
Mcbtur and Fastaajaa (1969). Manibarv (196S), llndaay, Marks and Gorlow (19€7), Hal t sar and XMdwias (1966), Orpan and Maddan (1973), Matoojaa, juch^ar, Dwivadi (1971), Saxkar and Fa^aik (1967), Sharldan and al^aai (1979), Sinlta (1973), alnha and sghAmm (1962).
MildJlay (1970)
QKmm (1966), (Slann, trayler and N»«irar (1977), Main (1969), liicholaan. Brcwn and ChttAwIck, (1976).
Hlas (1973), itenan (1976), Sarvasirara Rao and cwipati Rao (1973), spaxoff (I9 i9) , atuwemvimh (1972).
fiilln and flnith (1967), 9nr«ar (1961), ilMWi (1971)
s«
(1970 )• X.«liiri and siiriv«st«v« (19<7)» t«eli« and Wliitiao <1974}. 8*1*^ and Otis (1964), Sp&lUiitt (I9TS), StMkar (1976), Molf (1966).
3t* sapecvisont 8«bbit aiui Bahllag (1972a, 1972b}, (5xii*iif«ld (19«2}« mnb9xg (196S}« |i|«t«ai and Osva (1975), mhnA and HKiMwan (1970), s c ^ a z t s , JMHiuaaitia md staik (1963), m—Km (197S), Miia«aeb«r and Gcuanfeld (1966).
Wa Ciitd that job t^tlv&tlon o£ BKma«ars, «agiiiaQSs, blue and
white c o l l a r woUeem and supexviaoca h nre baass m3«t extensively
Jjivesti^ati^, The coa^riacma in moat of the atudiea wera not
very araticmal &mC lo^ic«il. Koatly di££ezem::ea in jcb m»tivatic»i
due to differencaa in tfoxk role variablea baire been studied.
Set Alchtar and Bhargava (1974) apprMwehtd the pnablem with a wider
pempeetive. They express that "different woik-rotle variables
aacereise a diffexrential e f fect on the wojckers ai^ the ir e f fec t
i s Mediated to a eonaidaxiiftle extent through oreanisational
e l ina te s .*
Nsesdao in Hind the dbove snggestitMi, we have selected
four psefessional gsoitps, v i s . * leaehars, n»liee personnel*
lawyers, and Fliysieiaas. It stay be pointed out that job
aiotivaticm of pbysieians and laMyvrs have not been studied as
yet thoufih they ate mong the ia^postant pcofessions in our eouatcy.
Ths studies en teeehexs and pel iee pexsonael are few. lie have
also kept in siind that these professional troeps not only d i f f e r
at
Jin woi i folc v«riiftbte«, th»f also woxk uadar diffenmt
organiwiticmal elinattes. Yhoa, «MI toenre •pptaeiatad to eemaidar
thtt twoKk CQl« ana ojr KiJb«.tiemoX iraxl^I«ii togtther. Th»
poiipe {jacsonaei tioik tiiK3«r Autocratic c3UiRat«« the toacham
woxic i» aMMKriatic set up* whila tha lawyora ana ths jphyaicians
ifoik in I4ioo«atic all%tdti<m».
Ttu our imotfJUidgfty tho j[<^ ntotivatiim o£ timtm four
pioSoASionsl 9»oitp8 hoa hmaa 9t»dl«!d £or ttxi f irst tiam mad
alcm<| with i t iBnovatiGn metho^lo^ tmm fRadto i t mom uiii<po in
i t s «aq?irical fori^. Detaiia o£ the) pmsent atti^y are$ reported
in th« oocQisa chapter.
&mptmr xx
RtVHODOUKiy
Xm th« psttoiaiD^ cha^t«r W9 «ib8«nreid that jdb notivation
i s VictorXly cenplcQC ia m&tum am i t i s not a lo&«i factor but &
Mttitipls of tham that infliumcQ €8i«*8 notivation. im also
have Aotea that in osdmr to viiadttnitttiMl job iRotivation ths
satisfaction dinsnsioa esmiot be ifipoced <Biieci, 1964} •
G<ms<^u«ritly« the siettsasai^iit o€ KOtivatioQ end jcib satisfaction
ace the pcese^tisite of the pceeent sttidy.
varioiis sieasyiinQ aevices* such as Itankin^ {9etbod«
OtCMitiocmaixes m^ Daventocies* tmv^ been uaea for assessing
Jcb •etivetiof}. ^nioog these tectmi^^s. questionnaire has b«en
•ictensively iisea (ThoxB4ike« IfSSi Oiesigtoo and BergB»# 1941f
Rose and zandsr, 19Sti Butler* 19S9| Mesen and miavert 1960f
Itoxter* 19«lf Katsell, Banett and Pailter* l^eXt Xithlen,
19«lf rxledl«oder, 19641 6SMB« 19«6I Nslin* 196«f S.Ahiri
and Shriirastava« I9«7i Meters and inters* 1969; IiSirler and
Hall* ItTOf aoli»aB« 1976f «rans« 1971f Sloessi, 1971f Bsbbit
ma BehliR«, 19721 I0eke, 1973^ PesteaJee and Basu* 197ar
Sacveewara 9m* 1979i Binha* 1973r Bxlef snd Alda«. 197Si
Nateei and Verai* 197S| Oebem and Mint* 1976).
Iisiacin« awthod developed by Cattell (196a« 1903) has been
weed imt eedsntaadiao Jab M»tiTatien and satisfaction, AS a
iB
at
iMttttr of fact • •r l i«r stutftes (Cbvat, I932y mmmy* 3Lt36»
{if3r«i)it;t, £«ai«dim and mseck« 19$7y fibuser* 19389 litt«o« PatMinion*
19«7f Jiirgwi«oii« 1948f iMleh, 19«9i stagpMir* 1950} •iseliisiimXy
crniMiiiQH thitiMMiliws to the ut» of raaking neti^od. X«^r on,
imroatiiiafcors (HytXin« 1963t Singh mvSi hitmrtY* lt69y 3«loh
cua Ot&tt, 19649 &iitk« 196&9 ISiiasrcha m^ K&ylor« 1966i Swois
19679 mnton* 19669 iBlMcm, 19669 l^stoct|@e and ^htar«
19699 8«l«b mgt^ Hjt^0 19699 ifftnlnont ot ol«« 19709 ffUlioBiaon
a»a Kaixas, 19709 Ofi^^liimas an<S tloni rQ , 1971} iitills«i(3
this method. This i»»tlK)d, though not in imch 'vogm, in the
c@c»nt past* has not been total ly tlisc&sSsd hut i t s t i l l
e^aintains «mr£e»oy«
Rstini; scales hiffo not hooo uti l ised as f xsquantly as ths
rankin«f Natht»d, hut son® of ths isipostant studies hswo ussd this
tschni^pui (sehwMTts* Amusaitis and Stai^f 19639 Blfti* 1964;
HslpsiB, 19669 saxicar m»A V%tnaile« 19679 Amstcoag^ 19719
MaflaoMui and lAiaer* 19719 l«Kious and hmtlmtt 19739 Hias, 19739
Akhtar and Shurgovat 19749 Brosdline, 197S9 Shsrrid and ls«eh«
1976) fttr thsir ssssasch dssisins.
f^oiead choieo t«chni<|u« has also bsan usad {llttm and fttss*
19429 ^eoas and jaffexay, 1964} hut sosiaiihat occasionally*
Ths swthod of paifod ooi^paslsee i s ths othsr tsehniq|tto Mith
vhioh J«b BMytivatien has boon assassad (Oi»aiiisld« 19639 Moalsy*
19649 boelca* 19469 Orasa and nslin* 19669 llood* 19699
memm, 1969}.
10
Odb notiviatioa timm a lso bMm mmamwmm& by iatrntyfi^mfkng ttai
x»l«t«d subjects <ftoxa9« i9S3f 3poxDff» l9S9t OmtmxB sod
Biig«}tal« X966f CHlsU, ItC^r mxansy* X970# Dsvis and /O^Xm*
intlt miber, l»7lt Ut&m, 1973f Xioclctt and imitin«« 1974).
asnistiocsttissd intanpiAws h^vs baao uamA to study the jcib
attittidss Itundbacv at «l.» i9S9f ietmasts^ Jsimsaitlft and stacks
t9^t pestoBjea, iOthtar and Dwivaai, 1911). 2t bas to bs
spsciaJLly nsntionsd ttmt ttet^^tQsg at a l . (i9$9} Init ial ly usad
tbs intezvifiw tachni iiiA and eeRa>ined C r i t i c ^ Sbcident techaiqitte
(Flanagan* 1994)^ to davolop tbair Biotiiraticm*h]fQiene thoox^*
H his m»thodi>10fsical iimovation tias i^teoaiirely u t i l i s e s by
sttseaichers for studying; tbe Jc^ luotivaticsi, Zt has bean
WBpixieally daaionatrated that ra t ing and xwiOaGS of i^ms
aaasdvinQ job attituetes« to a socious axtwot* mm icvslsivent
(Matars« 19t9r 6ri§alliitnas and mnibmsg, 1971f tocli«« 1973y
Nataxs# P&meth and Batliii« 1973i UtCkm and Vfhitin<|» 1974).
MsiifcM«9*8 Mkthodelogieal appfoach i s not ffaa of flans.
liRBB <19§4), for instanea* has poiatad out that this iMtbod«
whsB tisad alona« i s biassd sinea i t i s aasy to rseall ineldants
fslating to pfiswiiilions, bat diff icult to raeall thosa whieh
follow no aohiavaoMnt. VioaH and Maiar C19A1) point out that
thaio i s a risk of considaring tha siibjactivo statanants of
tha indiiriditala as tbs aetoal mmumm of satisfaction. Thaxa i s
a tandaacy of tha iadivJUIttals to saa caasss of satisfaetlon
within th«BSOl¥os iBd« hsnoo« to 4ss«rlbo OKpariaacos involving
AoMsuraMMit, Maoopiitian and nranotion as satisfying while
SI
<ais9«ti«£ttctioii may IHI «ttrlbiit3*d to th« factor «acistinQ in tht
mBpriwmmmmt imthtjr than t\m pac^mal liiadNi0i«eie«* T%m wmmtchem
«rer« acMMi (jriiabar 1971 r SSxm, 1972) to test mxwSomxg'a
witivatlon-liyQiMmft theory maCt in bot^ of ttmr. i t was foundf that
tbtt sulyjQcts (tftiiirttrsit^ toachexv una ai«cicaX ata££) «t3cpx»««Qd
t l» i r initf»ility t o r«c«ll aatifyisg a^a dijM«ti«fyin«| t}«ip |WRingp
tnm %tmlr tfoclc l i f e , l Xso, ttw £«w trlio ccmXd Mcsall j Ksh
agqpexijtncotf 4i^ not fully a t t a i n the ••££«cts* as twll as ttm
*<9ai»ticiii* ot mtch «xpeslenc«ft. Ths invasti^tors concli^teA
tlia^ tlm criticitl inci(3eat tsKslmiQua CCMIM baxOly be «££activ«ly
utllixad in mxe cenrntcy to asaosa J«b e^tiiratiisii.
AS vag&xAs tim tmd^axmamt. of |db s«tisfacti<m sinas mid
tblct ias a distinct a iakanin^ i s n o t i c e tm&ntQ ptychole^ists
to undaiastMNS saad ijsvestlQate t l^ various as]^scts €s£ job
satistactisti .
Ml ajeallant cmriaw of dtefiniticms and neasueamint of Jfib
satisfaction has b«Ne»n dona by Muioua and Unrlar (1978)* Ttwy
diistiagaisbad batwsan ovsrall jcfe satisfaction with a paxti«tilar
fa«Mit of eoa*s jsb ( j .F .s*) . Ths varlotis opsrational definitions
«fhic»> hava boan jeaviaund spoeify diffarent %«ays of nsasuxlno
facet satisfaction and different ajpipxoaches to the ecsbiaatiOB
of data £f«» facet satisfaction as that overall satisfaction
can be SMMSitred. Thsse definitions also differ in the «e«tiin«
and kind of facets ei^loyod. mmm eMphasisa satisfaeticn in
different need aseas (ffscter* 19i l ) , while others Uy
•Uphasis en swuseiiaisnt of ccnerete Jcb factors sneh as pay
»t
and pxoaotlons (aRlthr K«iidl«ll and Itilia* 19i9).
OvttvsXl i«b sdtiitfaeticm I9 b^i«v«tf to be th« mm ot jfll»
Cacwt aatisfaction OBXDSS cnrexsill faoRts olf J«b. Many
xttseaxchars (acaffer, 3.9S3i Aicbt«r and l^«toaJ«e« 2f61i and
Swan, 1967} x«poxt«« a positive comiat ion b«t«M«n ttwi overaU
8«ti9f act lent and j«i» iaoit aatlafcietion*
^ha neact aipsoach viaoaliaaa i<A> aatisf MCticm aa a waiQhtad
8i» ot Jdb £ac@t aatiifactJUge, sena iavosti^tocs CBIcxtd,
i969f ana £wen» 1967} h«flr« uaad eatings concesniag tha is^sortanca
of Job facets to laoight tlva facat s«tiaf«K:tiofi9 tMifora suned&e
that;! to €)btais:i an ovacalX satisfaction scoxft, acaffar (19S3)
has 8bo»n t ^ t the corxalatlofi bati^een facet satisfaction aQ<2
otn»r«(ll satlsf«usticm Incsoasad as th@ emt®^ iieportet csce of the
facet Incfttaswa,
jfit> satisfaction has also l»«an opasatlosiallsa^ as tha sun of
9oal attaliiBMmt or aaodi fulfllliaent lAmn mmmatSt accoss $db
faeats* Foster (1961} and Aldarfar (1969} saam to ba la a^raaamtt
with this a^psoaeh.
(hrscall jab satlsfaetion oenasimids with Vtoon's (1964)
"Valanoa for a Job*** Zn addition to it* tha laqpesttfiea of a job
fscat i s slMilar to Vxossi*a "Valanea for a jab outosna*.
Portar (1961) daflnas sattisfaction as tha diffaaanoa batwaan
losponsas to a 'Now awch i s thaxa BOW* itam and rasponsas to a
*HSw aiach should thaio ba* i t s * . Mfaan thoos two itaas aio put as
a #i«rry to lavaal a mvbar of Jab faeats or naads# ths
diffaianeas aia ii—isfl aaioss tha jsb faeats to yiold a aajor
93
post of thft m^g»ll actisfoctioti. stitiMtaetUm km a»£inad am
a *«•• GosTttspcmdeneer h^ttmais xeiii£€>f>c»#r nystam of the tfoUc
«niris«»ii»«nt and tbe iiKlliriduai*s n««d8.«,* (Zoq^aist and Dtailm»
1969).
lACktt (196i>} b«llGves that only iiii^l£iii«d dasixes cmx9»
aiaa&tisfisctixm wtBoeaa •at&afiKStlcm i s fkm mmulti of a
Cf3S «iClson botvmen ftilfiXsiftat tm4 ^mtrms or id&ais* Dei SOR«
9tudi«« **ai«^2^ tm" ltm» ar® iisedi £or t t» os?aiirati<»sal
m««isur§i3 o£ •aesirea* or *i(2»{il8*« Tliis ap|>xoaeh i s vary much
u$mkXui: to I«>£t9r*s aipnstacb. Otl^r i]a.««8ti9ator9 x0c$3A,m ttm
xvispcmstents to think i» t^nss of ideal st yodaetSs or **«ti@t tliiy
wouia lika*.
m££etx!intiatloa bet% «iaQ tk« • aontldl So-Xa i^ti* ^id "lioitld
lika-Xa Uarn* appsoachta he highli^htad, The firat xepraaanta
«0i a ^ i t y ooBi|i«ria«m and can ba ataasiirad hy tha di»ori|>attcy
hat«iaan *i xMsId Ba** &ad "*!» non^ itaata tmmmm, 1963f ffoittaiaa*
It i ly Patehaa, 1961f Tartar and tmtXmx, lfM)« Diaeripaney
h«t«ia«Q "ifouXd lik** and **Zc {4ow* itama indicata tfhather the
indiviataal'a pmaant jab caaiaa elosax to hia idaaJL job or daairad
Job (lAOka* I f i t ) .
ifoiQhtad iaqport«Dea ratinga tmn alao h—n uaad to aMNunira
Job aatiafaetioo (ftlood, 19«»i Mlkaa and Hilin, l t i 8 i Vsoon,
1964)* tocka (19tf9)»hoifavar, arguaa that i»poxtanca ia alsaady
inclsidad in and mflaetad by aatiafaetion catinga. Tha findinga
of Mablay and I^eka (1970) land aappoxt to S«eita*a cxiticiaai.
J«b aatiafaetian haa alao baan dafinad in tofna of tha
94
4it£mmme» iMitifseii tim Smt»gtmic& of a Jisb facet i«d ttm jprnwempitiioa
of fulCilMMiat f goB a fwo*t (Bavr* I f M t 6Ii«mim, Ommm, anitti
and AUiir&ijIit, 1960» I3iilil«ii« IttfSr fa ts and ABdcaif, 19M; noaa
and Eaoaar* 19S7)* But Siraiia (i$€9} «^aaidNira tt i ia apptoacti to
l># t l»or i t ica lXy nomiiiigleaa* Zt ia af<0tt«d tliat t l i ia mm^&mh
f a i l a t e aiffexaottat® batwaan • l l l {^ In^ostaiica ^nd h%ii
^X£ll»a&t*> aniS **i«iif Inpoctaiicia aii^ lent flilfiSmant** • na a aiattac
of fact , tha aiattar eaabinrntlon i a jmch worn ^iaaatiafylfi i; to a
parson ttuus tlia foxia»r«
i^nmia a i ^ X^awlar (I,t?2) caioa to tlie eo»c2»9ion tliat *thexe
p£idbably aj?@ aav^cal t^jj^a of f@g4lss@a ttmt p@«>pla hmo^ %^hk:h
cmi hm e9^li&& o@tiaf«ictloo about th»ijr |«i>,«»«
Specific ififopnation oiNHit Jfiib satis£«^Btl<»n hmn b@«B daxived
by iw»afl»rifsf jdb attitudaa ttiroutf) tlie ansaoye iffit of <3it£ciri»st
toola ant! tMsliBi^aa. ¥ba amthoda itcj^t CNamincmXy t^pplSoi^ by
varioua invaati^atoi:* to tha past aiat AipitHialoiiiatJUs nattie^Ui,
Mtmt^imi* (QitiamI an<l ua^iiaadh ouoatlooaaicaaf aealiem
taeliiiiiittaa, and iMiizaet taolmi^fmia (»Iu», 3L9SO.
Ij^piaaalaoiatie OMitbada asa ooii-atatlatioal ifid asa baaad
cm the ebaaxvation of babairioiar and attitttdaa, fliay ean ba uaad
whan a haaty auivay Itoa t o ba mida or i t l a to ba appliad mm a
auff^Xanantary tacliii<;(iio«
<rha gaited lataxvioiM asa imipoaaful eoErvoraatloii in wliieli
tba iatarvloiiar t r iaa to obtain banaat and eooploto aaoiiani to a
aot of ^ a a t i O M . Ukm a^l intarviatfa, i t baa tha aArantae* of
n
f«e« to fftctt eoiit«ct. ffslkcr «nd Ganst (i9SI) mttmtitkwly
tttUiMd this t«el»i<|ii« to eoll«ct data iwm noikvra on oiitoiMbllo
aooonbly lino itMmt tht •eoxeoo of J«l» ootlofaetloii. lQ»xiilitMoor
U9Sa} oaod thim toct»i(|iao in lilo e«Ro»8 laotxoit otiiay* novo*
(19S3} intorrlowad 7 ^ doc ica l itoxltors and 79 f irst and —cend.
l ino otiperriw^ni in a lafno inoiiciaiico c ga aoy to adv ^Mt hia
concopt of indicaa of job aatiafaetion*
Ttw tmgaidki intajTriaw ia ehaxacteriaed by i t s nature of
tK9m dimiuasXmi end i l a i t s dafined by tlha intesvloifae* Those
am no apoeific aata 'o£ quastiona wbicb tba intaxviatior can
i»%Opt for hia invaatigatioii* Cari fiogra U942} ia one of tha
io^adora in prenoting tbia taehnticiao* The HEwtbomo aicit-intarviaw
baa yiolded mtm vary £r%iiti^l raauita dbeut iaK>our tiaxaov^r
(anitb and Masr, 1933 )•
gaaationnaira* aiUica Sjfm^, h«uS boon tba inoat f ovoiirad
inatstmaat bandiad by paycboiogiata. Vbe «M»at notaislo atudiea
of paat tew yaam bsva bean baaad an ipaatioonairaa which wara
aotil>iy oondttctad by tihidoxec^ (1914}« Koiatod (1938), aai^an
and Nataan (1940), aaKhMn (1941) and Trior (19S4), Thaaa
aobolara aaod <itM«tioimairaa for tba piirpoaaa of atodyino
ralatioaabip botwtan oeoupational atatoa and job aatiafaction*
BttlloA (1931) davalopad a aeala on tba linoa of llanpnok*a
qpioationnaifo. It bad lOS itaaia whieb wiaaiifod ororall
•atiaffaetiao. oioorly* wood (1944) aaad a aoalo and Harvay
(1910) a qaaatiSMiaiio for noaaaring tba aa»o fact, i*a.,
aatiafaetion tawaxda auparviaora. riaialinan'a (19CS) <|aaationaaira
M
v«« mutmTpBoum but ce&tA ana me%mit»& uttitudis toifAfda vitpttanrtoien,
Ma«Mpeli iiivd«ti9atieii« ^rincF the la«t d«cado« thouf^
pis«oeciipi«d with vaiidaticm or mpiMliatloD o£ ncytiiratoxwIiyQiomt
t))ociry« heewm isv&cietoX^ u»9<i q^ostiotmaixea (iiiXX«r «R<3 OiliOidul#
19i3f rrittdl-aiidttr, X9Mf Lftst«n and Oifi «« 19<Sf Hullii« 19«6|
l)iiRii«te, C«iBil»eXX «ii^ HRle « i96ti floaan« :i970y MildHay* 1970|
S4»fa»« 3.9t3}.
Xt tfoiild not be oyt of fslae® to wHmtJU ) ttiat the q^stionnairs
9tM6i»9 have ps»md the way for the deve2opn«at 43 seelee &n6
inventorize of Job setisfisetion* fhe ec«lee &a& iitvwritoriee
have utilixod the techai(|t2ee of fector enelysis and other
statieticttl wetboas to stanaardiee the toole. SMith ana her
aeeoeiatee initiated the i xneXX etudiee in 19S9« aiui developed
a tool ^X i^db oeeoiiptiire Xadex) for the wm»tmstmmt of ieto
aetiefeotioo (oeith, Xfi7}. VTocw (X9«4} beXievee that, **%hB
eaKteaeive wethedoXoQieaX woiSc uadiiXyiiig thie neaeitre ae vei l ee
the evaiXibXe mmgmm ehowid eoeece i t e widte epiead itee in both
leeeaxoh end preetioe** The aenw of ^X, detemiiied thxe»^ the
een^riee of induetrial em>Xoyeee of uoited statee of inorica,
eouXd herdly be mppXictblm on Xudiaa eofteere ae there i e a wide
eoeio««itXtuxeX end orgviieatioiiaX diffeieaee in the enviiening
fr«Be of the two oeentxiee*
31
Xn thtt pxMmmit study m Ymvm used two tools* • ! » • • <»« f o r
th« nsasuxoRoot of jci? inotivatlou and the other £or t l i»
a#soaanPM»it o£ job s a t i s £ a c t i ( » * \ ^ ha(v^ used a Job not lva t ion
• o a l o (J.M*S«> disvolopsd by ^b ives t i^ tor . Xt i s a 2S it«ii«
5-poiUit uatlnod r&tinQ scaXe. 16 i t«Rs aat o f 3S an* bssod on
ths fac tors origJLnalXy «octxaetsd frost Hendberfr «i»3 h i« «ssocittt«tfi
(X9S9). The iieirl.y IntxvidNaai^ itsios ers housinff* t ransport ,
tnodical, hssl th s u i t ^ l o f o r job» rsersat ion, liMnrs i^iJLcJtos,
f ee l ing of c«istei«n (^i the jGt>« sicsbllity wi th r o ^ x d to %foz ai»3
dUseision mslkkig process. Host of the newly Introduced factors
fksv® botta mj^artt^d t o bo s i ^ i f ic^oit daterR^inanta of Job
3a t i 3 f«c t ioo f . r XncJUiU worker ( ^ h t a c end F»stcxtja»* 1963* 196i7r
AKhtor mvc Bftorgdiva, 1974i Pootonje®, 1973) whi le sai«e ot thetir*
SBterged during tt«a s/>rBlidnin«^cy explorat ic^s coocsxninis ths
prssent invsst igs t ion .
Or ig inaUy ths seals (J .M .3 . } had foar parts* Ths f i r s t
part was asant f o r c r i t i c a l incldsots and ths sscwid ens f o r ths
IHirfioss of luispseif isd rsAkiiifi. m t h i s ssoood part* ths
rsspondsRts wors ssquirsd t o csprodoos f rosi t h s i r siswory thsss
s a t i s f y i n g Mtd d issa t is fy inv factors rs latad t o t h s i r JcS>. Thsss
factors wsrs thsn t o bs a r m o a d in ordter of t h s i r istpertanes.
Xn ths t h i r d part 35 fse tors wsrs l i s t o d and ths subjoots wsrs
rsqpiirsd t o ohi«'< out ths Inag tans and short tsxsi s s t i s f y i n g
and d issa t i s fy ing f a c t o r s . Ths subjscts wors a lso xsqoirsd t o
rank ths f i r s t thrss s a t i s f y i n g as ws l l as ths f i r s t thfoo
St
aisfttttiafylnQ f«etor« (l.on« tmm^ f«iE:tioss}. Xn th> •»• pact «
• te iacr c«nkiii« «fa« to hm Msiipea for shost tfttn factors
(i iaaiMSix ••X«A}«
PxttJLiiBinary txy<«oat of th» aceJLm covealed t l» tollmiinq
factors*
i* "Srlia mspcHiaaiit could hardiy racall, tSm oritic^d incitStiiis relatea to th»ir mark l i f o .
3 . TbK Kospondftots failed to aistintiaJsh bettfoon *loii«-t®in» aiKS alioct^toiai* fi^^tors*
3« Ttm sarie difficulty MSS i»cperieisce<3 by eespcitdtoiats wbilo x@»%iiQ0 the f<K;tors of part four.
& ttm li^ht of tb^ 9i^xf9n mmtiaaaSt factoars nodificatiorta vera
ma Sa in the scale (Apsm^Llai X> «£J( the ficat pact waa cataioad,
Xck tba aacond pact, raapoodauta \mtm nK uoBtwi to espxodaoa fxon
thair nanociaa thcaa aatiafying and diaaatiafyinQ factoxa* in
ocdar of pc«fac«mca« calatad to thair jtto, t& ttm thiid part
tlw caapondanta tiaxa raqairad to rata aach and wary factor on
a S-paint aoala. la tht fooxtli part ranking tiaa dona only of
firat thcaa factora which aaca aatiafying and diaaatiafyin^
for iioat of tha t iaa,
Ttm aoala waa davalopad both in Hlodi and m^liah, Tha
cal&itoility eaaffieiaot ealculatad by th» Klt«-ao focnula cm a
a«ipla of 100 iiidividuala tiaa 0.87 (Bhargava, 197S). Tha
caliability eoaf fieiaot la vary hi«h bacaoaa the Kft O focaula
uaaally yialda low raliitoiUty eoaffieiaBt i f tha itana aaaaafa
•oca than mm dlwangion or trai t (ccoaeMMeh* 1940 )•
Vha othar tool uaad waa a Jab aatiafeetion invaatory davalapad
3f
by PestonjcMi ma<i Akiftar (JL974). Th» iiiv«nt«ry«, known aa S-O
€imi%l«y«« ioirantory, h«a four «x««at JBfe« MaaAgnaant* social
calaticma and paxacmal afajuatwmt. Xt haa boan atandacHliaad
l»oth in Hindi &tx(i SiiQiiati* Sach ax»a baa 30 iteiRa and tba itaaa
oi tho invantory were «aipiriea.ily dataiwinad. Tba «pl i t«l ia l f
cali«bii it:y Goe££ici<QQt« dot@»Rin«d CBI a aci«)ple of IOC casaa*
rmageim tstm 0.98 to 0»99» The aofioa Cor tba test war* also raada
araiiaibla,
Sas^laa
siait(ifil<3s have baen dsiwn ffom four prrofossionai gsoiips* i«e».
C^lica pecscmneif ^^vocatea, OoctoK^ tm& imivajraity taatchem,
fbe l i a t o£ Po Xice paracmt^i woi^ng in A l i ^ r h town tms
preparad by th« pxtasant invastigat^r MIIO v iai tod various police
atatior outpaata of Aligafti and praparad a l i a t of pac^a worltinQ
thaia . m a l l , 1900 poliea parsonnal tiata on dtaity at dif far«at
atationa* Kvary 10th iiUIividaal frow l i a t of aach poliea atation
waa laodaMly aalactad and aach atibjact waa indtr idual ly appmachad*
Tha poliea pasaonnal «Aio i i i l l in$^y accaptad oitr xiwiaaat to
partieipata in tha atudy uaia ineliadad in tha aaRpla %rhila thoaa
who did not appraoiata to ablina wara iapl«Bad by othar iadivJUSaals
soma of tha poliea paraonnal, in 9pit« of tha i r aiqpvaaaod wi l l ing*
naaa, fa i lad to oanplata tha taat atataxial* Hicioa* tha i r
inesMplata sataziia wara diacardad, Alao* n»«ay of tha a«q^ad
individuala could not ba oontactod aa thay wasa on daty. Hith
a l l thaaa l ia i ta t iena* wo wara l a f t with 110 poliea paraonaal for
40
our iitv«»tigBtioR parpemmm,
Bimll»»tly, a l i s t of advoeatas %foi9ci£i« in c i v i l «Bd esioiiiiai
coiixta of Alifiarh mmm pcvpaveKl. ftt»r thi» pusipcMM* ttm Bwr-xoen
iaB0l«t«ni of tfm iri»oir« nMmtioiHKl eoerts px09m& wmty much tMil|^2»
At ths timo of tl«» eollwrtloct of t i» psttsont ^atn, the BaxvREMaR
niesi3«»ihip wsa cdsout 1,000 o«rt of which cmly 90 tfubjecto ««•£«
iwadoeily salACtod in tfm mmxmr doacxDbea dbov«,
trhs »mm pcooeduxn was aaeptMS to mmaplm out Uoctoss and
(Mivacaity taachars aa iflilJt* Thm ntwibar of Ooctoea aa privata
practiajUmers as wail a» ai^oyod Doctors wart 900 in di f fa»nt
organiaatioost suob as «r«H. nodical Collaga, Aligarh fUtalim
(%tiv«raity, j||i^rh« Diatdct c i v i l Hoapital, &«ratrya Matomity
HMipital and <3gftdhi Sya HMpital* iCLi«acfi. Bf pidcing up airazy^
10th individual* a aompla of tO i^ividuala W M mada availabla
for thia atudy.
SiMilarly, a l i a t of tAiivaxsity taael»ca of Ali^arti Moalln
tjaivaraity, AXi arh, waa piapaiad. Jit ttw tiaia of tha data
eollaetioR, tham wasa appioKiaMtaly 700 taaehara woikiao in
diffarant raealtiaa of A«K.u*, Aligaxti. Oat of which avary
lOtli iadividaal waa talcan fmn aaeh raeulty, ¥ha aaaipla» tliia«
eanpxlaad M univaxaity taaeham.
Ha aKplainad tha parpoaa of tha study to aach «id avary
aidkjaet who waa raqaaatad to «iva honaat and aineara mapeaaaa.
Ofiaii awia thui two viaita iiaxa sa^Kirad to abtaia eeaiplatad
•ataaaa froM tha saapondanta. Xn T#>la 1 ia laportad tha dataila
41
sagaxdint; oxp9ri«nai of woxlc« ttg» and iiic«NM tlw »«wpltt ineludBd
in this stiMiy.
7AB£C 1
onAvwity W^ I Ml Milln1 M 3 V 0 C V * 0 8 DOdOXTS < |^«dtM««
iiiimlt<raffMl»Wi .nil iigiTilBrn'SiMiii
in yMun
i«mrag« Ago i n ya«jE»
Kiniwim es(x;erienoR in y»«n
Kaxiaun mtperlence in s«axs
iorexage «Rp«xl«iai in ymmxB
Kinimm iftoqua in ltt,/Mnth
in M.>taonth
in lt«*/taon%h
24
309 3 9
2S 24 2S
57
36,77
X
34
16.37
its.oo
741.00
75
3e«34
I
4C
mJLtMM
200.00
5»000«00
75
33.13
I
44
10.35
200*00
9,000.00
53
35.09
1
2S
9.59
500.00
1,350.00
766.17 1.042.25 863.64
at«ti«tieol «a«ly«is
•vary analysis la mmwmA to tba typa t>£ aaaiga aalaetad
and ttia hypathaaaa intandad t« ba taatad by tha imraatiga^r.
Tha f imt analyaia daala with tlia uaapaeifiad xwikinf. Tha
ittvaatioator aaad tmapaeifiad lanliittv to poaauxo indiridiial
riMa •tMfigbh of t l» «iii>J«et«« Tliia IM««IIX«« hmmmr^ mfl«et«
tiM ].«v«l of 4«six»« of t l« mtphnfmrnm for tii* ««ti«f«cstioa of
G«vt«in Hoods* isiffoimicos in ttoi^-xolo v«riil»loo nsy too
xosponsiblo for th» aiffomacos in aoeKS otvanytb,
Xn orflor to raoasmre aood ot«e»)Qth i t im euuitomttiiy to pi»«eitt
J^nrontorifid itemii to ouibjoets (Mic aMiii and Xawlor* 1971) m& to
€d!»taiii ratiriQii Against tlie i tons. tim lospORdont, t!sis« has to
i^siCP ratine to oach and ovary itan iiraspaetliro of fact tfmt
ttm item may or may not be rslavant to tm indiviaual. I t was
vimiaiiaoiS that n hazi the xasptmdanta would be raqaiiod to Jot
0mm tlia oatiAfyim^ m& dissatiafyint itons th@y mnXd
inv«riii>ly soaxch the satisfying exOt dissatisfyic^ faetocs from
thair actual wotic aiepaeiaiioa. By this j^rocoss wa hwm oi^jactod
tha factors actually coamonly noticad by the sid^jaet can •rnrga.
Tha analysis of indivi^al noad stmsQth i s dono on ths
basis of paroanta^as*
Tha thiid analyais was of ratings assigaad by tha xaspendants
to tha 29 itasM of the aealo. Mean, standasd deviation and
Coaffioiant of variation waa ooa^utod for oaeh gsoiip. AS WO haira
four pcofassional gwena^, wa havo used ouncan's Raaga test to
ees9»ars diffoiaaeaa in Job Motivation. Mlian aavoral gssups are
to bo osi^acad, «a/a spoeially tha dif Cexoiiooa asMano their aaans
i s to ba found out, this test i s ooasideved to bo tha swot
api^sopciata eoo (lieOii«aa« 19tft). OriglBally Suiiean*o Itso^a tost
was dswisad to oanpara mom than two ^vmp naaiia» oaeh having o^ial
41
iiini>«iir of tibammtUmm, Imt i% IMMI hmm mttma&tiA to a&tvuitloR*
X9W7 m^ itAmmtt 19S7).
^ havo po in t s CHit •I.flowtiex:!® that «n i»a(iip«n^i}t fnoasurv
of tn^smH »Atl9i&otSmt ^tmuM b« tiOcon £or atudfiiif Job
ffiotivatioti. Aa siiLQh, ttm xaspo^onts of #®e}i ^mop nmm o| . i issi£i^
a» *SAti8£i«d* laii •Oissatiafloa* oo ttMi basis of their •coma o6
3«& enqployea invtoitocif* sigBifi«aiit iSiffamseaa on mmh. Itmm
tor eseh Qiotis>« taking into account the aatiafaotiOQ disianaiim*
If as €mtmemixi&$ by uaia^ Dam:mi*a mmm tast«
The mlgai£icm% €li£mrmie®a in Jcfe iiotivaticm batwoa^ tha
icmc gsQN^ «ei!@ fouM oat hf Ksiiskal**wall.ia tcest* Xt i s oiie<^ay
i»alf8is of va£i«3C9S by ranks, 2t ti»its the tmXX hi^pothasis
that tha *K* sampias ospse ttxm tha aaim pc^Iatifm* Xt i s
baXievad to be tbii iimst affielsfit of tha mNi*ipa««fiatrie taats
for •»• iadapsaaffint samplaa. Xt has a hi|^ ponai^-affioisi^ir
(sai^al »i«S6K
Tha a^ct anaiysis was ao»a by apiittlng tha factors imdar
MOtivatora m^ by icmoa which l ^ i i i t a t a a ua to fiad ant tha
ai^iifieaiit difCaxaneaa bat«iaaii tha i>xofaaaioQal 9W»im*
ttm laat anaiyaia daala with tha aaad-elaatar* ainea tha
auiijaets wasa aakad to rattk S aatiafyio^ aad 3 4iiaaatiafyia«
iaetois* Nadiaas tna qtiattilas wara eaaq^tad and tha factora
yiaidinQ hi#i qiiaftiia YaiiMia# iadioativa of higffiar aiEtant of
disaosaanaata. wsss Oaiatad aad tha satisfyiao and diaaatisfylBO
44
fiictojc* wxm 4xmm out.
Thft 9Mlf—B &t this tli»ais tmztt 6asim by Z*B*I4. 1X30
ecM Esotino systoK whieh i s ••na^d-ttilxd gimimticm myn^OBm
€immig£»& for «ci«ntifl4S miOL a9iw»»c«si«3L data £»jDQai«ain9. tlw
•oftwun pnogswanting langnaga of this coRfitttor i s 1130 basic
fttrtjcsn XV. Ttm l i s t soitixw p»»9rwmB of oair statisticaX
anaivsss «i» giirQn in ths Afipsudlicss 3 to 6.
stat iBt ical 9gUAXTf9»9i hasm im ptesfpoam to folleiir thm tchsam mnA
jpcesont ttm siisults c^tftinod thKottf;^ various onaiirsos.
Ttw f i r s t «t}diy«i9 no intended to mport i s of «iisp®eififid
ir«iiIdUi9»« Tha f»s|pc«i^ats v&s® m<^ix&& to «fjcite f i r s t threo i»o«t
sstiflfyitiQ fflid aissstisfyiag factors from t l » i r |cfe i i f e . ftm
ii«Hit sstisfyiti i; factor wsa to be written f i r s t 4!in<l toXim^R hy
the second and th i rd wost satisfyiRfl ones« trbe vorr •sf!«
procodurs was to bo foXlowod in the cass of s^ntioning dissatis-
£ying asftacts. Ths «aalysis rm^aled that tha iaaxk£^ isdiviayal
<Siffanmeas axiatad tooth within aa<S batwean tha professic^Ral
onwtpa ia raskiao tha s«tisfyizi9 ss wall aa tha diasatiafyiBO
aspaeta. Thia ia aaf f ie laot ly aridant fiosi tha t«a»ia Z2. Thasa
faetoca wara wi4aly dlayasaad baeaaaa «a waatad ths xaspondanta
to t^ira ^^^Y thraa aatiafyio9 and thraa diasatisfyifto mapansas.
Aa thosa saai«MMN»a Quva aa a widar apiaad of aspaets of tha
factors imdar oar atady* wa raaiisad that ths cavpesitian of
simply tha cittda avaragis woaid ba fn t i t laas sad sttparfiuoas*
Htfioa* aa appdiad noxa aophisUiea^ad s t a t i s t i c a i taats*
4$
Pi
H
9
1
I 5 o
<
o
I
o « ff« • « •
• « i i-«
« N O • « • #-l «»» i f
r* I * o « • • © 2 ***
o « « j If} v-i r* 1" *«l W
« « o * • •
88 • « « « • • •
» m »
W « I* • • •
f^ M & «<4 M H
« o r* • • •
:5 § •
O « « M • • • •
(» r« •» 4n »4 f4
Si
Ml « M « « r i M • • • • • « •
01 H «^ <«} H ^ ^
!
n
n n n n «i M e& H
f t t •
r» o I • •
f* ca tfi « « t * 01 f«> G) «n H «« fn* «»
<o o « m • • • •
V» O 10 m
0% « « •
«
«4
« • M 0 lA • • •
«« "« «
f^ (» M ® . « • • • I •
<n CB (« 9 rtt SS
n n n «i«? 1 I •# «Nt di H O lA
fo m rt » f« e» • • • • « • M H 1^ O O V
I 2 «1
t * * ^ • fo *» • • •
H M ^
If M in <i M # r> Oh o H ei f i «
H H •«< H i^
47
8 H H
f
I I
•
<« • « • . • w ^ . • * • » • I • • • I
« «l» « l f-< 4-« M «
O • • « t i l l » • • t
n -I *t 2 W Hi
i t t I I I to O ifl «. n w r» in «
t9
* : * j • ! I I I I *^ I I M 40 «-« M 1A
r» m ««• • • •
?i !Q ** #4 HI
H lA H • • •
i«4 HI i"<
H H f t *0 rt H • • • « • •
M ««| M to H «4
I I
• 01 « • • •
<« O « r4 #4 r4 M
•? «s m m t» m « • • • « •
M O Ok O M
r» o» 01 • o» f«> • • • • • • • •
M O O r4 O M O
OJ « O r4
t 10
o
in 04 H Ok O i-« P« #^ ^ M «4 M M m r« «« N
10
A mammwf of findiAgt i s givwo in table XXI niblfit) bitags
u« to tlw eoRClusion that mimpmi£im& Kmaki»gB eoa httxdly
mptmmmt ttm mmA •tnnsgth of th* vmrloiui pKof««sion«l oxoufs.
Al«o« th»sii «ra oDly a foctoi: «m wr icb tlie majority of aiift>j«cts
io varioua gsmpi atiKlled hav«i cataQpxically oaepcossa^ ttwir
04MNS atjeangtb*
la tdblo XV tftt mpaxt the f rni values o£ ea t ing of vacieus
Xt i s to be bome out that tha avaratps ai» nisl-e^dinc;
unXass thay &ce aooispaiiiad by ai^ii^xiata swaaurG of vacidbility.
Tata (19S6}, by cncprassing that, *It i s tha variation of
s tat is t ical data which ^ivss naaain^ ao^ tuMiful»asa to the concept
of awoxacia valu«*« siibstaittiattts tha a&Mim c^Mitanticm*
Xa tabla V the mt^m aod cv*s axa sapoxtad. The coefficient
of Vaciatian whan gxaatar than $%% cxaataa aoubts #90ut tha
at9>»»priataaas8 of tha ooKsmtaai value of an avaxmga* *Tha
distrltoiition in which c«v, xeachas this «i«oaitiida am usually
Josbayad, xeetangular^ or sia cedUly MaltlsMaaal.** (Tate, 19S«)*
ftais* tha faoters yieldia^ value of C«V. gieater than 3SK warn
aiscaxdad. A sueaiary of findings i s noted in til»le VX (Aps«ndix 3)
•lleeo9aition* and •Advaiiee«iant* wese net included because
for every qnmp C.v« far eiweeds the l is i i t of $%% variation,
sisdlaxly ••ess** •Coaipany pelieiee*, •Pereonal l i fe*, •Housing**
'Txanspertatien'* 'Casteisn*,'Mobility* and *oeeiaieo aakinfi*
^^aaaB^wseWI •B^^W^W e
B 12
5
I u IS 4 a
i
•>.
S
I i t •
t i l l
I { . • :
t I t ft * I m m
o o « « * • t • ^ $ $ s
* l f* W O • • • • i; s 9 s
n i n n 9 s » 9
• I I »
, 1 ll
t I
t
IS
I I
t t
I t
I t
P«« 4#
. 1 i 3^ lit i IS ll : M m -^ th
TABUB ZV
S0
s*iio, Vmeton wolicm '^im^v^ifjM'n^j
A(dHr«eat«s ooetom livttrsity tmachmtm
1 mhUnrmmnt 4.#3
3 Moxfc i t 0»if 3*03 4 mmpmaihility 3.33 5 iitdirMROMNMit 2 . so 6 Saca ln^ X*8S 7 0»oiith 3*66
4.48 3,37 3*16 3,63 3.04 3»o6 3.33
4.61 3,06 3»60 2.96 2.76 3 . U 3.36
4.3X 3.QX 3.46 3.26 2.43 3.16 3 . ^
soc ia l ZBtexiotiot) nitli
6 Suboidinat«s 3.93 9 Boss 2.90
10 Co-mowtmm 4.26 11 social status 3.89 12 aapervisor 4*00 13 Company BBlicies 2.S7 14 phyaical 2 Cf
SOJTXtOIUldiBQS * 15 i«nwQ«l liftt 2.3S 16 aaourity 3.06 17 ftwsiiio 2.40 l i Tr«i«pesttttioD 2*77 19 M«6ie«l 2.46 30 Htaltli 3.90 21 mmm l»93 22 lk»«M«tioo 2.07 33 CMtiflK 2.79 24 iMtoility 2.72 8S mmimlmi mtkinq 2.27
2.77 2 .49 3.39 4.32 3.47 2.17 2.SO 3 .10 2.33 3.19 2 .99 2 .73 3.33 2,39 2.71 2.09 2 .76 1.72
2 .95 2 .66 3 .13 4 . 0 0 3 .47 2.W 3 .36 2*90 2 .79 2.97 2 .20 3 .19 3»33 2 .06 2 .36 2.67 2.33 2.47
3 » s9 2 . » 3.S1 3.90 2.75 2.29 2.73 3.13 3.71 2.09 2.40 2.40 3.49 3*33 3.23 2.90 2.99 2.29
Si
S
o
I
I
s SI 8 g g 8 s; • • • • » • o tt « m <•»
n 9 ff) # lA t ! • « l ¥1 »* « f* 10 flB ^ 01 «n f^ III M • • • • • • •
O «-l H •<« #4 f<( #4
» • • • li • •
S S j:i $ 9 S 9
O «-l »^ •-« H H #4
^ « s s ; 9 8 Si • • • » • » «
3 9 9 S $ S 9 8 9 s;s s s:i 3 O *-f •-* H •-« H HI
s si «' 3 s; 9 s
O <-! H «4 H *-l n
S 8!S 9 » S 8 S S S S S d
R A Jl 9 S K • • • ft ft •
• •^ ft"! #""1 #*^ 1*? •'"1
ssssss; 9 ^ fS m m S)
O »«| «« « H M «# HI M ^ f« if)
• • • • % • •4 HI «"• ••• ••• «*»
9
•
8
SI •
HI
I
m m t* Q n SH (& « f« r« w Ok 9 o
• • • • • •
U 5j ® « g> « in « n «t
•• «n
«
<« e* 04 <M fii O «n o r4 N
H H H HI HI H
S 9 S 9 S r 8 S S ^ S 9 8 $ * ;? 8 8 8 9 ti
s| s ;? s 3 R a B !5 ^ H H
• * • O M H r«
•4 M ««i « r» o ^ M m "• t^ H H
S2
t
s
: 8 3 8 S 9 S S 8 S S 9
S O <• 3 8 S 5? J5 ^ » 9 9 t e ;; $ s$ o
ffl f d
r i O
«
^ t
r-t
^ ««
• $
* fi4
•
U •
1 ^
• 1*1
n •
H
S
s •
H
g «
9
S •
H
* O
m a
• *-i
•
•"I •
H
•
• «»*
• ^
& t
HI
•
s t
l-«
9 •
3 «
H
•
tfl
• i-l
ttl •
9
• «-i
«
f; «
04
tn *
9 »4
• •>!
•
9 8
» «-«
Id •
3
i-«
•
9 3
« 4»l
P *
9 n
• rt
« HI tfl
^ •
r*
t
tfl
^ *
o
r < > t « > r » o 9 > ( < « t f i H # o k c i i
«
I 4#
& t I I S 9 11 s n I
# l « > « < l k O - 4 f « f i | ' » t f |
Si
s .^
1 a 3 4 5
6 7 e 9
10
11 12 13 14 19
• P«etont
JWCblWtMMIIIt
Hoxk i t «•!£ fi»»ponsit>ility EajEniniP oeowth
£i6M3ial zntsx--aetioii with
aillt>OJRlill«t(MI
Q&mim»t^>ims9
aocial stfttiftt 3ii£«xiri«or
•iiixvinkliiigai asencity MtdiOAl
Hialth tmtpm WMsncttioii
TABUe VZ
4»63 «*
•
••
3«66
3.93 4.36 3«8S 4.00
«•
4 M
«•
3 . to •
*•
•ia*TiJT>isi3?MFi'"::5^ AAvocst#a
4»©6 <•>
3.63 3.33
«.
3*30 4.33 3.47
-
-
mt
3.32 -
**
Decton
4.61 3 9011
4 M
«»
«H>
m
•
4.00 3.47
3.36
w
3.16 3.23
-
"
^8 UBivttivity
4.31 -
«*
M»
3 * ^
3.33 «
3,«0 •»
••
3.71 *
3.4S 3.33 3.23
94
tt»1M Vtt
M««a, S«D« and Co«fi£iei«&t of Vailaftiea of
GfOttss ^SEiaSMKSiKS? tan < .0 . C.V« waam an CO. C.y.
^ * ^J^Snal 22*fi©& 3.352 14.»at 53.3tl 3,464 6.613
(2} Aavocates 22.9«t 3.430 X4.676 S 2 . 0 n 3.250 6.249 (3) Doctors 22.926 3.496 i5.248 52.062 3.6S2 7.072
**^ SaohJtti^^ 22.416 2.715 12.115 52.700 2.917 5.535
a he a n a l g i a seflmolB that tliD v^tHotm ptQ^astonol gsouf^s
l^xsdly ai££ar with @acb otl^^r in *Co»tant* em vmll ea *<; 9Qte3ct*
Coctora of S^ motivation (Taibla VIZ« ^pentSix 3 ) .
Thm amm pattexn of saaulta uwa olaai^jf c^saxv^la «tisn
aat isfact ioa dimeciaioo ia taken toto ccmai<39caticm. Tha sesalta
aiw saperf»id in tiibla VXZZ balow (Apiiafidiae 4 ) .
l ABLS VZXX
naan aa<3 8 .0 . of satiaf lad and oiaa«tiafiod cwmwm
waaa s.O. C.V> Waan s.o« c.v« POUCl PlIUKSINiZ. satiafiod 23.13 3.06 13.26 51.94 3.33 6.42 Diaaatiafioa 2?.64 3.04 13.45 52.24 4.07 7.79
wvouaM Satiafiad 2;j.53 3.45 15.34 50.40 3.45 6.59 Oiaaatiafiad 23.90 3.23 13.51 50.72 4.43 9.73
(cootd.)
ss
TAUXJI VXn (Csntd.)
Ofxsroiui
xmvmmiSY TSACHERS
Batiaflttd
21.80
22.70 22.91
3.41 9.31
3.13 2.95
14.«7 15.18
13.78 12.96
51.87 53.20
52.34 51.91
3.41 3.59
3.89 3.9C
8.58 7.76
7.44 7.52
si«rii£ic«mt diffacttnoes betife«n the four pcofesaional niiottps
%N»iiB £ttxthttr diviaod into satisfied and dlMatisfled ^coups and
te^taa by ieniiital«»fialli4i teat, flao leaulta af« iMfortad in
tabla ZX (AsE odiae 5 ) .
t^IJ! IX
tfiob Motivation Ooapansa by fiURiikal-fiAllia* ^ s t
S.HO. faetofs valttft of •»•
at IK l«¥al of II I i8^¥il'iiKiBr1iirMHrliii.i
2. cantont y«iBtora 3 . C^otaxt fa^tom
1. Alb aotivaitioii 3 . Cantant Vaotoca 3 . Contajct laetoca
6.5143 1.0603 1.5963
0.3644 3.7383 3.3844
Ziiai«nific«nt ZaaigBificafit Xaaigniiieaxit
Xnaigaifioant 3nai«p9ki£leant maiinifieaBt
Iha pcaaaat maialta e o a f i » that tha vBoapm do not 4bvi«i>aly
diffar in thair Jab notiiration but i t ia to ba aaeaxtainad wliathsr
tbaaa a i « ^ tlVMipa diffar cm individual Jab faetora or not.
s«
Sigtiif leant dUfemmcmm mwe tmat^d by £>aQC«ri'« R«n«« I'iMit md the
irssttits acs xeiioxtflfi biiloit (T«|»l« x ) . Xt nuiy, liow«var» b« i^int/^
out that only those factors vam takes ititfj ecHial4ex«tion for
dialysis which hove had low C,V. valutas (aaa t«i>h» VZ) (As>panaist 6),
Gnw[« C SBii cttd on fi^iv&iSuaX Jcb Factors
»lio« raetors Groups coK^AmA Ranwidcs
1 ^chisv«»Ra»t Poctors \ Doctors 1 Doctors { enactors 1 Uoctors 1 yoctors 4 Doctors I toxica 1 Policm { foi ica 1 eolica i Folioa 1 Volica ( Adhrocatasi AOvocatasi Mlvoe«taa( Aitrihcatas' jwdhrocataal Ooetora ( Doctors 4 Doctors ( Doctors < fol lea 1 Poliea 1 Polioa 4 Advoeatasi Advocates 1 Toacham 1
iD)< iO)
o) D). iDh i D )
D) '3) [^} 3) 3) is) :s)< is) s) s) 8) 9) ;8) a)
[8) is) D) >D) D) ;D) ID) Is)
)-Taaehars
)-AdNroeates
)«>Doctors )~Aavocatas )-i>olioe )»Taachi»£s }~lfaachfirs )-*A£!vocates )-Folice }*Doctors KMlvocatas )-'Toachani }oTaa0hars )-.Advocatas KPeliea )«Doetors )'>Ta4HShsini )<J!roaehars )-Atfyoeatas }.l>oliea )«TaaBhars )~Taachars )»AdNroe«taa )-4roaehars }-Taaehars }«4(Oaohaxs
JxmigaiSic&nt
(Coatd.)
ITABtit X (CODtd.)
S7
B*Ba, wmatoKB GeiMm GonpaJMNS Jtsn&xfcs
2 Cfowtli
aetJUms with subon^iiiiatM
actions with Cc»-4ioi:k«r»
S social itattt*
{% lXc0 InQXakCil
i ^ l i co ^-•aobem f^»«chsix» l^och»C8
£NEdi€» (fr ^^^w^a^n^^p
S»OiiCtt P o l i t e Policm T«^cbera
Polioo i D l i c o Pollca BoXice FoXico
(u}«s^lloa {&) <DJ-Ta«ch6r» in) (D}*7«achars (P) (D) -x^ I ice (a ) (D}<»l^ae)iec« (8 ) (S)*PoXico (8 )
(D}-^«acher8 (O} (D}-^«achBC9 ( s ) (D} -»>l ic« (sy <8}«acoact»rs <I3) (S}-7aach»c8 (s ) (3}-^«acbers (D)
(£) )-»M3vocatos (3 } (D)-Advocates(O) (D)<-s^2ice ( j j (s }-A(3voc«t«a is) (S)>A0vocat«8(0}
j«!hroe«tes (o )~Aarocates (B)
Toaetwni ¥»aslwni Tmachmtm Toachani Taae lwn Taacltata Toaohsrs
(D}-£)octors (0 ) (D ) -»o i ica (p ) (&)-7aacham ( 3 ) (0)-«ooctora (8 ) ( i > } - l ^ i e a ( 8 ) (o }-iulvoeataa (0} (0 KMlvoeataa (8}
AriKrcMsatas ( 8 )-0octor8 (D) AiOvoeataa (S )«9oli€:a (O) Ai3voeataa(8)««raaehttrs ( 8 ) M}roeat«a(s}-Doetora (s ) AiSv«cataa(8)*i>i»Uca <a} Adveeafeaa (8)«aMftvocatas (D} ASveeata8(D}'4>oetor« <o} AAvoeata«(o)-tol ic« <D) iW9vooa«aa(D)-4aaehon (s ) Atfvo6ataa(0)-0oetojra ( s ) A0vocata8<D}>Poiioa (8 ) fioiioa Fol iea Poiioa Pol iea
(8)*oootora (o) ( 8 ) - i o i i e a (D) (8>««»aetiara ( 8 ) <8)<-i3eetors (8 )
Xmsigriificant
Sasigaif icai i t
3 i g n i f i c « » t l y d i f € . S i ^ i i f i e a n t l y a i f f . XQaignificact
Znsi9aX£ic«at
(Contd,)
TMn£ X (caentd,}
St
A .Ho. Fteters Csenif* Cen passd
6 mpagrwlmom
7 m^th
Doctors (s}'<4)oeter8 (0] Doctors <a)*Pe]Ll4e» (o) Doctors (a)<-3*oach8r« (a] %««ehsrs (s)-43octor9 (DJ Toachsrs (3}«l>oIice (0) Pelieo (o}-ooctors (D)
Polico (D}-<l3octors (D] t olico (D }-A(!Kroe«te» (s ] Polteo (D)-.i3octor8 in) t^Xieo (Q}«»Polico (3) Vol ie« (D Kiitfirocates (o) iMavoeftt«s(D}*4)octors toj advocates (l3>»Mvociite3 (£» ] Mvocatos (D }«Doctors ( 3 j /MSvocotos (D )-PoIic« (3 j l>oilco C8)->49eetor8 (DJ Wol icm (s}-AdNrocatos (B j Polictt (s}-Dector« (m) Doctors (s)-Ooctors (o) Doctors C3}->MlWQcates(si Ai3irocat«s(s}<^3octors (o}
Pblico (D)'>|}oetors (B] Polico (DKfolico is] fNsXico (D }-Mhroe«tos (P j Polico (o}-Ooctors {D] Polico (D}~*r««e}wx« (s] foliiso (0 }-.A^ocatos («] Polico (D}«^«elMix» (D] Toachoni (0}«ooctors (8) T««0iisni (oKrollcto («] <foi«h»rs (D)-Advo6at«s(D] TOttChsrs (D)-Doctors (oj Toaelisfs (D}- XNiaelMirs is] Tooehsrs (D}»Advocatos(a] ASvee«tos(S)<-Ooetor« (8] Aivoeatos (s )-»olio« (8 j MAvoeatos (8 )<-MNrocatos (D j A4tvoest«s(8)-Oocters (DJ Mlvoeatos(8}«'r«oel)ses (8! Tttschsxis (S)-4)octors (s]
S l^ i£ icaa t ly AXtt •
DEisiQaiflcsQt
S i ^ l f i c a c t l y Di£f•
ZnsiQnifiCiant
(Coittd.)
St
TAILS X (Conttf.)
s»e3G« i^OSStiOl^ Qsemps CemsmvDA RflmMlXM.S
TttoelMini
Doctors i3octors joctora
^!V(3C«»te3
FoXic«
(s}*Advocftte«(D) (3}-DOCtORi (D) (<U}<43CMSt01 (3)
(D} -iwtvociitea (o} (n)«£!octoxs (3}
($}«4}octors (0)
(pw^* ^ P wiP^|BW 1^0 4 * • a f f W ' ^ ' i ^ w ^p"
fjasfJiy d i f f er with @ach «rtli@r en varices fsctrsrs ©jeesapt ttie poMca
piX3«mne»JL tfl^ d i f f er ««ritb Ajdvocatea on aoclaX iaataractioua with
CQ^-imtk&sm, ixjctt^rs «und ^avoc^itea on au^iexviaion and Doctocs cm
t^alth. 7})ia ecRitiyaia maffiznta otir e a r l i e r inl^ranea that tlse
psx>£@aalacial exctupa ^ not di f far wit^ aaeb otb«(r in tlwiir jcab
BtotiVi&tioii. Tha diffarefica^not tmry hitsh* abaanradl i» the caaa ot
iiuiiviciual Job faetora laay ba attributed to work rela dif fanmeaa.
Our aarl iar ecmtantioii* i « e . , tha orQaniaatioaaX cliieata wi l l
aiadiata Jab Motivation* h&a not bean boma out by tha prasMSt
iii««ati«atiiMi •
statijitical, 9H93Lt/m9 of the present 8tt«3y htmrn enprnamXy
<S»Bc«i»tci3it«(S that ttm gtx»jm tftoiSiieS do »ot differ with each
other in thiiir Sob notivsticxi* tlxkm ia true (!£>out job content
«nd Job contort factors «8 well* But i t i s ttJLso to b®
oBKnoidedQad thet SOENI ^££tt£^M»is In indiivi^ai factors have
b«M»n Qboervi^,
AMong {xsll re $3@r«c mei thtsB ia a ccmsidtairi^lB extent of
diflMf|itt«issfit cm t!$e fi^stors li}>.fl social J^toractiaos %rith
co-worksrs, aup<%£Vi3iori ana H^aith. FX«»J; tables VX we ttoto that
ths pssfsrxed motivationsl factors of raifitiMintatimial cISniat®
SM oahisvs»n>ot» 9io«rth, ststttas, CQ-«oxk«rs« 8ttp«rrision, hoslth
«otf see is l intoraetions with mtoow&inmtm; Tho itaiirorsity
t««eh»«s |>MforsBd mBHiavmmt, ^sotfth, socis l status sad
soeurity. Yht sdvocstss siidorssd aiehi«fV«Bw>t and social status*
Tha doctors hovs oi tod for aChiovsnant, social status and work
i tsolf • Ttaas, a l l thasa groiaps h«iv« thair own tmicjiio iMtivatiooal
factors*
AchiovoBMnt i s baliovad to b« one of tha most parvasivs
•otiva on which tha sooooss or failwra of l^hastrial organisatisn
dsyoads. Mcciolland ( I f i l ) has stxossod that hi«l«ir tha laval of
dO
« i
mhUci/mBmnt notiration, tho iaoir« l ikely i s tha •leaeittivti to
rlM to thtt potfltioo of Qzvator psMiv «nd jE»8pe»sibilit]r»
Kuhicoi (1963) found in bis atu^y of %Hmmx that aohiovommt noedt
aiacclp«Eici@s were ctmsiatontly related to occupitiondl
9atifitf«etioo. ^aceax>v (1972) has pointed out that «ohi0v«»i«nt,
i«oei : i tsolf , i^torpersonal xeletticrtshlps axu3 sosfOQsiblXities
oiicitofi iBoxo satisi^uction than dissatiafoetion fiBK»i08t tho
ISidbuts i&«ntoor». BaXpom (1966} i^ his study of a aMBplo of 93
emlcis ooaojcsos the ^ovo lesulta. atcria and ijocko (1974)
foima their £odmlt@ to ba ict eonsiateney with thei previous
fin^ingt, i«e.« «fhite<*coll©r wozkara were raoro iikoiy to ddve
satiafoction fcofo **SBOtiv<»tO£9<* mmnta (asp«ciaily aohievesant).
Mazninoat (1966} cibtaiiiad vasponsea fsoe SO aeccttntaots and
63 anginottca aii^ ocsncluaed that both iittxinaic ei»S oxtdnsic
tactora couM bo the aouxcea of aatiafaction aa well aa
aiaaatiafactioo* but intrJUuiic factora^ «aipM!i«lly achievmBmit,
vfoik itaalf and jcasF(m«^^X^^y# «f<»x* eoosifSand coii€M:ivo to
aatiafyln^ aittiatiooa. JOthtar and Shasvara (1974} found that
achiairaawpt waa aa^Bg th« f imt tan pwtmrmA aietivaticm*!
factora, both for the danecmtio and saniaMBtational typa of
clia»ita«. They alao raportad that police and aaixy aatployaoa
did not difCor an thia factor. Tha foaulta of thaaa
atudlea 4Mid that of the pceaant atudy are ia aCM:oi!d«ica with
a«Bh other* Hanee, our raaulta axe in the aotpectad positive
direct ion. Aa the four Qioiipa of thia atudy aqually aaplsod
for their a«tiafoction« no aigaifleant diffeiencea iieca obaerred.
• I
flMMM msuits l>riB9 urn to tlm fact ttwt amhia/wmtmtit, vsoifth
«sa soelai status «is iiqpoitint wotivatin^ factoxs for tut
MqployMHi in 9Mi*x:itX irhieh i s sviidhmt f!s«n our ftodlngs as
^ l i c o group •••»« to hm much sstisCind as far as social
intariietions with siibogdiBatss ana pesrs axa eonearmid (fubla
VJE# chapter XIX)• Thay aiso diffsr witb the advocatfts cm social
intarsetion amongst their co- wosicars (tdbla Xl, lAtsraction
with eo-worlcars la venr inportant for i^olica psrsonnol whemas
ths sasie intsraction i s Isast i»qoired for the advocates* Th»
polios personnel haws to fac^ many hai edUi and atungsrs in
psid^oimin^ their duties which eahafuces the interaoticn to
assuaw significanee* The jol» interactiotts are ejcte«»eied to
situations even outsida the w«»x)c« 8tit in tha emte of advocates
no sMoh eosqpolsions inf luance their intersetions with thsir
eolXsagiies. Xahiri and jimrivastawa (19(7} ean toe cited as an
•videnoe to the faetor of interparseoal ralations with co-AfoHeers
whioh they have brought forwerA throo^li their study of niddls
mmmiftn as a eaotrilrator to jab satisCaotien aoxe often then
other SKtsinaio itests whsn desesitoing satisfying situations.
Pssple with high Job satiaf action tend to eithihit aiors
eenfoxMity to supeivisisR and intexpersonel relations (nines*
1979} than thoso who era not satisfied with their jobs.
Mliee personnel a«ain differ with •Avoeates wd deetora
on •ttpetwisioo, fteysieians and lawyers woiSc iM»te or less
indepsndsntly so «neh so that their j«b peifoxMuiee i s loss
inf lueneed by the solo of the supervisors while the polios
•3
pmrmMmwl hamm to cairrsf out the oxders o£ the mMpox9Uto&$ and
tiMtir Jflb l i f« irhieh incXydss pxenotions* x»eo0aitlaas« fttc.^
lai7Q«ly <kt%mndm «o the rftjpocts of th»s« vapenrisors. Thuis,
tto diffenuico* b«tii«efi polico pttCsonBal and advocataa and
doctom ia in tha enfant to «rhich tliey &m contiKsllad iUi tlMiir
pjEoaont job iavolvWRent aR4 «ffacted for thsir futura cmmer
by thoir nviysxwiaon*
mhlmi (1963) hail ahoim that mhiaivmmmat saad €iiacsipsiXK!i/&a
%mim csitmaiatantXy roiiited to oecu|.atirjQa3. aatiofaction* fte
ajDQMea th«t aatiafaotion with occupaticn should \m a function
of dlacresjancy batwaao paraomaX imeda and laazoaiirad potentials
of occaupaticm feir aatiafying iwada. zn the contaxt of thaaa
viawa* our raaulta provida auppoxt to iisahlan*a aaMrrticm aa
a i l tha gsoiipa hiQhiy daairad achiaiNmant which provad to ba
a kay Motivating foxea for thoM* Oftan i t haa baan argu*d that
laval of adueation^ aatura of tha orfiniaaticm and aalary
infiiiaiieas Jcfb atotivaition of tha pacaaanal. Tha four gsoiapa
widar mue attady bat ray wiiqoa naapoaaa, Poiioa pamaimal noik
ttadar aa autoesatic ataoaphaia whaiaaa taaohtra uaoally woik
aadar dawnwratio aat ap. Daetora and adveoataa uaualiy «ioik
indapaadaatiy* But tha diffaraneaa ia Job iMtivatioo waia not
obaacvad though thaaa gsoapa widaly diffaiad in thair aalariaa
ma i«f«la of adaeation. salafaita, jomiaaitia and staiili (i9M)
too did not fllbaaiva any variatinn in jab aatiafaetion of
•apocviaoni ia tha eaaa of avbjaet'a aga, job olaaaifieatieo*
adaoation and paeiaiiality oharaetariatiea. Thita aa oaa ciain
«4
that tlM» imri4B 24»s m0mt3Lime& tSbmm mmy not tm^m th& osetsiit of
|pw>«£«ilty o£t«ii aserllmdi to ttwin,
Befoxe «»tefim@ an oeeupaticm the indivitSnal eut ir l iro
deed patterns ^mi aspies for aapocta such «ui status, eeeixniiig
phyaiCAl aM«nwi»aiair» Ate. Siit once tm • e t t l e s dcma nith the
Jdb «it« has to ffiaK® mmxy eonpfioni««a and ^ thrcmfj is. ^ rtscass
of ffBcsenciliatioet ^ which uitijiNiteiv S>80iiot9 , Jei»
aSJustnaiit. Stte «t aX (196$) ae£iii@ noxlc agjfujitomnt *a® tha
pnscaaa hy which the in<3ivlj^a3. int&tmct9 &a6 coroaa to t a » s
vi th his wfufk mxvixummt" m ^hay (»»iitai»3 that "^mx^ a&Sxkaimimt
i s aat»xinii3^ both hy the ODrx«Mipc»vSatK»i hatireNSii elyiUtias ma&
4al>iilty xaciiiix^Eisista* tm^l by the oi»rs«8pe»^Saiioi bat«nM»i
seinfosear ayataia and naada*** Ooa'a attituaa tmtmxSm hia job
la dataaaiiaeA by many t h i a ^ l»it aapacially by hia paxacmal
araluatien of hia jab* Bieod (ifCt) au^^ata that wiitm a
pacaon faala th«t ha can attain aatia£«ctie«( oniy thsoii^ aal£
aaorifieiteQ work ha weuld fiaai plaaauza in iSoing a jab avan
of in iador wtA «mdm* Blood thiaka that *«ioc1( vaiyaa pxaeoa*
and iafiaanea jab aatiafaction lathar than th« oi^poaita**
Xigao md Baaiy (1974) and wanoua (1974} hova ahoim that lowar
OKpantationa at tha tliia of job aataxy load to highar job
aatiafaation* llalin (19M} haa dionnatfatad that job
aatiafaction ahould ba atodiad with xafaianea to aueh oomntnity
variablaa aueh aa antant of alVM, pxoaparity« uaaiq^oyaant
la tha asaa* «td* lanrifoniMntal ohaiaetariatica aarrounding
tha Sdb eannot bo awa»-lo«leod« ewmum** (1999) a^idy haa
aitplicitly dHianatmtad thnt **th» paveaftion of iaatituMntality
MXationaldps was mmvonmihlm for tha «otaaI eontiiiQttncias
ot tha jfil> •ituationo rathor than indkiijsndtoot jQi> anvixotnMmt*
Ml dovalop pdde in wotk tticMi b i t nay not have the deaiittd
stat«ui«* Zt ia« hamrmxt a fact that motivas* ixi anaraJU and
*jfil> notivati<m% in {reticular* an» tha pco(3uct o£ sosialisation
pwocmam. They are haxdly static an^ unaergo ehangaa. These
changaa aca aaually linkad to «ocio»aconoi»ic ecmditioaa
surzoundinc tl% ixidividual. ftoaeareh studtiaa hsve shown t^^t
dujdng the d^ys of dapressioil paopla value Sdb security leom
than 'good t»osa' or partioi|>atie»i in i t . When Jol s ai» abundant
the individual dsveloie aspirations Cor advancait«mt« xeco^nitiofx
&3X&. pBux^ixziiAtUiU Jjc} daeisi^ti naking« These facts are further
reinforced hy the findings of the present study.
MS are inspired wtMn w thoreu^My snr^uate the coaqplex
mmi ecooept. lAmn i s not only eos^leic but also hifi^ly vaxia&le.
His isotives interact with each other for evolving a cos^latc
pattern of behaviottr, Man leams new sw>tives throu^^ his
orgsBisafcioaai asverieacNis and i t ia not wiccsaiion that within
the saoMi organiaation variation in oiotivatioii nay ba perceptible
if people woxking under different sections are «iialysed. Thus*
i t i s difficult to forecast that a particular stanagorial strategy
would be uaeqnivoeally siotivating to a l l the individuals*
Mbyte (19SS) and zaleanik, ChriateiisMi and lisethlitfberoaa (IfM)
have highliglAed the influsnoe of personal and social ba«kfrottads
on awtivatien. vgoaat and Mean (19f0) and GmSky (1962} have
iiigitlit^ited ths iafiuamw of personality eharaeteristies en iel»
behavioer. He find ourselves inclined to agree with oaliosaan'e
• «
aiittXysis tbat i t i s Qitf IcuXt to pxvcisttly «rval.uata t\» SYHto ic
tmtningB attaehrad by psoplii to a ftaxticiilar WRitivtt anti to
validly pxedlct tt^ eonf l^rat icn of dlf£Orofit notlvaa. Tfatis*
in ttm li^ht of such oontplexitlea, teatrmin inust be axexeisad
ii) Interprating t l^ influaRca of Tmti^ii»B %m awtiiratici';, ^
be iN>jps px9Cia», one set o£ varlal>l«ta tm^ isotivata aocia Iridivlduala
«tt a particular tima tmt tfm a<mm aat of iM»tiv«3s faay prove
loe££ective at «yQothar tijRa. Ttwa, tfm impact ot aocio«aGoiio»ic
&a& otbar auch coaaitiona have to ba t<i an into cooaidBraticm
HMle attentptiog to atudy Jeto e^sttivatl .?!.
Qmmin^ (itjii laalmi (lt66) fmvc? as^rtad that "a thaozy ot
managacial oiotivation fivAt Im ufilflad. dafinite wv& univaraal
dcma not aiciat,** rimy 9uggeut that a ceaaaxch covarlnQ %#ldar
ratiQa of oroaniaational and paycholofjical vari4riblQ9 with ^xaatar
ccmtcol ovar the affac^s of indaf^andatit variablaa shmild ba
ceauSuctad. It ia aufigaatad that iRora oamplaK wDdala axa cwpixad
to aKplaia iAdoatrial Motivation {oraM^ 19i8i Graao and tulin,
19«tr Niatan, !»••> tftilia ma with, IftfTf Liadaay* Marka
and Oailoa, 19tf7i siftith, I t iS) . K&arich (196e> eondiictad a
factorial atady of Jab attitada and eollaetad data on fiva
diffarant iaduatrial whita-oollar ^pulation. Hi found, in
9anaral, eoa^rabla eamponanta of Jab attittida diawnalona
diffarsntlally inportaat in ajqpilaibriing aa ovarall aiaaaura of
Jcb •atiafaetiani aatiafaction with tha work itaalf laaa
cwrialatad with ova call aatiafaetiao with aaHftgara than with
othar freai^i aralttation of tha eaupany, in «anaral, laaa
«7
iapertopt fcur tmtmlam than £or »al«s# n^tiiifis o£ J0l» ««curlty
mstpt inportuint for eitmsit tmmhia than for ttio othfir qttMpm and
stttiofacti«m with pay was ««iR«wh«t ttgu«ily cormlatCKl with
ovecall satlstaotiem of MIZ thd five gcoitps.
the ttodel «volv«d by FcieaiaiKSer an<l Bcoum (1974} needs
ai«cial crnisldoration. But unfortimately, i t tma not been
enpeiriealiy evaluelMK!!. we have tilcen sp«:ial interest ijn
suibstantietin^ i t quantitatively as i t htts the potentiality to
i l lustrate himan fulfillBMint« to Sey satisfaction* more
conv^incin^ly tt^n eny other a£>prcach.
The frame tmsk of our discmssion of Oreanisetion Develoiin«it
i s mpxmmntmd in thft figure Mhich brings foxivenS the t&dk that
an or^aQiseticii incluaes peos le* tiK:hnolof^ end process etxucture.
^heae co«i{)Oft«tts ixit»ra«t in the techEm*stnictiir«l and hanan-
procesaual systesBiis on behalf of the objective of tlm hunan
fylfiilncmt and t9»%. aocoMplishMMmt. Although mm hove not
illustrated i t in the f igure, the environment dbviously interacts
with a l l thase coaponents in terns of the iaptat and output fron
orgenisation.
AS indicated in the attached figure* t l^ taiaaian->proeessiial and
techno-^structucal change «q^proaehes converge at the interface of
the orgenisatien process and stmeture. Both procesa and
structure are concarned with authority* ccewiunication* dmoimion
MriciAf* goal eetting* and eonfliet nsoluticm. But the pxocess
ia^lies their iaqplinentation as dyaanic behavioral eventa and
ioteraetiooa. whereas structure describes than as engsing sets of
durdbl* X!0l*8 aii«3 x«l«ti«n«liis«* Attitude and b»h«vimir ant
ci«arly af foete^ by both pxocass (Wiltta, •« al** i90i} aoA
stxttctttiv (Forter oiKi t«i#l«i:« IfMS). m ths couras of timm,
0taictttx«s can lae chmgod by psooias i f thny am inconsJUitJKit
with th« latter «««• Zn tha «i»i« coin* pcoottiises «i» coiuitC8iti«d
and faeilitat«a by oir9«tii««ti<mciI stcucturaji. 7hu«« psoceiMi
and •tiuctujr« axa intxinaicsaJliy mlatttd with aaeh othar* ai» auch
ao that i t ia alwoat impoaaible to eiaata iaating ehanoa in ono
without aKxSifying the isthar. imt thaxe axa acholaza who fiecita
cm changing orgiAiaaticmai stxuctuJDaa withcmt involving thmtaeXvaa
in tha bahanri^isaX i xoceaa which give ahai^ to the faiatetil
•tmctuxaa ana thoaa who az9 axpcaaaiy intaxaataa JUi changing
prcicaaaaa ignoring tha atxtMSturea that pzovidte a aat #ad
aituation to thair eonaan Mtnt pzocaaaas. Both of thaao appsoachaa
ac* lopaidad and thay naad balancing. Ma have nada attcaa|>t on i t .
if wa Cdftldl Map out tha influanca o£ anvizonaantal factor* on
hnnan fuifillaMmt, i t would hava laad to battar vaMlajataoding
of haiiin aiotivaticm on Jaba. St i l l wa hopa that tha praaant
•tudy ia ablo to anjphaaiaa on thia fact with mtiooal and
•eiantif ie atcain,
Ml ovarviaw of variaiia atudiaa rawaala that diffarant
toola hava baan umA tot vaaaoxing Jtib liotivation which piovida
auffieiaat gcoaad to eenfitatog and eontxadicting infaxwaoaa.
iaeb xaatalta do not bring na to any eoocluaion. Mi alao faal
a void of Atudiaa whieh dmtmxmixim tha faetora droMO out of tha
Indian aaaiploa. w* auggaat that thia ^mmm ahould ba f i l lad
• f
by •tiidyiisg « ir«ri«ty o£ Offonpc aaa unrmllinn dlff«c«nt taetm
ibcNit tliB hnnian notivatlen on jd»». V)iis eontimiity of
imm^xch i» this «<«« of study wil l thma onHy •nabla us to
gsnoraXistt ths psosant findln^is.
ti9S«iociua^fnr
mmm, J.3<
Shanna B.R.
Ald«xfttr, c.i^.
Aowtwong, *r.A.
i963 Tonracdta an understaodliiig of inwioity* «roti£Ra]l o€ Mmomal one! soc ia l IPa-^hologY* ^9* 432«>436«
l,$77 Qrati£lcattoQ« ntetamctivtitioc and Maslotf. Vikalpi, 2 (4) . Oct.
IS74 'Job ftotiVtettlcxial factors yii<3sr a i f f e r a i t orcHKtlaaticmal eilmates** iToceodin^s of ISth XntensatiGoal CoQQCvsa of Implied FsychoXo^y, Kc»tc»aX (Canada)* Qato«iC,
1963 A 8t«i(3y of amplopsas adjuatt^^mt nithin an<s witliout a i ^ work aittiation, Xn^iim Jousnal of Social HDXk» XXZX2* 4, 327-330.
1967 OrQaol^ati(;mal ateucturB and tmployeaa adjuatsiant. Indian Joucnal of Social WorX* xinfXZX, i, 297*301
1969 Ml anMicical t e s t of M9«r Theory of Ntman liaada. OtrQanisational Sahoirioar and Hman Vmxtcammncm, Vol.4, 142*175.
1971 iMi contant and contaxt factors xttlatad to aatiafaotiim for di f famnt ooeHpational lovola .
lOuxaal of Ap^iad Mychology* S S d h S7.6S.
1976 Ralatienahip batuaan goal c lar i ty , participatioo. la Goal mttiag and paraonality Charactariatiea, On Mb satiafaction Xn sc iant iJ ie Organisation* Jaumal of vsyebolooy, i l d ) , 103.10S.
70
n
Baima^ us. 1976
8a8U« C« & 1974
ae«r, M. X966
I3«t«« S,« 1966
Bliacigac^a* 1S»g 197S
ai«i , 8. («rr.)
BXood« K.R.
saatM« n . L .
81«», M.t . ft Bass* J .
Bo l^ i t , H. J r . 6 8«lilin9« 0 .
Boria«« l * 0 .
BoVttOQ* lf»IC*
1964
1969
1996
1941
1972
1966
1997
R«lati<»nshi{. of |»xfomene« of a«tisf«etien in stlMtlAtliiQ J«&«, Joumal of Ai pliod p«ycholo«r« 61<6), 721*727.
Exictitiiros and tho **satl«f«ietififi CyelA*. ladiaii 43i3ttEn«l of iCM^etrlal Illations* 9*4), S07~$1S*
t<iNid«mhli> «B| o3ro» lutAds «ni3 «ot l -•atioric ColwMbQs l^c«a» of tetfliwas noaoajceh* Ohio st«fc« university.
TtM <sotic«i3t of wox c adiiuhkimmti liiiin««o%tt Btadklmm in Voe«tioii«l SMiludE»ilitation« XX Mimunapolio* HianoKitA. Tho XmMatcial Mlationa Ctfitsa, Onivarsity of lUimaaota.
h pilot study of Job «Kytivatii» of aalaslad class and «rag» aamazsi Uapuiblishaa M«t>liil. dissoctation, DepaztiRant of i^syclKalo^* Ali^acii MusliM IRiivaraity, AliCNixh.
fjck oocupational study of jeb and naad satisfaoticai. Psychological llapoxt«r« 14(1)« ei-*e2«
Work valuas and job satisfaction. JOttmal of AVfiliad fsycholoor, 93(6) , 996^999.
Xndystilal psyehelooy and i t s social foMOdaticms, liajci»r» M.Y.
K study of asiployaa attitiidas tOMSJDds various inewnttvas. MnKMsnal* 19, 426-444.
OsfsiMSs swehanisKS tM an altamata •xplaaation of Hinft>aro*s netiiratofw t^«iana naaialts* Jounal of Appliad rayehology* 96(1), 24*27,
A hifitory of axparismital fS|^1)elo«y« TIsMS of India »r«as« 702-706.
Ceicslatas of ooeit|>atiooal attitiidss and msMistaney with siotivational thaorlas. aeeial seianeas» 22# 199-lAi
fi
Aldao« R.J,
BKoediing, u j u
m»i20Ck« i%«l>.
Biai!Jc@« B.,h»
Botlttr, ^.P*
iStttl«r« w.t».
C«%t«ll« J.II.
Cat«ttll» J.M.
C«R%»ni« R. ii
195% "nqdoystts ftttitudss ttod cnployKat prnximMmtavem" m Psyeheloo&cal BtiXto%Jji« Sa(S)* S96.424.
197S mpioyMi (••et ions to itib ehara-elutriatlcat h eonstzuetiv* npHeatUiR* Joucnal of i^$4ind PayeholiHry, 60(3). 182-»Xe6.
3,975 B«lotioii»hip €»£ InintxnttlMixtuiinal iKffitffol t o ifoxk ttotisratioa and pmKtomnmcm ixt an CRpoctaney nodal. JOiisiuil of Af^iad psy >-ohoXo^y* 60(1)« 6S->70,
X9S3 social factor* solatod to Job ««tlsf4i«tloo« Haa. mmo^ms^ tio.70, Colomlma* Ohio. Oliio staito imiv* •v«ity« auroau of iustoosa itoaeajeoh*
1966 Aco fiind>@r9*8 Vkstiv&t03» afi«l Hjf l gWMHi lAidiaMMEiaJUmftX* Joufnal of Applied Psychology* S0(6>, 317*331.
19S9 Job aatlafacticm tttnong foraman. Paraonnol PiraetJUzal Bullet in, 15« 7*15.
1961 Job a«tlafactioin Msonig foxaiMn. ponoimol pracstical So l lo t in , 17iil)« 5«14.
19S9 Ceevavgaiit and diaeciotijiant valida* t ioo by ttia Miltitnit<i-4MltiMothed •atrial. Psychological iul l«t ia« S6, 61-106 •
19Ca fha tiam ef poseaption aa a MNtaauio «l diffacwooaa in intonaity* phiioaopbieal Stiadiaa, 19« 63*66•
1903 s ta t ia t ioa in JUMrican paychelogiata. iMMxieaa Jounial of Payeholo«y, 14, 314-396.
1966 XRtfiMio UBA oictxinsie Job iMHii-•aitlAiia «aion9 diffaraot aigoanta of tha woikiiig populationa. oC Ap9iiMl payelielogy* 90(3 )• 193*197.
71
Cliaikt* Bmn,r» IM2
Cccmctt»<ich, h,J, 1949
OKHMifiga, T.G. & J1976
i3ovl8« K. & 1970 Alliin# G*R*
SMwgt K.S. <i 1947 Pateraon, D»C.
D»Md, K.G. 19€e
Oiiay«lMi« A. <i 1966 li«ylor. J.C.
I9uiie«n, O.B* 19S7
OomMts, K.O.* 1967 CiiK9b«ll« J«l>» It ltili«l, M.
l i s ter* U.S., 1979
Ni«BttriiiQ that f «etozs that Mdic« tht rt> tntttmstino. f%ra«9«iii«l jRoui»«l« 11, 1<*4.
Mhttt de thtt beaa«s thlrdt. t«4Mia0WB«it» 6, 66*69 •
AdVicaiowft
fts<tratl&l9 of l>syc>M3lo«ioal Testing.
Satisf«eti«m, icab InvolvainQiit and Intrinsic notlvationt An •adMNsslan of Lavler and f u l l ' s fsctor a n s l ^ i s . Joojoisl of A| c41«<3 l^ycholoQy, 61(4)« 523-52S.
impedcsl vsassxch cm tho bsals &aA a>ri«ls t8s oC mariafierial n o t l -vaticKit h R«iri«w o£ I4,ter«tura« Pmyctiologicia mxllittin» 70, 127-144.
X«B{i1ih of time that f«ctlizig pers is ts for Htrsberg's ^otivaticmal and saintiffiiancc factors . Personmil PsyefK»l09y, 23(1}« 67->76.
**ChaiiQ(Eis in soc ia l status of oeeupfttions"» Oecupatioos, 29, 209^206.
A esstfHiratlire study of jsb Kotlva-t ien of Blue Collar and lAiite Collar
Xndiaa jsottmal of social f, 19(4) , )79.1«7.
The e f i e e t of variat ieo in Cee. Metries epon the obtained fo l i cy
aikl »syehele«lesl Nsasenamts . 26, 99i-604.
t e s t for eorxeleted 9 ^^we^^^'eespflfc WW* s aed Nitieeeei
19, 164.176.
rectors eentrlbtttiati to JSb s e t i s -feetioa and JSb dissetisfeetiAB In
set ionel •ehwriettr end mmm »« 2U)« 14I-176.
Need straeture snelys is and Osieni-satiooal a e l i e i e s . Psych»lo«l(Sel Ht^Afts, l 7 U p t . 2 } , 112»*1121.
t4
«v«n«« N*G,
IEVM1C# M*6*
oHWEIf R»B»
KWHI |K«B»
iktiiii* c . t . St
icarr* s*
Flmukgan* J . c .
n.«i«Yn«ii, E.A.
1967
1966
1976
19S4
196S
1973
rgt«AlM)amt, r.
fTlttdl«mS»r* F.
Pri«dl«ii6«r, r.
1969 coacvKxtual MKI opaxtttional pxtiblmm in tiMi n9Amir«iMBmt of ••eious aspects of j«it> •«tlsf«ctien, joumal of Apiaicsa fsTchology. SS(2h 93-101.
1971 lit»b«rQ*« tw9 factor thvoxyt One iRor« tast . stodlsa of Foirtcmiiol P«ychology# 3(1), 4S<«49,
1964 smm aetflnmlnants of |ob «ati«fac-tioat h study of omMirality of Htn^rg** Tvo fi«tory Theocy* JoQxnal of j pidLiodi Payeholegy, 4e« 161-163.
i«iii9ht8a oowpononts ^ job sat i s -factioo. JOusial of Applied faychology* S l ( l ) , 66-73.
im aiRpesieal teat of flsin^jt9*a f MO Factor Thaory* Josunal of iVP|4i«6 Itaycholegy* S0(6}, S44-550.
Managacial prooeaa wad orc^tiiaa-tiooal l>«ti«vlor« ftad Sdition, soott* Fo&aa»en and Oo., < Unnriew XZZ, 200-201
Critical iRcidaDt Taehoi<|iia« iHiy*-eholoffical Bullatia, Sl,337-3ii.
AttitiMtoa varaua lOdll factora in tfOiEk gnwp f^KOdnetivity. paxaemial Payetiol*«y, 9, 339-340,
Nirrilarv'a Two Faotor Tliaocyi Oenaiatottey varaaa awthod dapandaacy, Pmmtmml Fayelialofy, 36(3}« 369-373.
1963 UAdarlyioQ aa«Kcaa of Jab aatiafae-tiaii. JOMxaal of Appliad paydiolo^y, 47, 246-3S6.
1964 Jci> ehtraetariatiea aa aatiafiaca and diaaatiafiara* Jattjenal of A ipliad ffayehalogy, 46, 3M-39S.
1969 nalatiiwiatiip batnaae %\m iapoctanca and tha aatiafaetion of Tarioua amrirooiMmtal faetoia. JooaMl of Appliad Fayeliol««y« 49, 160-164.
n
rrimAiuiamr, r.
ClKMlb, S .N* 6 SlwlkXa, S«K.
Baylor* f •A. &
anith, vr.s. &
Hftrds, B .v .
CnM9« C»B»
CSMH9i# C*B«
OXIMII, 0«S,
J19««
1974
1967
1977
1960
1974
1966
1966
1969
MotiVAtimia t» woxic and erf(inil««-> tionsl psffoiKane*. JoufMl of ApVllo^ Payeholomy* 50(2), 149«»192.
OriPiiiiMiticmal dnmlopiMint. Amntal lt«vi««r of Psyebcdogy, Vol, 2i» 31S-94I.
A •tudy of corcolato* of jcib tmtim-£ action of a Qfoutp of TolaQXai^lata. Indian Jouxaal of A$i|»ll«id Psychology, 4(2). 43.S0.
Mm of J«t» aatiafactioa mnong nala ana fwMtlos A mltivarlata m l t i ^ •itnroy 8«udy« JOognal of Appllod faychology* 62(2), 189-193.
A aoir diMmaioR in mmmixm woxala* Hanfazd fsusiness Bovicrw, 30* 105*107 •
MB aaugninatioR of Sealin(g Bias in fftmibaxig's TiMOcy of Job satia* faction. Oxffaniaational Baharior awl maan Parfoxnanai. 11(1)* 106-121.
i dMidMa to *An Eferparieal Taat of tlia M0fiibax9*a Two faotor Thaovy.** Jioiifnal of Anpliad Rtycholeoy* 60(6), SSl-SfS.
t)Mtli»« Traditional and 2 factor Mottoaaia coocamino jab aatiafae-tMM. Jawmal of Ap^iad Payehology, 92(1), 166-371.
HMtWMiB tal i ty Thaoiy of mA Notivaftion. dOMa aaqparinantal laaulta of awofiaatod a^difioiition. Moaial of Apviiod myeliolofiy. 93(2), y « 2 (MaiM^itt^).
csxaon, O.B. & lUliA, C.I*.
1966 to "Ml ftiyarieal swoati-ffstiao of Two aq^ioationa of Two fiaotory Thaory of Jdb aatlafaetiaii. ^Biixoal of m l i a d Fayeholoay* §2(4), 341-34iT
7«
omaantnlA^ JUVi.
Oiu«ky« 0,
Gttl«ti# A.X.
HiiajLay# K»6.
fill}., D.T« 6
fiap«cn« o .
I* So A*
1971
11962
1962
1969
1971
1974
1966
1966
1974
19S0
19S6
1962
lMil«v«Bey In the t«at of M»ti<r«toiw MQffilmMi Theory. Joufnol of Apg^od t>oyet»lo«y. 99(1 >• 71-79.
h otitdf o f iMtivotioo of lofduotrial •upocvioovo* posocmnol P9ychQle«y# 1SU)« 303->$14.
*Mithoflt«ri«ai»i aiul e f foet lvo indoctrlAfttioiii A cose stttay*, AdtaiiaiiftJC«tivo 96imios oiactorly^ 7» 7S»9$ •
A tttudy of aM9tiiratix3ci tctvanSa imiooJJMition* fiidUUfi Jeumal o€ Ziid««tcial nolatiCNM, 6 (1} , 66»
Sffployao jcoActlona to job ctmsttctosw istjbos, jouKnol of Appling Fsyeho-looy« SS(3}« 299*>377«
ConiNsiit Qa zocaco'o S«tiafled ana ALmmmtiatimA amaag MhitM osd bluo eollttr OMployotto, ooumol of A|»]^llad Psycnolotnr* S9(4}« 9G7«-S0e.
**Aa «MPilaati<m of Koslow*» Hlojcttsclty in o» orgimistttlocioi s o t t -IA0** OcfMRiaaticaial BohMrioiir tand IMIMUQ ForfojORMuieo, fife* 12* 39*
*ftol«tiv« CoBtrlbiitions of MO«iir«tor «ad liyf^tMio foetoro t o cnroxoU Job • o t i o f o t t i o n . OOitcnol CHE AppHoA »oycholo«y« 63(3}« 196.200.
Aofilleotioa of wliito c o l l o r bluo e o l l * r d i f fexoaeoo in ooiiiooo of •«t i»f«ct ioa oRd 4i«soti«f««tioi}, JOMiaol of AMPltiod 9oyctiolO0y« 99(3}. 369.270-
avoluotion of tlw ooployoo ott i tuaoo. mavrntKiml Nodictl suKVoy, 19(9)« 409.412,
Foyehology of woDui* ^fmmml, 14« 391-296.
Wtm «9preo«li In iMkii««HMiit ocfHiio Mtioo ood J«l» dooi«ih-l. ai6Mit«iol •MMlieino Mio 9as9»*y, 31« 477-461 •
If
iftiniHirG* F*
Hlailclws, «r.fl.
itiaelifciiid, UA,
Hlns* G«K«
MBMMSIS« 0 » C .
HouMtr* J . o .
Niilin, C.i*.
i ts?
1999
i9«e
1967
197S
i 9 i e
19«l
19SS
1919
X9U
19M
tfm m>tlir«timi to noik M M O ^ Finish aiip«iirisor«. vmoa iMl Fsvchelo^y, l t ( 4 )» 393-401.
*iMo ttttXtwBmm trnwimting of maooieh aod oplnioii*. 1KlttiilMtr^ttsyctM»lo> 0ie«l aiijnrsy of F i t t i b o r ^ «
KGtiTKtioti to lioflc* idLloy* Haw "Msifc*
A fopUcotod otuay of job satiofac-tiott dimMoions* Mcsoimol F»y» etielofly* 21« 499^903.
"Saqporlcal d»3 tlwoixitical liMltatlonui of t«fo foctor hypottMiaia of job •ot iafact ion* Jouxnol of Ai^lled »iycholOQy« 91(3 }# 191-40C.
Ccosa cultucal difforanooa in Two Factor tfotlvatioiial Thaory. JEmmal of ApplioA Paycliology* 9tl3}« 375«37t.
l i i aaiperlcal ImraatiQatlon of ttia tmnbmvg fiathedloloinr WMS tm» Factor Tliaory. Or«aiilaatlonal Balvnror «o6
K 3 ( 3 ) , 399-309.
soolol Iwhairlour* i t a oloawntary • • T . flisoouct Sraoo ii world.
Job aotlafaetloo* tiarpar and itow#
iiB€k«w-ittll« N.y,
h •oeood look at tlia Motivation erf induatr ia l Mipaiviaora* roraannol Payeliolooy. 14(3) , 349-394.
Job aatiafaetion and tum-ovor in faa^lo o lor ieol fopulotieno* Mttsanol of Afoliod Foyoholoffy* 99(4) , 390 .3M,
,1949 ^^\^9lw«!ao of yoxiotlon in jdn «i4 liCa s ^ ' - ^ ^ aS^uPMitien, tba lolo of aaiawMiity
i#|ic]Mil««ad irari4»laa. JaoMal of Mi4)J«yeholo«y« 93(4)« 379*391 •
c. '^kMkM 'S{%iMrmm^'^^'l
n
m i l * j.M.
Xvmcwvieh* j.K*
j«)3t>«r, II.
JtoJTQMUMII* C*Si
iti?
itn
19«»
1973
1974
1»72
1974
1971
# € • # * •
19«4
1946
19t7
An «iip*iri««l lmr«itipiti<m of two 111 4 icatiiMtt of fSm Voetory Thtocy of JTflb sotisfoetiim* JouwamL of Apfllod »oyotaolo«y, Sl(5>, 99«-402.
mqmamitm onolyolo of thxoo ir«Kl«tion» of Yno Pictory Thtocy of job •otiofoetlcm* Ammol of Affpliod voycliology^ S5(3), 211«217.
Thtt aotr MBXfc lis ltotiv«tlo» Tlieory for Or«init«tlon«l mtmammh* »m»n OtvmimutlaRt mmmr^ 104.
Boteorieiir In orfpnisotlonsi A mfmtmm «fpro«eti to fMUMiQliiQ* lid^iaoo»M««loy« Vfmam,, S7»
l(»«ljUitiie oxfiectiitiimo mm tm old IA io<kieiiHi voltmtory cesigBatiOEio* g^^xnal of Aiijpliod Payctiolo^ff, §9* 4Sa->4SS.
SQIMI folatiCKio botHOon jcii ondl l i fo ootisfitGtion and Jdb Jy poctoneo, joumoi €»f Appliod f»irciioiotnr« Stf(4), 3G1-304. Sffoets of 900I oottifio €m p«i> focmuMO OIMS job oofeiofootiiin* Jouniol of Aii^iod pmjfctmiagft • K i n 40ft.«&2. A otttdy of J4rtb aottfotioitol foctoni o f «MelHiK»f lllipd>llol«d N.A. Dio«ojEt«tiOB« timmttemmt o f voyehol-Offif* AliOftdl Nltolll Aliffsrh*
Ali«ftcli Nitoiin Ihiivonitir*
A ^poatitotivo oiMilyoos of oaqpioaaod IMiffofiMMOoo for oooyoaootloo 9lMio. JtaMxnol of AgylAoa foyebolow, 49(4), 201-210,
•lAMit Job opi^icronts look for io « oonMuny*** MiroiNBMiol wycliolofly* l U ) , 413-449.
•iKtonoiee of Moltivlo xwigi toot of wmmp ConolotoA AtfJitotoA Mooao*, ll«Mtii«« 13# 13-19 •
n
KMtmXl, B.A», tt«xv»tt« U.S. Ci
K4nr«iiftifh« i f . J . ,
M0llllS« !*•
iCll«iS« A .
fCitlQ^ H«
fcitctiuir* N.K*
iQ»l«t«d, A.
wlWWfcWBWI^^WUff^Wiifc # v % #
mlilMRy i i . o .
IMl ^ab ••tisiMrtian and Jcto p^cfov^ Manes «iidi •ituational ^tmtmtmw» i«t le« , ijiouccuil e£ Applied
1970 mtiafaetion mS Honia of l^xwwn as • futteticm of iildMUlo mmmk9»w*9 povfoBumee. JomnaX of Appllad payeholooy, S4(2}« 14$*15«.
1972 A comr AJcativtt studlir of Job motives tJUm of univoRiity toootwra mtA olasioaX mtmit, impubiiahod A.A* DlOMiKtation, DajMixUMMit of l^ychoiooy, Al.i9«xti HuaXlii Univ.* Alicaxt*
1976 Goal aottJ^g on prodtaetiipity «id satlafaction in an oirQaaiaatlenal aattlnQ* jAiixial of Api liad Fo^holofiy* 61<1)» 48*57•
1970 Cladf icatien ma& auralnation of TMO Factory Thaoxy of JfOb satla-factioo. l^ycliological Bull*, 74{1)» 16-31«
196S "flolationabipa tNitwiaii oenaral and spaeific attltoaaa towavaa ^mtk and ctojaotiva job pavfoaaanea for outdoor advortlalno aaloaMO.* JoosMl of Appliod Poyehology* 49(6}^ 4SS*4t7.
19)9 ttqpleyoo attttodaa in a dapaitiwot • t o n . ^usaal of Appliad payeholo^ 9Sr, 22» 47Qb>479.
19S9 Attitudaa of Oataoit paoplo toifaida Datsoit. wayno Univ. Koaa.
19d ntodoo poieoivod naada aatiafoetion witb oceopation. iMmsnal of Aiqpliod »»yctiolo9y, 17(1}« S«.«4.
1971 Ooaa jab ptiforaMnoa affoet aaiployoa aatiafaotlenf jpocaennal Jboiaal* 90(4), 4Si*4i9.
1997 Ptaaaioaota of aattiafaotioa in •WHW^O^al faa l^om^v^VV|^H^^^PaO^^ a^^O • f c a » ~ ^ ^ * * ™ ^ ~ ' " *
of uppliad l aycliolo«y« i l l ) ) 294*299•
• 0
UmAY, F.J«
tmnma, J.M. J r . 6
Imtlmx, M»u,
tdSMlex, S . s .
Httll, O.T.
t«ihiB«n, K.nr.
X4nfin« K*
Oofi«f« L.
X96S
1 9 t i
1973
iS70
X972
X9M
X93S
19C7
IiOCiCA« S«A»«
Lpokiif S • A*
teeka, E,A«
faction p»rfCMD»«ncMi MXatioasKips.* JcMfHAl <»£ Apsillied nsyeholo^« SS(S}, 40«-4X«.
ii»i^tt« satisfaction «s critosisn s isoMMil fsycheXogjr* ift(i)* 39»47.
Psy and oxipnisatioiial sffsctiMi* nmm9* MCGemh'HLllt Boom Cf»«, lf«y.
Motivaticn in woxk organisations* 8ooks/Col« pyi»ii8hin9 Oe.« HoBtsi»y« Calif.* SO.
nalatioaship of Job oharactofistics to J43l> involvMMint* satisfaction &n^ intcinsie Motivation* J^oumal of AP9 i<( Psycholoiiy, S4(4)« 30S>113.
"A casual eonnilation test of ths naoa liioimcehy concopt". Organisational Botittvioor and mmmR ^rfoasanca, 2<S-3fi7.
Opperttmity* awbility* tmC, satisfac* tion with iadttstrial organisation. •oeial roccos# 4«(4)« 493..SQ1.
A dynosic ttisory of parscmality* H.Y.» lfe<sr«if*ltt.ll.
A NMsfeorB Tlisofyi criti<iiM sna AsfoBMlation. JBuxnal of Applied Psyeliolo«y« Sl(4|yt.l), 330->339.
X9iS Ytos rslationship of task ooeooss to task Xiakiags and satisfaction* JonniaX of AVfXisd PsychXofV* 49 (S), 379-39S.
X9i9 WiMt i s satisfaetiooT Organisational Botewrior and MsMn forfosianeo* 4C4). 309-334.
1978 XB dsfonoo of dsfOnoo asehaaisMi •MM ooBSMMits of md»»it mA •oKXing. JOomaX of JifpXiod p«yelioXogy« 94(4)« 397*399.
91
l4OK£lfM0 l « A * 1971
t»th«IMI« F»
^aeiuBov, D«
H«slOir« A«H*
HaslOir* A*ft.
nmlom, A«H.
MAtMli. T . ii
If74
1969
X977
1972
1943
19S4
1962
1975
197S
li«yo« t . 1941
lf«Cl«lUiid« O.C. 1961
m9mmf» o«M, 1940
NsOlMkfWB* F»«ir* 1949
SiktiaflAcs and dls»«tisf i«ra tpeoQ whit* «ollAr and blna <M»ll«r «i9ilttyMii. JkNuoal of Appllad myehetogy* S9(l)« 47«7C.
Soiixcsas of satisfoeticm and diaaa* t l s f action mumg aolid wasta iMma-
|BMnt afiq(doyoo« Jouxoal of iM^lad S«ycliG(l09r# S9<2}# 14S»1S6*
jitf joatiuMit of wezk* hpj^mUm Oanttirsr^ Ccofta. £i*Y.
0!i9Malaati(»Bal babanrloiair* MsOxaw-filll, iQiKpinatia iAd.« £<mdo».
TIM woxk |>attecna «Rd satiafoctlori in an l a x t o l i KiblMatst A l i a t of tlinlMvro lijrpotliasia. FBraonnal raychology* 29C3>* 463*493.
A ttiaory of hman motJfiration* l>8y-choloQlcal tmfimt, 370»394,
Motivatioii and parsooality* H.Y,, HasiPKr and new.
fowasda a famonal i ty 9it baiiiQa. ^ineaton^ cr.J*t Vto Hoatmsd.
MlatloBa bottiawi aapaxviaofy iMtivatiofi and oooaldaiatlion and •tflttotuca aapaeta of aupoiviaoxy toahairior. Jtiiinal of Ai^iad 9&pi^l9m» 40(4), 451.4S4.
A OMOa eultuxal attidy of va l id i ty of tlia oxpaotanoy tliaosy of i«i» i»t tvat ioB, Jpitfnal of Afpliad Myolioloiiy, 40(2), 343-248.
9»cial pwdbUmu of an indlvlAial e i r i l l aa t ian* Boatont Hacwaxd imivaxaity.
yht «elii«vin9 aoeiaty, o.Van. noatrand Oo« 1nc*» Pdneatan* M.J*
Tht taynan wiOm of oatojcpriaa, lf*y.,
iKpactoantal payeliology* A Mttmdolo. 9loal avpfoaeh. Pfontlea^Nftll* lf«y.
• 1
Hikes* P . a . 6 NttlirO* C*Xf«
Gaiter^ p.B. &
OBlbOWlti, H.
meter, I«.fi«
fwxmitt N«c.
MywT** U . S .
li««l«y« S«M,
ll|«tlOlMNI« ii.#
OlHMMtt*, H.O.
1906
196i
1909
19«3
1967
1970
19$3
19SS
19»4
1964
197«
19M
:f9nm^l eC A99li«d Psychology* S3(3)* lft4.187.
Us* of importaiice «s tfSighliiQ em^0am»tm of |«I> satIsfaction* Jtoomal of Applied Psychology* S2{9)« 394.S99.
ttis conaaqfooncas of saxvay fOed ttodct thaory and avaluatioo. mtsaaX t>8ycholofilcaX Ravlaw, 1970«
A foread ehoiea RMtaaujEO of aa^loyaa attitodos Ilia aaqployar parfocmancw Zmrantory* Joucnal of Xodiastjtial Psychology* 1(2)* 44.S0.
CoRipacativo laanagarial cole par* oaptioo in ffilitary BO& haslnass hiosarchy. Joocnal of Apitliad Psychology* 51(6)* 6^-452•
tim xalatiooahijp of iraloa isiportanoa to sotiafaction. Organitational Baharior ana TUman t>*rfosRiaaoa. S* 4a9*-493 •
satisfaction in tha whita collar jab. imiY* of Hichigan Pvaaa* Ann
Tha f^Miction and sMianing of wailc and jal». MairieaB aaciological
20, 191-198.
Hho asa your aiotivatad woigkmsmm Haiwaid Boaiaass Aaviaw, 42(1)* 73-9».
Oataia^ning woikar pafionMHieaa «Mng aaqployaa toonafit PKogrwiiiaa. oouinal off Appliad paychology* 49(1 )• 7*12.
liiaaooa ff«ai woidc and job so t i s -faction, ooumal of JNPpliad Psychology* 61(6)* 726*797. Tha sola of financial oon^aBaatian in iMduatcial aotivation* Psyehologieal BttllatlA* 66» 94.119.
•s
Otpm, C. 6 # A *
Osbom, R.ii. fit
fatchan, Ft.
l^im»in^« J«f^»
p@8tQiiJ«e* D.fi.
Peiiteiii«tt« D« «<;i
MktAt, 9 . 8 . &
W75
i9« l
1966
i t f o
1979
1969
1974
1971
« li.lC. fit B«»tt« 0«
p0tfS0 t^W.
E*oirt«r» XMM*
1973 Thm i«l«ti¥* contrHmticft of contsat end context factor* to Jol> sotisf«etlGn «ii«titf elouxod factory fmtkma* Journal of BohtfTloral mlmxm, 1(9), 369*366.
Aalatlema botwoon loaiSoralilp • !•« , OZMS «iA>ex6toato aatiafoetioi) In voltuntary oripaiaaticm. Jiounial of Ai^lad Psychology, 60(6)« 73e«73$.
The c^«ic« of wagB comparioora* Pceiitico Hall, K,y«
acientiata in organisation proauctlve el8iB@nt aQ<! davolopRant, wllay, ^.Y.
Hark value syatiMia of «fhlte collar voskora. Hidli^iatrativ® soienco (Hartorly, 19(4}« S97»«}6.
OrgUQisatlonal structures azi€l Jc£> attitudes* Miaerva, Calcutta.
Occuifttionel values of imlversity teachers* ]k»aiftn f^y<^iological mmimi0 6(1), 23*a5.
Xn handbook of psychologit-al «aid Social zsstrinients* ssMasthli AlMwied«]»gi6« 367»190.
tlinriMrg*s theory of Jcft> Motivationt AS eiBperical api^reisal* Unaian myehelogical Meview, 7# 3. 19«4i*
1972 A study of jcH aotivation of Ikidi«» enseutwes. Xndian JOUIBSI of Xsdiiatrial itolstions, 9(1). 3-16.
1961 Study of perceived need satiafaetioo i s iMattosi and middle sMBMipaiiient joba. Journal of kpplluA Rinrchology, 4$, 1*10.
1963 Job attitudea in nanatenenti 1, l«reeived defisiencias in need fulfilvent as • function of )tfo level . JSMsnal of Applied Fsycbolomr* 4i, 37S-394.
• 4
Mai« A»iC.
iioges, C.
m^«a, ^.w*
:^t»Hm« K* ft
Utift
19«i
i99S
IL942
i t t e
I960
lfS7
i9«9
1964
1947
ssixvsswAVtt ltfto,a.V. I.9t0
8«iv««iMixm il*e«G.v. 1971
iM xmlmtlan to j«t» Attitudliis andi
«4» 3UI«»5*»
ftieliaiS^i* &• I f v i n * Inc. , fimm vooA, HZ*
f«od^ctlvit|^ ttOQiai organ;UaticNr}i
T«ristoek«
Wmtan^ tlQ«tfMt;€m« Mi f f l in * Ci?.
SidiirMiittl €B9pd aitu3tiofi«l i r a r l ^ l t s K«latiiiQ to | i ^ sat isfact ion, joaznal of tks^XI^A Pmy^Ttmlegys $4(1}« W&st 21*
Koti^aticKi In wmmmgimemti h mtm&y of fouir nttnagecittl lanrala* iHrntmrnl o£ APPllaS ^yeholofr* ^ i 194*192•
saod aatlafactifm and anployao tiiinu. ovair* ioraKMmal S^ytcliolOfy* 10« itT-isa* jutr inaie iror^ts axtrl j iale orlMita* tJkm ami $db ««tia£«BHfclOB* OCK f*** t ioital PayeliQloiiy* 49(1}« 47*93 •
A9V «cia Imml of J«fe> M^iofaotian* posaamial Payctiology, 17(4) , 42i«4S0.
roetora I n ttia jab a*tla£ao%l«ii in V«Ulf« maiafi tfoenial of guiaaaian •^taeatioo. 9C1<»2)« 49-94.
Datamlaafita of job aotiafaotion la awnaotrial pocaomioli A toot of ninlNiCQ'a Vwe factor Thaory* 2a«3iiatrial Man^gar* 1 (Oet.-Oae.)» 99-43.
jRofe aatiafaetion of i i^ti iatf ial aa^lofoaai h ^pioatiaiuiaiio for Maaaiiriof i t . maitatr ia l 2 (JUly-aap^.h 297-S0».
!amK9m»tm*kf 8«!0«0.V. It73
amxwmmtmxm lt«o,G.v. 1973
sttsveswaxa Rao«G,V. 1971 4 cvnguU* tr.
fit Ganguli, ¥ •
& Qanp«thi atto* V.
sebftff^r, it,H.
set»ia» l .H,
3elM«iAir« ft. &
i . l d » ^ . J * ,
3htrltfoii« J«B, fi
1973
1953
19«9
197S
1963
1943
1940
197S
Itatriaalc «Bd «xtrlofllc fa«tor(i in Job sat i«f action of Mils eterieal
17 <J«n«}« 4Sh»S2.
D«t«xiniii«Rt« o£ job satiafaetion of XotdiMi ongiiitttisai A ta«t of Two factor tliaor^r. Zucsian JeuxnaX of Zii«l«tjci«l Bolations, 3(4), •OS-419*
h mtuay of jpttroairm& oaod aatia* faetim *aui j^qportam^ of M^tly iikillad IM& unalcillad paesonnal* Stidian Jouxnal of Iftaustrial Rtlations, 6« 277-387•
j<^ oatisfaetisMii of highly akilled peraocmolt A teat of ttm gaoerality of TWO fatGtowf ThBoiry. Zn<Si«uB
lottxnal of Asqpiliad iPsychology* 9« 36<*31«
A Study of factors contriXmting to aatisfaotlcm and iaqportance of iadktatcial pocscHinoli A taat of Two factor Tlieory. Indian %foasxmX of mduatrial ftalatiofi, 9(2)« 233*242 •
Jttb aatiafaction in «iork* Psyelio» logical Moiio9ra|>h, «7(14)# ito.344.
Ortpnioatiianal {NiyelioloQy^ lt*T«, FffiaticowiiKll* tialationaliipa botwoon jcb satis* faction and organisational cliMita. OCmnal of Afpllod psychology* •0(3), 31»*329,
Motivational factors anong supar-visers in u t i l i t y Industry. Mirsoonol Psycbolo«y» 14, 4S-93.
Oissatisfsction In work* Journal of Social MyotK}lo«y, 17* 93-97 •
Satisfaetisn in work* JCiamal of Gonsttltiim Psyciiol05nr« 4, 110.
Motivational dotamilnants of jCb pocfesnanea* Mumal of Appliad »syclwl««y« MCI), 119*121.
« i « 9 a i , 3«
aingh* P«H* &
Birns^t tu
aiiitui* p«s. &
SAnhtk, J.K,
iJLoeiiii, J«a,
Mlitht P.C*
wiiuuAts of elMuig» In yol ie* V IUAMS. «Nwiii«;i of AmpJlMd PsfchoiO0y«. 61(3}« 373-279.
i9S6 iieii«-|Nit«iMitric s ta t is t ics for t)Mi attMnrioml aei«ncas» XBtatnatifmaX atttdNmt M i t i o n * ttokyo*
i963 EsnkiQQ of job factojrs by factory voAmtm In XiMlia* IParaonnai fsyw choiogy* 16<i)* 39»33«
1,97$ X»foxm«tiGn totoQZvtion thmtttf, App^ Xl9& to oiqpoetmi |«b Attcaetivmiasa «A<3 sotiofaetion, JOUXQAI of AS^iiatit MiychoIogv# 60(S}« 6Z1*€33.
1962 tMlon ottitudaa and jcb aatiafaetioo in i M i a n woskara. Jtaiimal, of Apiaioa Psychology^ 4«(4)« 247-251.
1973 Study of aai f ecttcept, Jfib factoo« ac^ psycholoQicai factors of job sat isfact ion. 9oli«vioxpatrie. 3 (1 ) , 1«4.
1971 *lu»tivation in isaaaoerial loimlsi Milationships of fMMd satisfaetioo to Itib porfoxiMuiea*'• ^miwaml of ASPilod Psychology* 9S(4), 312-316.
19S3 TofOHanror factors as 9m»9mama by U t i t astorvioir* Joonial of Aiiplied Psychology* 37« 311-399•
1967 Vhs (tovolopnant of a wtthod of «aasiirin« j«b sstisfaotioot The Ooraall tftodias in porsonaol and JlBMlttstvial Psyehologir* I d . Pioishnan, • •A. f nwrisad Bditiao* Dorsy Prass, HMO MOod, 343-390.
1969 Vhm sMiasoraiiont of satisfaetian in tfoxk and lotifWBMnt, Chieago and MBlfally.
1966 m «»parieal aaalysia of ai^piloyoas attitadost Vrm Tro laetocy Vbsory Torsos tho Traditional Thoory of Jib satisfaction. Ooetoral fliosis# Oalwitoia iRiiv., S.T.
•7
,yolimm, H*H. It70
S9«4igoff« B.J.
siiiiild»e« R,
sta(por« R.
atascMnrifih, H « H .
i9S9
1971
i9S0
1973
Porter* um.
¥at«« II.w.
flMlindilM, B«Ii»
Vri«i>« lt.x.
Tri«t«t*G.
tlllfll>SOCK« il«S*
V«MH« V.H.
197S
19S6
19tS
19S4
19«i
1934
1994
1941
1940
MBtivfttion«l liyoi«mi Thtery of job •ttitndNis. AB XBNMMitigfttien iNid «n «tt«Hipt to SMMUCIIO both tlM« ono OMS ana ttw t«o foetor thoorios of Mb ottit«id««* oouxfiol of Ap^lofl p«yOlielo«y* 94(9), ^3*441,
job sotiofaction study of tiro floall int«or««iioo4 plaot*, Jtomnaml of Api>li«<i Pnycbelogy* 43CS}« 319.
XRtrloiic ana oxtxinsie j<A» sotio* foetion oB<3 Itibeitr tusEi«ovori h tgmmtlonnAim tttitdy of Aiiotcalian •wuiQsrs, OecttpotioiuUL Payebologsr* 47(1-3h 71-74.
Psifcholo^ical oopoct* of iAduotrial ecRsflictt ZX Kotivaticm. I^xoonnol Psycholo«y. 3* 1-16*
«3fei» factor iaipoctanco for jcb oatia-faetion and diaaatisfaetlon across diffonmt ocxstipatlonal levols . Journal of Applied F«yoholo^« 94(4}« 447.471.
Job charaoteristiea and Job a t t i -titdeai A lailtivasiate study* Journal of A ^ i e d Psycholow* 90(1 h 97-44.
Jtatiatics in Idbcation, NoMillan, ll.Y.
Korkors satisfoetion* Qec!upatioiis« 13« 704.704.
job aatiafaetiOQ and Oecupatienal status•9b|MA»lialied Master's Thisis* Michigan Otato Col 109* •
OcvaniaatioRal O IOI IMI , YwristoCkt
Mtitwdes of 4«430 ooployeas* Jsumal of fleelaX rayebolooy* %, 349-377«
Mork and ooti-vation, miey, M.Y.
fiiduatvlal oooial poycln^ow* iWMiel llvriaw of Fsyoboloor* XSZ, 413-444.
aWIHW^^Pep H H P w9wHp4»«»^^R)B4MW94eMi^^ WiWWo ^^^^jjj^w^rM^W^o
ottitvaes* wmmmmml »sf«bolo«r* i3« 139-140.
mXkmtt C.ft. &
i^flny* A.
yt9kt9t», h*K,
HltMMI, G«
l t73
1»76
3L9S2
1974
1977
1969
1973
1999
1971
A xmri*w ef s»«««x«b «n tlw lii*X9Xclqr tlMioryi Pcoe««dliiae o£ tlM» AMtaiy of Haaagtwiftt^r 514-S20.
mmmVBm tmmamiiSlmtmAM h mwimi of Sftotoxch on noMl tiiofocct^ thBocy. Ov0«ii«otio»«l aohmrier and mrnvn wmgtotmmem, IS, 312-240*
Tlw man on the aoflMMribly l ino.
Xffocts of sooliotic job pfoviowa OD i«l» oceopuneo, Jtib Attitndos «fl^ iliQb auzvivol, Joowal of Ap^iod Poycholocr, St, 3a7»332*
Ho—moii»nt •nS •MNmlBO of S«t> octiafaetion* 3mnmmX ef Ai f l ioa POfcholocv, SSCa), 9S-1I9.
A exoss ooetioROl tMrt: of aoodi Mocaxehy thaoxy* (^rgaRlaational Balk«viour aod Hmmn paxformmee. 18(1) . 76-97.
Tha u t i l i t y of topoctoneo waiflifea iB pxadictlnQ ovoxoll Job aotiaf«e« t ion and diaaatiafaotioii* Miioa^ t ional Motf roycholofifieal i4a«aoc«ai«nt< 29(2), S19-S22.
r^xtbar oorxolatod analyaia «f ftvo vaxaiono of Vwa Taotox Thaoxy of Jab ootiafoatlon. Vayohelovical
32(394,2), l l l f »1120 .
Coxxolatoo of Job oatiafaetloR atnl Jab diaaatiafootien aawin Caiialo olaxiaal tioiiiaxa, ^ooiaal of A9»liad foyoholofiy, 93(S), 399.391<
m anpaxieal toat of f l»o voxoiana of tha TM> yaotox' Thaoxy of Jab aaitiafaotioii, Oxvaniaaitiaaal
7(1), lt.24.
1941 Oiaoaitiafaotlon la of iaeial Payohalofiy, 13, 1«3«1M.
•9
mhmr. Max lt4i
mitu, J» & 8iic]ceXs# R.C,
vwfiBliRont, P*F.
19S3
i96e
/•cniiMxit, t'.r.. 1970
.4iyt«« W.F.
VJVUVnHVff^i^BB^F 0
19SS
1970
willlMMiOfi, T . i l . & 1970
, K. 1971
il0C£os<l« J,C* 1971
moOm, if.A. 1944
wyatfe, S.« 1917
•%(B©IR# F»6»lt»
tasays in •ooiole«y« Tmislat«d l>7 Qir th, R. and Mi l ls , C.ir.t (hcford miivvrsity 9x»s»t N.T.
Rttlationsbip b«tiM«s Jeb «*tis£«etioii and J«b iAvolvMMMit. fSoumal of Ap^lAd 9sycholo«y« 92(9}* 499*473.
Tim va l id i ty of dizact and iadixact ^ptaationaaiia.in naaaurin^ J i^ aatiafaotiai) , faxaennal l^aycbology* 6, 497^494.
Sntrinsie aad aittxinaic factoia in Jab aatiafacti«i« a^ootnal of m^i0A PaycholoffT, 90(1) , 41-90.
Ccnpafiaen o£ aouffcaa of pasaeiial aatiafaction «id «foc!K. iBOtiratief: • Joucnal of Appliod Paycbatogy* 94(1) , 99*101.
HoiMiy ac^ »otiirati(»}t An emalyais &i inowitivaa l a indua^cy, Haxper« Haw yoxk.
jiQb oaada, Jfib aatiafactioii , and Job Batwnriof of MMMn i^iuial noxk^cs. jsousnal of AppliMi iNiyatiol09y# 94(2) , 197*192.
jcA> aatisfaetioQ varialblfBa mmag iatnala o lar iea l ««oidc«ca« Jouinal of Jkm^imA Fayehology, 94(3) , 349-349.
ftia ooMMii^ of Jflb aatisfaetiaB tmang woikasa in patt iei i lar in Mioaiian indaatiy. Jtatamatienal Mviaw of Appliad FayelMlOfiy* 20(1) , •7«77,
l tw «Mytiirational baaia of Jab aatiafaetian and J4b pacfomanoa. faraooaal 9ayebalo«y« 24(3)« 901-916.
iRttloyaa attitiadaa and t b a i r xolatiooa to aioxala. Journal of Apfliad Paycholo^y* 29, 299*301.
latifHO aad bosadon in laptit lwo «fOi» . BidilBtiial Maalth, naa. M p . lio. 77, 43*49.
»0
If71
ZitlMaJUc* A«, lfS8 Chri«tMis«B« C.R.6 iio«tliliiibe»g«r* F . j .
tUdttatdaX myclioli»52y* Qkfbsil Onitmsiiity Pssss, I endoii* 19S*
tlHi notivati<m pxoductiYity «fid •at i s faet lon o£ «oi^k«rsi A pVKdieticm stiMly. fKMitoa iHvisloii o£ il*a«Ai6h« Raxvaxd Business
APVyM-^lX 1-A
This is not a psychological test, and i\ou are
not required to reveal qour /dentiti/. This is an
investigation related to one's life and u/ork.
Its success w/ould entirely depend on i our
whole hearted cooperation and frank responses.
Note : ( 1 ) The informations that you have to give, are about your present job.
( 2 ) Please do not write your name or sign this form.
YOG BHARGAYA M M . Research Scholar
Under the Supervision of Dr S Sultan Ai<htar DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH.
1. Think of a time in the past when you felt specially good or bad about your preient
Job, that is, when you were very happy and satisfied or unhappy and dis-satisfied
with your Job. Can you think of such a high or low point in your feelings about
your Job ?
Please write it below.
( 3 )
2. People like to have msny things in their Job. When they get the desired things in the
job they become satisfied. Their absence leads to dis-satisfaction.
Can you tell us as to what things have made you satisfied with your Job ? You have
to write them below in order of preference. The aspect that has been most satisfying
is to be written first, in this manner you have to write three satisfying aspects.
(A).
(C)
Similarly the aspects of Job that led to your dis-satisfaction have to be written below
in order of preference.
The aspect that has been most dis-satisfying is to be written first. In this manner you
have to write three dis-satisfying aspects.
(A)
(B).
(C)
{ I )
3. (a) Out of the factors given below, you have to indicate those which have been
satisfying to you for most of the time, that is, for most of your worl<ing life and
also those which have been dis-satisfying to you for most of the time.
You are required to put (\/) mark with-in the bracket against the factors that
have been satisfying to you. The factors that have been dis-satisfying against
them such a mark ( x ) is to be put with-in the bracket.
Important Note :—It is possible that the same factor might had been satisfying
and dis-satisfying as well, thus you have to put both the marks ( V X ) with-in
the bracket.
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
, 0
FACTORS
To complete a Job sucsessfully
To be singled out for praise
To like the actual tasks involved in getting the Job done
To gain responsibility for own or other's work in a Job
To change status through promotion
To be happy with ones' earnings
Change in a Job which could lead to further growth
To experience satisfying social interactions with one's subordinates
To obtain social status through Job
To experience satisfying social interactions with one's boss
Response
( 5 )
S, No.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
FACTORS
To experience satisfying social interactions w i th one's co-worl<ers
To liave competent supervisor
To be in a company wit t i good policies and administrative procedures.
To have good physical surroundings on the Job
To have one's personal life affected for good by occurances on the Job
Objective indications of security (such as Job tenure and company stability)
To have housing fecil it ies
To get transporation facilities.
To get medical fecil it ies.
Health suitable for the Job.
To like leave policies.
To have opportunities for recreations.
Experiencing no feelings of castism on the Job
Possibility of mobil i ty w i th regard to work.
Participation in decision making processes.
Responce
3. (b) Out of the factors given below you have to indicate those which have been
satisfying to you for some of the time, that is for short duration of your
worlcing life, and also the one which have been dis-satisfying to you for some of
the time.
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
FACTORS
To complete a job successfully.
To be singled out for praise.
To like the actual tasks involved in getting the job done.
To gain responsibility for own or other's work in a job.
To change status through promotion.
To be happy with one's earnings.
Change in a job which could lead to further growth.
To experience satisfying social interactions with one's subordinates.
To obtain social status through job.
To experience satisfying social interactions with one's boss.
To experience satisfying social interactions with one's co-worker.
To have competent supervisor.
To be in acompany with good policies and administrative procedures.
Response
( 7 )
S. No.
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
FACTORS Response
To have good physical surroundings on the job.
To have one's personal life affected for good by occurance on the job.
Objective indications of security ( such as job tenure and company stability).
To have housing fecilities.
To get transportation fecilit ies.
To get medical fecilities
Health suitable for the job.
To like leave policies,
To have oppertunities for recreations.
Experiencing no feelings of castism on the job
Possibility of mobil ity w i th regard to work.
Participation in decision making processes.
( )
4. (a) Now you are required to rank the first three satisfying as well as the first three dis-satisfying factors, which have been satisfying or dis-satisfying to you for most of the time in your worl<ing life.
S, No.
]
2
3
Factors satisfying S. No.
1
2
3
Factors dis-satisfying
(b) Now you are required to rank the first three satisfying as well as the first three dis-satisfying factors, which have been satisfying or dis-satisfying to you for some of your working life.
S. No.
1
o
3
Factors satisfying S. No.
1
2
3
Factors dis-satisfying
( ^ )
S-D Employees Inventory Dr. D. M. Pestonjee (B. H. U.)
Carefully read the questions given below, against each question you have to respond
either by Yes or No. Please put such a mark (^/) either in 'Yes' or 'No' bracket. Which
ever you think is applicable to you.
Yes No 1 Do you work w i th good tools, material and equipment ?
2 Do the superiors reward good workers ? 3 Do you think that good people are respected in society ?
4 Does the idea of future mishaps make you worried ?
5 Are most of your acquintences reliable ? 6 Do your superiors sympathetically hear about your diff iculties ? 7 Does this job provide good opportunities for promotions ? 8 Do you feel that due to poor health you could not get ahead
in your job.
Do your neighbours help you when you are in some diff icult ies ? Do you sometimes think that you donot have those qualities
which others have ? Do you have to work with those persons whom you do not
tike much ? Do you often feel that you are alone in this wide wor ld ? Do you feel satisfied wi th the over-time rules or your organisation. Do your superiors think that most of the people are hard
working ?
Do you some times feel that there is none in whom you can
confide ? Do you often get such ideas at the time of going to bed which
make it diff icult for you to sleep ?
Do your superiors behave well wi th the employees ?
Do you think that the work you are doing is interesting ? 1 9 Do you think that promotions to employees are given impartially ? 20 Do you get upset for a long time when criticised by somebody ?
Do you feel satisfied wi th the conditions of the place where you work ? Do you believe that in case of emergency (such as illness or
marriage) the management would help you ? Do you hesitate in accepting the responsibilities of social
functions ?
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17 18
21
22
23
( 10 )
Yes No 24 Are you frequently worried due to illness of your family members
25 Are most of your neighbours gentle and social ?
26 Do your superiors invite suggestions from you for the betterment of the company ?
27 Do you think that you have selected the right job for yourself ?
28 Do you sometimes think that your family members do not care for you as much as they should ?
29 Do you sometimes think of changing your house due to the neighbours ?
30 Are there such members in your family vvhose presence causes you annoyance ?
31 Do you sometimes think that you could have earn more in some other job ?
32 Do you think that bad people out number the good ones in the society ?
33 Does your job allow you sufficient time for rest and recreation ? 34 Do your superiors respect your abilities and skills ?
35 Do you think that most of the people exploit the weaknesses and short comings of others ?
36 Do triffle things also hurt you ?
37 Do your superiors harshly punish employees for simple mistakes ? 38 Do your fel low workers help you ?
39 Do you think that people get promotions due to personal pulls ? 40 Do your relatives frequently bother or trouble you ?
41 If you are offered elsewhere the same facilities which you are enjoying here, would you like to change your job ?
42 Are the employees dismissed from the job on simple and trivial matters ?
43 Do you feel hasitation in talking to strangers ?
44 Do you often have to leave tasks unfinished ?
45 Do you think that your friends are sincere to you ?
46 If you were an officer, would you have treated your subordinates the same way as your officers do ?
47 Do you think that you are over worked ?
48 Had there been some unpleasent experience in your chi ldhood, which you cannot forget ?
49 Do you believe that most of the social customs and traditions are troublesome ?
50 Do you pass your time pleasantly in your home ?
51 Do you think that your job is hard and difficult ?
{ n )
52 Are most of the people in society selfish ?
53 Is your profession respected by others ?
54 Do your superiors believe that the workers' welfare is their own welfare ?
55 Do people quickly end friendly relations w i th you ?
56 Do the members of your family often act against your wishes ?
57 Do most of your colleagues work under duress and fear ?
58 Would you advise any of your close relatives to accept the job on which you are working ?
59 Do you think that the employees in this company are treated in a proper manner ?
60 Do you sometimes get worried without any apparent cause ?
61 Do you sometimes feel to give up this job and take up some other one ?
62 Do your superiors praise good workers ?
63 Do most of the people misunderstand you 7
64 Do you earn enough money so that you donot have to seek help from others ?
65 Do you face diff iculties due to caste and creed feelings tn the society ?
66 Do your superiors often order you to do a job which is diff icult to carry out ?
67 Do you think that this work provides you opportunities for
displaying your talents and skills ?
68 Do you generally feel tired after doing simple jobs ? 69 Do you think that your fellow workers generally avoid meeting
you ? 70 Do you think that things go wrong without any fault of yours ?
71 Do you think that you need some more training for this job ?
72 Do you feel hesitation in seeking advise from others ? 73 Do you think that, inspite of your lack of interest in this job, you
work because you get good money ? 74 Are you often asked to work at odd hours ?
75 Do you easily make friends wi th new people ?
76 Do the members of your family live cordially ?
77 Do your superiors think that their employees are efficient ? 78 Do you think that your present job is a respectable job for a
person like you. 79 Do you think that you can place your problems before your
superiors wi thout any hasitation ?
80 Are you often worried about the aim or purpose of your life ?
Yes No
( 12 )
6. Please furnish the following informations.
A. Kind af profession.
B. Experience of work.
C. Duration of work.
D. Monthly income.
E. Number of dependents.
F. Union afficiation (write Yes or No)
G. Martial status (strike out which ever is not applicable). Married/un-married/Engaged to be married/Divorced
H. Age.
Printed at : Peekay Printing Press, Kanwariganj, Aligarh:
^ f
-•I ^h
*J:5 (fro fT-if J ? ro 9>1 '^•ji'f ***•
i. ^ i^^-a vr^ -vo * c r f •^npvo JV^JOVA >VO -<va JVO VO V-0 ^ <3 v o " O" vc vf" ^vo ' o *» -vo v i v o \-o ift,^
( ' )
^ q^r?! ?Tq% ^TZT^ft 3ftsr?T ^ srfw HTTV ' g ^ ^> q^?^ : F - ^ T | , <SJWK ^ ? ^ ^
fw^rr I ? fsf^r ^SF^ f^Srcr zrr s^fij^i ^ sfTT^t ?r?% arfsr^ ?Tcft<f ^r^cr |3fT t
aTft 3n«T ?ft% ^ ^ f fTTf r^r ^ ^iT % T^^ ^ i
( 3r )
( w )
^ )
( 3r )
( ^ )
( « )
fl?ffi'sr5f^^ ^^r I eft STTT ^"tcs % ST^^T ( \ / ) ^ T T O T ^ R ^ T I ? I ? q r F^TT^^T
3T»iT ^>f ?io? 3TrT% r^rri; 3T?T?cftT 5r?r^ ^^r I . rfi 3TT<T ^'T^S % 3I??T ( -) r t^ i
f t eft STR ^"t^s % 3T??T ?t^"f Sl^TT (v ' ' X ) % f^r^TR ^T r ? I
ap^T^T^T
?
^
^
>f
V,
^
15
c;
5
?"
l o ^
?Tq5?rclT ^ # ^ ^ IJ I ^"^ 5TT ^TfTT
^I 'T ^> ^7T mX^ "TT ^ f ^ fT aif5Tr sn cT 5FT?II
f ? m iT TT ^ y q 3T^?ft q'fFsr % sr f H R f>RT
STT^ JTT |»TT % ^IJT # fjTJ^irWTft 3Tq^ 3^77! Pf^T I
^?5TffT % g-R «T? (sftgsri) sTTCfr ^T?rr i
#rT?T ?TI 13r^TY JT »T??|CH- ^t^T 1
3TT^ 3T('?'\Fff % T m 3nT*ft ^ ^TTTTfjf^ HTSTJ T
3T7?r ^r?T % g"T7T HHTif Jr fj^r^r STF^T ^r^\ i
3TT^ STTJ TTt % ?TI«r aTiq^ft ^ f^TTlf^i^ J^^^ftf 1
jrfcT fiBirr
V. )
V"
13
1)f
U
n \3
1=;
H
^»
^?
^^
i^
^>f
X
»^<l¥
3{«T «if«r5rlr % fTT«r arrT fft ^ ^rr^rrPsr^ ^^«r
<«fiT^ qTX^ i f^T ^r af'seir fl^fr
v*«T5ft '> ^tfrr n 5?5iTr?R % Sfff^r ^ R T
f r T Tfrf^qrriift 8r ipw ffriTT ^rrwr t ^€% ^ ^ > T STC T ^ J T I
T2T % 5i^icr ^ f^5fy jft^sf <TX ^siT 3mT qs^r
jfVf 'V i^ f apT% m^ mm^^^ firsr^ ?r HIT ^m | tTf
3Tq% Tg% ^ t sjiTf ^ ?T<|'SJ ?>5TT
sprq % ?T^r?^cT TTrTTJTT^ ^ g f^ t f r t l
^\^f\ if FTTsr *Pt »if «rTq^
?^T?«JT % Sf^JST SJT^^TJT
^^r^ i^ (Qi^) ^ qN^m
i f j fTK^^ % 3T^»TT
fr ia if jrrcft?f?fT ^ i $r«r ^rr^ ?T ft?iT
^nr % ff^ftrfr ^ T ^ fq5T% ^ f^ '^^f^sr
^rt? % fT^r^ra "TfTsrdJT 3r«rgri rJTiTT JTr% ^ *rrn ^^rr
-
tjjiT T o
5
?
"tf
)(
^
>>
=;
e
t"
H
K
n
Rf*^
T'R^rtTT ^ « J f ^ l a ^ > S[Tr : o ' " ^ r
^\n *> jTr ^ T ^ TT r= <=r ssT^r sircfT ^ T ^ I
f «rT q m ^ r 4 3f"T^ q^?? % a^^TR gtf^r
ifq^ q i i^"^! k ^ R ^ fsrnT^T-O if^;^ -mx ^^tf i
^f^ffr % ?iTr T? (3Ti5?rr) sri<<r ^?;^i
^ff^ TT Tif^TV ir T^cff ^T^r
sTT^ arm'THi f »ii<ai 3?'<i*TT ^ m»iTt*i^ ^f•^*^
STT'T "Pfir f: g't'''T M H f Jl ^ S -J i t c f 5 r F « "•ti'f'Tf
iTT^ ^"f^n % *fiq if:'-rHr 4 H m i U ^ ^f•^r^
Hrq^ Hlfq-qT % H>^ MRMT W WrHlfil?. flf^n?
<»fR% i^qT^iJ^^; ?r ii^'ii.i rfHr
^^q-ft € T •fTtfi 4 vi^iiH-i ^ ^^^'<^ ^ M I
M%t*qi
( )
1 )
( )
( 1
( ;
1 /
( )
( 1
( 1
( )
I )
( )
( >
* » T * ? •
fi
?!<
\%
\^
1s;
U
io
^f.
'•('•<.
v3
'i^
'"!(
f^Of
N't sfT^fq-hirt ^ «t.iJt f »Tr i fwr | ?«!T»T Trfitr 5rF« ^X'ii
^ W ^ F?=ricT ?? rT.5it 4><<ff "Tt 3f=S€5r Sf?T?- t,5^T !
^ K T V »T fJTqf.m 5n^ m spiq ^ r fsrsr^ ^ HJT qffi f m r
3T<TJT ' ^ i ^ «> 3r*T ' Ir ^ ^ | m r
^rtr q- ffT^f;^?r ^m\^Jf^ ^ q f ^ m ^
g^tiTlft J ^MT3f ^^ if^SJI^T 1
f«fTF«r % arj» '7 «ir^mir
arJT^m i§5|t) ^ t i f g ^ R 1
JT'TtTif f ¥ sr^HT
sfTR Jr 3Titftq*ii f i ! ^? ^ r ^ q- gt^r
^i?T ^ »?*'^f'^K ^^'H f'ST^r # (F^^ '^nr
+.W ^ flfsffr^cf <TfT<(T'1 «T< r fiTq"»T si'TTJt T >TI«T ' JfT 1
5f frl r*qr
( )
( )
* o ffo
?
'
^
iFffrV sr^iT ^^^ ? m ^iTtir *«> ?r«
?
^
?
3T«fcrm sr5fT?r ^^^ **i% ^iTor
fffrltq- 5r?I5T ^TJr ^ I ^ ^ROT 35o qro '=«r<r??ft<T s r r i ^ ^''^ ^ i % ^TT'IT
S D Employeeb Inventory D( D. M. Pttbtonjee (6. H U )
;> , .rr,f f, q qr'-r vfi fi -P? iW' '^f" m "^Kt" f^H^ HT JrrT *Tr ^ r | mn frm ( v > f-r^H
it •iit
MI irrT^ «< >?f ar mK-* ii^f^r +rfT ^ T ^ mr *:T -•rrq- ?% t ' i
: =\m =im nfr-i'-i ^ |-* H A M tr if=5^ HTm -ft «"jjrf ^ i t | ' i,
t. -ftii Mfrr ii't.M* qr "-d-ft irrqr^ -tfr f '?; "t s^^-it f7 q r t ? ' i
iS f q i ifTTT; q,T4r H/fH'^ T-.^ T?" iTTT^t «r^^ =<.'( g '
fffrr it g ^ (
\ i rqr JimrrYr fr ^im. R-rt-Ti -ii diT.fl' 'STT^ ^HT ^''^ ^rnft <ivi ^ ,rfffV flf^M ^.'i
\\ *<)( »iH H«Tq J^h^.1' ofr N^i* sji^g fn^rip i<<ii 4;-i i i r^ t.f6'i rft --iifft | ''(
l(c; ^^ l i i " ( HH^?r r; t ^ Q +.1-' hNhJ^ ( f s ^^ i fT ) ? ' ,
It t i l l . . - t^r )" )T O 3"if-1 5f J* . - ' l I 'S iiTlT iTTH^-T^'l H .IR t'-tqi J I T I I '
, ' t ' lH -*Mr j f ^ ^ t »..^n qfi i l l ' f MR ^ ' f f ^ .rifl i+i . ! dSII «{ » ( m U fl^l lM t '(
^"- -t^l ifPI f t \-4'-.A\H I f-fi - - I ^ ' i ^.^i\ ^i m StK' '-<I 41Min flf i l lM^ 3|^,ff?
- I Hit") i ff^IJl-ll --i,T»t ' (
•<: A^\ JilM-l.l h.4t (ilMd m JiHJ? >I a5('--6f ITHJT ta»-»T H;W ff d ^H'1 <'Mt I ' I
I (
) t
•i M
- 3
'i C
• I
i y
^\
if iC
y o
y -
I
RTT ^ I T T^r^i ' ? t f 3{TT^ OTT^ N n ;r^T Tt^T =9[Hr * '
sf'Rr ^ R t ^ f ' - ^ v ' ;; jc?|::f-( * U •\'^^\'^ ^TTft i - im q'^^d- ^ / r -t '-r t-i i-ir
-pn TiTTF^Tr JT ^ R i r <f ^1 JTTqr t T ' ^ R ^-^^T^ I r f r r ? n r ^ '
fq-T jsTTT^ ir^ ^ 2T f^^r'" arTfiT I PT. c i * m -ft ifftwi J rn f-t.qt ^ T ^ -MT
q- arf TT THT %m ?fJp% t '
^TT ^^\-s[ ^ f t rfrjfT =fft W-A\ 3 -55 ^ W T *? sff^nt. ? '
Efqr iTn% •s{%^•r -^w irif^^ arrq-qfl- irn^r^fr irK ' i m ^r ITT?'" T '•'t ? '
^•^\ 3ff^:fr?r'- ^"m |?fT "f ^\'^•f\ ^ ^^•^ -jsrirr ^rg^r s '
^prr 5!rft-?fT?t g-T-n fr 3TrT% f ? ^ T J stT ^ n afr Y ^ '
«fJTr 3rTT% aiTJTT Tr TTTOT^ m^rr^iT JFrfai 'T T T ^ ^ JT^T ^ ^ '
^ T iTTT ^ fTJT3T% t f* h'^^rf^Sr % ^\^\T q-T Jr=f -fTT ^ R-f-T T^^ ^ ''
JTT 3rTq% f''2(' ^TT arfk^ffT iriq^fft q^i^R ^"'•t '"g% '
q-f? 3rTq^> ^ T T ' ^ ^ % W -^ q-gr fT^-ft ^ qpgt ffr'^ '^i '\^^ -TT ^^T irrq
m\ ^ m ^7^T TH^^ T'-'T ''
?f<ji irn-f.T JT^qT ^ m s['^ ^K^P •s^^J ?5>^ ?^ f t JTI^T ^ ''
: TT irrqjfr if^.T' ii'''T ? '
I'-TT '.\Y\% fw-f -jfTTT T-^t fff-m 'H^ * '
f'JT *f ^\\ fj n -Kf'J f iTH 'T'-TI 4 MI ^ '
Mr ifn^f ' j^qn JT T^S '"if ? n '<''r N-"fl nr / t . Urf^ t (fq j n , , .i ^,7 >
tqr -ifrqf k^rr^ *T nmi r f irf'-TM' Af'i-f^qnr ^ ' ^ ^ m 'in M ,' '
w r ^ ' ' I ' ^TqTT iiiT' ^-''fr-qsfr >T 7t=i ^rrTi / -
f^] All 5iTf? f rn TT i f^- i 'f'iii i^TgufT ?
im TTT-'r »T ^rf'CT^' rm rcrTiff ? H ? '
( M )
r.r •1 <•
/ V
V ^
'Jt,
i f
Tm ^rT% ITTTT- TT ^Jf^r T^^lf^Tji f t ^TTTf f t ^TT^l VRrf rnTTTT ,* '
TIT :>r'r % ^T- ^T% '.rfTTi:^ 3TTTf> JTsft % fj^fTT^ T m T.^% ?. ''
m\ '^v\ 5rT?r ff.m hf^ ' ''ff Tt JT W''\^ ft +'-'T ft q^r? Jt ' ^ T TT T'^T^t it qfTP rfT-m f HT'-T ^TT ^JT^ fT fV-TF iTHr ^ t ^ ft" frTT
ifHT ^if^tr '
v^^ ^-jft-^Ht fsr rr ffr'ft -+r^'^ 4rrq"=T;r ^^ T^-^i% ^JT-TT ?? '"
WT 3fTTTT JT^ r n f .m ^ I fJjr^ ^^ T^f l^f^^r ^fj^- *7 ' t f t f\^\ f, ''
^ r 3TiT% 'if'KH'- Tr <Trf?TT ' T^^^T TTTT T 7 % ^ r m f t =TT't''T; T ^ f. ''
WT 'fT TTH ^ 3TTT fn^T TfT -f.in %fT I % BfT^WT^TT f ^W^ ^n^\ fT'"T
^ T3f< ^St %?ft T^'ft ''
WT ^•^m ^ ^rrf-^r-^? f f-r^or STTT^/T T^^T^t "t?ft t ?
^ T 31 w ^ 3frT-fT frr-Tr^'^ TT^T % ^rq- % 1-;= T T T ^ ^ ?r>^ ^^?ft ^ '
^irr 'iTTT ^•?, ^M•7,^ i U •^^^k frmt f r n f t STTSTT arrq-^ %^ f i r ^^ -^ ' i - r ;
7TT sTTT JTg Tif.T-r 3 ff F^^T T?ft Fp^ft ^ 'T % -irTT* fTR f TTT 'TIH ^ ''
<^n\ HTTft ;fT -rfT fT f-T^ j{>^ "f-f-TTr" f t 3r's"' =r ^•?.^^^ fr=rr ^ "
'TTT -if FT f t ?iTT ^'Tift H fTSTT?: ^-T ff fsT-TT rflft ? ''
r\A ^ ? H 7 " -^ i f r i JT f TIT ^T T^^T T^r? -7:7^ ^, ^ f t f ^ iTTq'fT if=5??r
^^: f ftTT^lT f? '
-WT MT'TH sT^iT^ iT'ff^ r ^^^ T ' fT T I M r t '-fTT '11 IT ^ '
•\m ^TT '-T^ "-TTi'i n m ^ r ?rt ^Vf i :f:< Spr ? '
TTT ^TTT T'^ ^T^ '^TTH JT tT^ il'r^ ^ '"^'i' S '
TTT iTTTf iT'^T^ TT iTTf'7^ ^n-f ^ l t ^ T f n > =!;> T m « ^ ^ T ^m.-ff / '-
'TTT 'rsm R ITT Tf ''f'l-T -^ir H'''"T f pT-T ^V^^•^ 3TTJ ^ K T TT ^T-TTT'T
WT ^TT jfi-T ^^i<^ Ti mf^'-r ? HX^A ^^r^\ f^nrt ff.fff t.T.TT f '^-i
\-\\ ir"W -irTfT •(T'i-f r -ir t j^- .^r -r f'-f'T T ft T M ,^ T^Tiift ,'r4r ^ -
4 t
( f [ ) H 4 +.<^ ti l Jl=(T-(
(ST) «TT5
APH-IOIX 1-B
This is not a psi^chological test, and i ou are
not required to reveal ijour ldentitL|. This is ar\
investigation related to one's life ond work.
Its success would entirely depend on ijour
whole hearted cooperation and frank responses.
Note : ( 1 ) The informations that you have to give, are about your present job.
( 2 ) Please do not write your name or sign this form.
YOG BHARGAVA • • • i . Research Scholar
Under the Supervision of Dr S Sultan Al<htar DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH.
1. Think of a time in the past when you felt specially good or bad about your present
Job, that is, when you were very happy and satisfied or unhappy and dis-satisfied
with your Job. Can you think of sucti a high or low point in your feelings about
your Job ?
Please write it below.
( 3 )
2. People like to have many things in their Job. When they get the desired things in the
job they become satisfied Their absence leads to dis-satisfaction.
Can you tell us as to what things have made you satisfied with vour Job ? You have
to write them below in order of preference. The aspect that has been most satisfying
is to be written first. In this manner you have to write three satisfying aspects.
(A). _.
(B)
Similarly the aspects of Job that led to your dis-satisfaction have to be written below
in order of preference.
The aspect that has been most dis-satisfying is to be written first. In this manner you
have to write three dis-satisfying aspects.
(A)
(B).
(C).
( \ )
3. (a) Out of the factors given below, you have to indicate those which have been
satisfying to you for most of the time, that is, for most of your working life and
also those which have been dis-satisfying to you for most of the time.
You have to give your renponces an indicated below : Put (6) v/ithin the bracicet i f you think that the
fpctor had been xrost satisfjanp; to you, r u t (4) V7ithin the bracket i f i t had been satis-^yinf
to you. In th.is manner you xvill put ( l ] v/ithin the bracicet i-* the factor had been l e a s t catiBfyinc to you.
I'leasc be careful in r a t i n e the fac to rs
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
FACTORS
To complete a Job sucsessfully
To be singled out for praise
To like the actual tasks involved in getting the Job done
To gain responsibility for own or other's work in a Job
To change status through promotion
To be happy wi th ones' earnings
Change in a Job which could lead to further growth
To experience satisfying social interactions w i th one's subordinates
To obtain social status through Job
To experience satisfying social interactions w i th one's boss
Response
( ^ )
S. No.
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
FACTORS
To experience satisfying social Ateractions with one's co-workers W
To have competent supervisor . •
To be in a company with good poricies and administrative procedures.
To have good physical surroundings on the Job
To have one's personal life affected for good by occurances on the Job
Objective indications of security (such as Job tenure and company stability)
To have housing fecilities
To get transporation facilities.
To get medical fecilities.
Health suitable for the Job.
To like leave policies.
To have opportunities for recreations.
Experiencing no feelings of castism on the Job
Possibility of mobility with regard to work.
Participation in decision making processes.
Responce
3. (b) Out of the factors given below y A have to indicate those which have been
satisfying to you for some of t'TF me, that is for short duration of your
working life, and also the one whic lave been dis-satisfying to you for some of
the time.
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
FACTORS
To complete a job successfully.
To be singled out for praise
To like the actual tasks involved in getting the job done.
To gain responsibility for own or other's work in a job.
To change status through promotion.
To be happy w i th one's earnings.
Change in a job which could lead to further growth.
To experience satisfying social interactions w i th one's subordinates.
To obtain social status through job.
To experience satisfying social interactions wi th one's boss.
To experience satisfying social interactions with one's co-worker.
To have competent supervisor.
To be in acompany with good policies and administrative procedures.
Response
{ 7 )
S. No.
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
FACTORS
ir To have good phyE\.al surrounding' j n the job.
To have one's personal life affectf for good by occurence on the job. • ^
Objective indications of securitv '»' such as job tenure and company stabil ity).
To have housing facilities.
To get transportation facil i t ies.
To get medical facilities.
Health suitable for the job.
To like leave policies
To have opportunit ies for recreations.
Experiencing no feelings of castism on the job.
Possibility of mobil i ty wi th regard to work.
Participation in decision making processes.
Response
( 8 )
(a) Now you are required to rank the first three satisfying as well as the first three
dis-satisfying factors, which have been satisfying or dis-satisfying to you for
most of the time in your worl<ing life.
S. No.
1
2
3
Factors satisfying S. No.
1
2
3
Factors dis-satisfying
(b) Now you are required to ranl< the first three satisfying as wel l as the first three
dis-satisfying factors, which have been satisfying or dis-satisfying to you for
some of your working life.
S. No.
1
2
3
Factors satisfying S. No.
1
2
3
Factors dis-satisfying
( "^ )
S-D Employees Inventory
Dr. D. M. Pestonjee (B. H. U.)
Carefully read the questions given below, against each question you have to respond either by Yes or No. Please put such a mark ( \ ' ) either in 'Yes' or 'No' bracket. Which
ever you think is applicable to you.
1 Do you work wi th good tools, material and equipment ?
2 Do the superiors reward good workers ? 3 Do you think that good people are respected in society ?
4 Does the idea of future mishaps make you worried ?
5 Are most of your acquintences reliable ? 6 Do your superiors sympathetically hear about your diff iculties ?
7 Does this job provide good opportunities for promotions ?
8 Do you feel that due to poor health you could not get ahead in your job.
9 Do your neighbours help you when you are in some diff icult ies 7 10 Do you sometimes think that you donot have those qualities
which others have ?
11 Do you have to work with those persons whom you do not like much ?
12 Do you often feel that you are alone in this wide world ?
13 Do you feel satisfied w i th the over-time rules or your organisation.
14 Do your superiors think that most of the people are hard working ?
15 Do you some times feel that there is none in whom you can confide ?
16 Do you often get such ideas at the time of going to bed which make it difficult for you to sleep ?
17 Do your superiors behave well w i th the employees ? 18 Do you think that the work you are doing is interesting ? 1 9 Do you think that promotions to employees are given impartially ?
20 Do you get upset for a long time when criticised by somebody ? 21 Do you feel satisfied wi th the conditions of the place where
you work ?
22 Do you believe that in case of emergency (such as illness or marriage) the management would help you ?
23 Do you hesitate in accepting the responsibilities of social functions ?
Yes No
( lu )
Yes No 24 Are you frequently worried due to illness of your family members
25 Are most of your neighbours gentle and social ?
26 Do your superiors invite suggestions from you for the betterment of the company ?
27 Do you think that you have selected the right job for yourself ?
28 Do you sometimes think that your family members do not care for you as much as they should ?
29 Do you sometimes think of changing your house due to the neighbours ?
30 Are there such members in your family whose presence causes you annoyance ?
31 Do you sometimes think that you could have earn more in some other job ?
32 Do you think that bad people out number the good ones in the society ?
33 Does your job allow you sufficient time for rest and recreation ? 34 Do your superiors respect your abilities and skills ?
35 Do you think that most of the people exploit the weaknesses and short comings of others ?
36 Do triffle things also hurt you ?
37 Do your superiors harshly punish employees for simple mistakes ? 38 Do your fellow workers help you ?
39 Do you think that people get promotions due to personal pulls ? 40 Do your relatives frequently bother or trouble you ?
41 If you are offered elsewhere the same facilities which you are enjoying here, would you like to change your job ?
42 Are the employees dismissed from the job on simple and trivial matters ?
43 Do you feel hesitation in talking to strangers ? 44 Do you often have to leave tasks unfinished ?
45 Do you think that your friends are sincere to you 7
46 If you were an officer, wou ld you have treated your subordinates the same way as your officers do ?
47 Do you think that you are over worked ?
48 Had there been some unpleasent experience in your childhood, which you cannot forget ?
49 Do you believe that most of the social customs and traditions are troublesome ?
50 Do you pass your time pleasantly in your home ?
51 Do you think that your job is hard and difficult ?
( n )
52 Are most of the people in society selfish ?
53 Is your profession respected by others ?
54 Do'your superiors believe that the workers' welfare is their own welfare ?
55 Do people quickly end friendly relations w i th you ?
56 Do the members of your family often act against your wishes ?
57 Do most of your colleagues work under duress and fear ?
58 Would you advise any of your close relatives to accept the job on which you are working ?
59 Do you think that the employees in this company are treated in a proper manner ?
60 Do you sometimes get worried without any apparent cause ?
61 Do you sometimes feel to give up this job and take up some other one ?
62 Do your superiors praise good workers ?
63 Do most of the people misunderstand you ? 64 Do you earn enough money so that you donot have to seek help
from others ?
65 Do you face difficulties due to caste and creed feelings tn the society ?
66 Do your superiors often order you to do a job which is diff icult to carry out ?
67 Do you think that this work provides you opportunities for
displaying your talents and skills ?
68 Do you generally feel tired after doing simple jobs ? 69 Do you think that your fellow workers generally avoid meeting
you ? 70 Do you think that things go wrong without any fault of yburs ? 71 Do you think that you need some more training for this job ?
72 Do you feel hesitation in seeking advise from others ? 73 Do you think that, inspite of your lack of interest in this job, you
work because you get good money ?
74 Are you often asked to work at odd hours ?
75 Do you easily make friends wi th new people ?
76 Do the members of your family live cordially ?
77 Do your superiors think that their employees are efficient ? 78 Do you think that your present job is a respectable job for a
person like you. 79 Do you think that you can place your problems before your
superiors without any hasitation ?
80 Are you often worried about the aim or purpose of your life ?
Yes No
( 12 )
6. Please furnish the following informations.
A. Kind af profession.
B Experience of work.
C. Duration of worlc.
D. IVlonthly income.
E. Number of dependents.
F. Union afficiation (write Yes or No)
G. iViartial status (stril<e out which ever is not applicable). Married/un-married/Engaged to be married/Divorced
H. Age.
Printed at : Peekay Printing Press, Kanwariganj, Aligarh;
f * * • v *
o * ••V « ni « I M «
« i i *
*
at a: cc a. CC te.
oe.
tc cc ec cc oc cL oL
*
*
* *
*
Q
O
o
t T
* at
UJ
It!
a. at O
r-l
o
2 O
o u
CO
o
a o i I-u
4 *
*«. I— l -
s :3 n> rs
rj r) :3 r»
* » UJ * UJ U » UJ UJ * Oi UJ « Ui UJ UJ UJ UJ * * *
*
*
* i >
m m * «
«
* r> *
« «
* « * o. * a. * a. « a. « o. « a. *
* * * « *
« * at m * *
* * z: *
*
*
* * a * o * o * o * o *
ft « «
UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ
UJ Ui
O . €J.
a. &
a. a. a. a. a. a. a.
a t x X
•X.
at ac
X. at
o o o o
o o o o
*
*
» *
*
*
*
* * * Ik * * * *
I t •
3 « 3 • =) « 3 *
r> « * *
* * *
* *
* *
« * *
* * *
X at •
*
* *
at at * * *
« «
* *
c • o • o • o * o * o *
o • »
* * « *
*
Ct
3 a. X o LJ
Ui to s-0 ULI
a. Q. a
tiO
CO
<t
o o
a
U u
o o o
CO
o
*JnJi i^ ^x^
•s. < <* DC ^ o o O 1
a. o o
UJ ^ o r> • o o
o I- 2r u. </> Q£
"s - J i . >v * •
o z O u^ (/} UJ < - J
33 Qt: < c <-< a. a ;
< (/I >
UJ a X UJ
UJ {£. O H-«/) i
o
o tn t
»-t_) a: o o ^ o
o
o
ffi o
u.
3 O UJ QL
UJ
2 O X X o u
Q
CO
o
o o o
Q UJ • - •
C >->- OC y^ < • o
I—
> o <t
a oc Z - I o <
~ UJ s: <L
< Z 3
> -Z
t*) •—• s o
a.
> -
uJ i-J
c a
« 3
UJ
UJ
or
3 I / )
z
wo WJ
- i ST
< ' tt -J-O O Q 1 CC K-
o. o o UJ Jt
o et 3 • O O c^ Z
Q; »-I O >- Z J. </0 s ;
l>*4
Z. UJ X
u. -
< »-VO
Q a j
o ^ l U
ac uU
u. UJ QC
• V * *
C5
^ 1 .
Of O
o o
G3 cs: < o •-• ^ a :
< t>o > (— 2 UJ a X UJ oc
3 Of UJ Z Q; O
X UJ £ Q; O
z o
- I
o o
U. o
2 UJ
Of UJ x:
cv CV
APEEHDIX 2
N M N
CV CV
se
A.636 0 .8171
17.6252
2.963 1.55<i6
>2.A566
3.036 1.2499
41 .1652
3.336 ? .3569
40.6725
2.500 1.4381
57.5246
1.854 1.2709
68.5293
3.863 1,1239
29.0900
3.936 1.0726
27 .2467
3.854 1.3673
35.4747
2.900 1.1981
41.3139
4 , 2 6 3 0*6eO€
20««603
4« te9
110
110
110
no
no
110
no
110
110
no
no
no
4.688 0 .6261
13.3545
3 .377 1.4343
42.4635
3.168 1.5194
47.6486
3.633 1.2688
34.9226
3.044 1.5046
49.4306
3.688 1.3386
36.2898
3.333 1.4063
42.1900
2 .77? 1 .323i
47.6319
4 .322 1.0201
23.60X4
2.488 1.0774
43.2920
3.388 1.3139
38 .7731
3.417 i . 2 4 9 a
S 9 , f l t l
90
90
90
9C
90
90
90
90
90
90
9C
90
4 .512 0 .9419
20 .4225-
3.062 1.S759
51.4593
3 .687 1.3747
37.2804
2.962 1.4700
49.6224
•2.762 1.3806
49.9769
3.112 1.5571
50.0302
3.362 1.4425
42 .9025
2.950 1.4044
47 .6087
4.00O 1.3674
34 .6860
2.662 1.1174
41.9682
3.137 1.2221
38.9522
3.475 1.2142
24 .9421
80
80
80
8C
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
80
4 .316 0.8658
20.0586
3.C16 1.4547
48.2247
3.466 1.2578
36.2845
3.283 i . 3 7 9 5
42.0156
2 .433 1.3337
54.8116
3.166 1.5723
49.6525
3.650 1.3641
37.3732
3.333 i . 2 7 3 6
38.2099
3.900 1 . 4 2 2 i
36.4728
2 .283 1.2123
53.0943
3.516 1.3843
39.3650
2*150 1.3859
8C . f97e
60 C.8129
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
1.5114
1.3566
1.3661
1.4251
1.4155
1.3229
1.2593
1.3001
1.1510
1.1822
1.1963
2.S72 l,UB2
49 .2942
2 .690 1.2339
^ 5 . 8 5 6 ^ ,
46 .7309
3.C63 1.3092
A2 .1^5 l
2 .409 1.3901
57.7062
2 .772 l . If591
40 .0013
2.A81 \ . l 5 7 e
A6.6526
3.800 I . 1 1 0 2
^9 .2179
1.827 I .C519
57.S67S
2 .072 1.1258
5<..3151
^ .790 1.3079
46 .8659
2 .727 1.1434
41 ,9258
2 .272
l ie
110
\
no
no
110
110
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
2 .177 1.2344
56 .6854
Z.5Q0 1.3270
53 .0827
3.1Q0 1.2476
40 .2472
2 .322 1.2367
53 .2564
- . 186 1.3975
43 .8263
2 .599 1.1234
43 .2110
2 .733 1.0?2fl
39 .2523
3 .322 1.1433
34 .4156
2 .355 1.1672
49 .5530
2 .711 1.3101
40 .3259
? .088 1.3551
64 .8761
2 .766 1.2387
44 .7732
1.722 0 .9778
90 2.650 80 2.250 60 1.3433
90 3.362 80 2.733 60 1.2927
90 2.900 80 3.133 60 1.2312
90 2.787 80 3.716 60 l.r'968
90 2.975 80 2.050 60 1.3753
90 2.2C0 8C 2.400 60 1.1273
9C 3.187 .80 2.400 60 1.1319
2.650 1.5256
57.5703
3.362 X.2965
38.5597
2.900 2.30CO
44.8275
2.787 1.3756
49.3497
2.975 1.3872
46 .6291
2.2C0 1.1113
50.5138
3.187 1.1629
36.4932
3.237 1.0982
33.9219
?.062 1.1218
54.3937
2.362 1.2771
54.0589
2 .675 1.2527
46.8316
2.325 1.0219
43.9546
2.475 1.274S
51.4953
80
80
80
80
80
8C
.80
80
80
80
80
80
80
m^mmmm'm.m*^t>t-^mm>m<m
2.250 1.3738
61.0605
2.733 1.3399
49.0237
3.133 1,3349
42.6063
3.716 1.2528
33.7C99
2.050 1.2964
63.2424
2.400 1.1860
49.4179
2.400 l . i 2 8 4
47.0175
3.450 0.9385
27.2036
3 « 333 1.2C64
36.1^39
3.233 1.1455
35.4285
2.500 1.2583
50.3322
2.550 1.2573
49.3063
2.250 1.3859
e i . 5 9 7 3 « « " • • « • • ! . • ( «•"•"•"
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
Mi<«(4M»4l"
90 3.237 80 3.450 60 1.0881
90 ?.062 80 3.333 60 1.1276
90 2.362 80 3.233 60 1.2164
90 2.675 80 2.500 60 1.2993
90 2.325 80 2.550 60 1.1635
90 2.475 80 2.250 60 1.1259
' 4tir^^l 5#.t1tf
APPENDIX 3 •
WITHOUT SATISFACTION DIMENSION
T0T4L NOS.
M5&N
S.U-
C.V,
110
22.6090
3.3523
1< .8273
90
22.9888
3.4205
14.8789
80
22.9250
3.4956
15.2480
6C
22.4166
2.7159
12.1157
3.-. » 1.1409(C0NTFNT FACTORS)
MtAN
S.O.
C.V.
52.3818
3.4640
6.6130
52.0111
3.2506
6.2498
>2.0625
3.6821
7.0726
52.7000
2.9171
5.5354
S.fi. B l.2254(C0NT6XT FACTORS)
AP2E1JDIX 4
WITH SATISFACTION OIMENTION
TOTAL NOS. 37 ^7 66 11 63 10 t*W 12
MCAN 23.1351 22,^691 22.5303 23.9090 23.2698 21.8000 22.70 5 22.9166
S.O. 3.0682 3.0463 3.4563 3.2320 3.4142 3.3105 3.1303 ^.9568
C.V. 13.2623 13.4502 15.3406 13.5181 14.6725 15.1861 13,7873 ^2.9026
S.t. = 0.5913(C/NTENT FACTORS*
MEAN 51.9459 52.2456 52.4090 50.7272 51.8730 53.2000 52.^409 51.9166
S.D. 3.3364 4.0707 3.4552 4.4331 3.4156 3.5999 3.8960 3.9042
C.V. 6.4230 7.7916 6.5928 8.7392 6.5845 6.7669 7.4436 7.5201
S.E. * 0.7808(CONTEXT FACTORS)
•^ u\ u\ u\ ift ir\ Lt\ N- r - N- f»- > - p - }w
•J*- «A i f i »>- i / \ u^ i ^ r«. f«. ^ . t ^ h -
f\j ^ ru lA u \ t^ f- N- f-- h-
• • • t • * N- l/\ ^ t». I*. r<- r»-
o o o o o o o u\ e^ o ^•i a C3 et
• • • • • • * O «M CM ry <vj <M fvi ^ »*• h - P- h - r - b -
O O O O O O it\a a ea a e%
• • • • • • O h K M ^ CM CM x£> N . fH. O J * . !> .
«i« .^ en 4w« ad
i. in u^ m uTi sA tr> f*. f»» f»_ f~. fv. r«. f»H
L- in si- in in d r - r» p~ r«- r- CO
• • • • • o p- in «o CO CD r~ t^ r- r>-
i n CO rn O t*. f«~ r- r~
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o • • • • • • •
n j <M fs* f\j r j tM tM f « fw fk. ^ . ^ . f . ^ .
o o o O o o o o tn o o tA • • • • • •
fM r j O CM CM O i f>» f^ vfl P» F" CO
o in u "- f o n t ^ f^. J-^ f ^ f ^ (s. f«.
"T m ^ 00 n C^ - r^ f^ f^ ^ . ^
U-H J- 00 * r^ f— I— h-
03 iS\ (t\ %f^ •^ f k . f y . f s . | w .
CI C» O O O O O in C3 o o o in o • • * * • • •
t-i '^: (M Q -^ t^. -M CO f>- r^ fsi o 00 h -tS) r-4 i>-l <* CM f-4
QO a a c> a o o o >A o © • • • • • •
«o CM <\» es CM «*• m f - i^ M fo
t^ r-^ tt% t^
if» <t- in in m r\i r - h - r - r«- f>- 1—
u'% in •* m in tr> f^ r» fs. 1^ f.. r -
»-4 CO m i n vT ? - r— 1^ >- h-
i n • * >*• - o p— N« 1^ 1*
C3 C5 CS O O O '"5 o o m o Q o o • • • • • • •
«M m O fv "M m C3 ^- I*. ,£> ^«. r- f » iM
iS o a o o jQi o <3 tn <s <s o • • • • • •
CM (M O n^ C^ CM f*- p» »0 l » J ^ f~
• • » • • • • tn tn tn in (n -a m N> h - r>- h- t*- r-> h-
• « • • • • a\ 'C •& if\ r4 yO C- f»- f^ P» f- f»
• • « • • in en fo m —I iw f— ^ CD N-
m .n in CD r- r>- f r~
o o o o o o o o o o o o m o • » • • » • •
Aj «v CM rsj fv •-« 'O fw fs. t^ {N. rv. 00 cc) v ^ «i4 <-4 . ^ M 4 ( M
O O O O O O ds in m ca i» v\ • • • • • •
CM •-« o r J O w< r» CO •o f> »««cz>
m tn in o in in in r~ N- ^ - h- f~ f- f^
m .-\i f- * vO »n h- p - r^ i n 1^ K
tn t n •»• tM >& t^ f»« I*- f»» p -
ir\ -^ •£) jn r- r~ t^ f>~
a a a a QO a ea o cs «n o o o • • • • • • •
( M <A CM •»< CM CM CM »«• «n s>. aa *~ f- i»-•Pi «<4 (M •«< iHl r^
Q O O O O C3 Q Q O O in O • • • • • •
rM O 1 ^ •«« iHI CM r * CM l a t D i»-•>« C<i t>lm*
tn <n m tn <# w tn r>- r» r>» h- ro. ^- f»
m m vO m m p-(>. (1. i s . t ^ h . t s .
t n f- o ^ r -r* r-. CD «^ r~
m i n (A i n 1>~ fs, t ^ f>-
ekO OiS o cs cs Ck O fi O m O O • • • • » » •
CM CM CM CM C3. CM CM h» f » ^ f » i O ^ f o
^ 4 9 1 ^& l » ^ ^ 431 O <SI«sii 1 ^ ^ 4 t
• • • • • » . f M ^ * »^ PJ CM -*-f>. f~. GO f~ ix» e a •-4 »^ CM r^ «»4 1*1
tn m in tn o m in h-1*- r>- r- r«- h- r-
•4" •# (A in sn CM h- r^ j ^ f~- p- r-
<o (O m in in 1 f«- r~- h- r~ in in c r-
^ » ^ - ^ f 'v_ ^«ik
O O O £3 O O tS o o o o in o o • • • • • • •
CM CM CM fS* i-t f^ rvj r- r«- r~ f* oo r- r>-<<-< «-i «>l ( ^ CM a ^ •-4
O O O O O O in 4f\ o o o o • • • • • •
O O CM CM CM O >o NO r*- f*- r* CM
in in m ^ m m eo f^ 1^ fs. ^^ 1^ {. ( , .
• • • • • • m r* m m 00 m ( » !«. (>. !>. f . r>.
• • • • • <o CM tv< m -*• r- h- N- r^ r-
m in m m j>- h - i»- r>-
o o o o o o o o o p m o o tn • * '• • • • •
CM CM CM O CM CM O f ^ 1 ^ r«- ^ h - r - CM r H r<4 >-< r^ t^ t<^
o o o o o o O O O © 1 A O • • • • • •
CM ^ CM C M O CM r«. O »«- r» CM r»
lO
M
i 1 t t 1 1 1
• 1 1 1 t t t 1 1 1 i 1 1 t 1 i
« M
>-< fcO
t -S o s: »-»« a: •
»-o JT
cc o ->
1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 i t 1 1 1 1 t i t 1
CO <* CO m m pf> o f~ f^ h- !>"• f - f»> f^
• • • • • • m m m ^- m m f * t»- h- h- r- r-
• • • • • i<» f - f^ m • * f*- f » p- f - f«-
• • • <o m •# f - p- f -
• i ^ i n m m m m m * ^ - ^ - ^ ^ ^ - ^ - ^ - ^ . t * -
ir> <t\ ^ tts ^ CD t- '^ t^ 1^ t^ t-
«« sf CM m m h-i«- p~ » - i«- p - K
m m CM CM h". p - i ^ r*-
m m m m c M o m m •-4 m i f . CO m - * I*- t~ p~ 1 ^ t*" t ^
m m o m oc h-p~ t~- p« I*- •^ f*-
m m <n r-f^ fs, t - (S.
^ m m m m m i n i n o m ift m in m r - t * h - » « - (^ f~
>o in in m o t> f*- I— r»- r~ h- { -
t^ m m «a-!- t^ r t»-
<
z o
O
m m m o c o m r - m m r»- in »~i o in (»- ^ f~ t». ^ {V,
•«i- iT. 0% o^ CO m ^ h* f^ f^ h ' r *
o ^ m m iT P- !»- h -
i n m i n f i i n i n m m • * m m f- m CO f>- p - p» i»- f ^ f^
m <»• 00 -o fo m p- h - p - P~ f~ h -
m m tn lO
O O o O O O o tr« lA o o O o m • • • • • • •
O O >0 CSl «M -O >-<
m c m f»- i>- m 35
o o o o o o o o m o o o o o c i n • • • • • • • •
O C M C V f M C M C M C M O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O t f N O O • • • » • • • •
I M C M r a C M O l A C M n j r«-^-^~^-fMcOf«-^-f^ >>« (i^ (Ci —* TM
o o o o o o o o m o o o o c o o • • • • • • • •
«-« CM CM rM CM rj fM rj
o o o o o o o o o o o m o o o o • • • • • • • •
« M ( M n i i n > O f M < i - c M f*> f»-1*" fCi f c » j ^ o ^ -•*4 # H *w# < ^ f*4 CC <-4 o o o o o o o o O o o o o o o o
• • • • • • • • C M < M C M < O C M f M « M C M
#- l «*4 rM tM ^-< P-* J~l
O O O O O O o o o o ® o • • • • • •
CM CM CM " i - O i CVt C^ h» ^ - O P» f~ »-« t - t t-« CO »«« f"«
O O O O O O o o m o w i i n ( M ( M •-« M O Q
o o o o o o o o o o o o • • • • • •
O M CM ^ CM O »i * f - P - ( * i f - r«C
o o o o O O m O O O O O • • • « « • o
o • i M
CM m so <~4
8 <i i>
» i ^
m CM <M CM CM <M f« !«• t - P- *~> •••"I '•'•'( lF*W #'•? 4"W
O O O O O O o o o o w^o CMit* ( M i e * A M (K. O f » j»t ( f t |^»
O O O O @^S> in o o A ie»Aa
® I S •
&, I T «h 'St •<4
It-, #)%* alSWle-
• « • <•« i M . • <
e» M icr # : # l a i
O £!l O O O O »« i O 0 4 3 • • • * •
O O O t V N tsi ^ tM ^ - r-
o es o o Q tft o o m tn • • • • •
U\ >* f j »»* O *o o f*< as CM t(\ «\ t^ ^ (f\
O) o a o a O O iA U^ VH • • • • •
<M <M £5 O O f » f » r>» •a iM ••4 1-4 ro (O
o e i o o o O I f ) O O MTl • • • • •
O O (St f ^ ^ »>4 ftl !*• Jh» (SO
**> . - I r-« fM
O O O O O to O O lA O
« • • • • fv< -HO «0 O O r«- rO f 1 l<Y »-
o <a o Ci « o ej o o in • • • • •
ejt (Sf i ^ O —« ?- I-~ —4 £\1 CD
« •» # 4 » IM >> lA ® ^ f * e m >ij o M rt <m « j
o o o c o ST lA O O O • • • • •
rM o rsj (V csi 03 i%J »^ f<- r-f\J f<^ »^ I ^ »-t
o o o o o »n O O O if> • • • • •
t»4 O O <V O 00 ISi CM 1 ^ J!) r4 >-4
o o o o o o o o o in • • • • •
»0 «*• * <M O <n o o r- %o
m m IP4
o o o o o o o tfv o o d> o
• • • • • • •«© O O tM «vi -^ (ft «A «st r>- ^ - o
• ^ »»< f^
O O O O O O O O tA O O O • • • • • •
fvl Oi »^ r» «< >4-h* I*- ® r~ o <af #>« (M #>4 fO
o cs o o o o in o o o o c5 • • • • • •
»-l fM OJ t v O O BjJ ^» f~ f~ (T) fft t*i r-4 f~i r-1 m rty
O C> O O O O y M a o o o o
• • » • • • O f a •>£> O >0 (N2 ^ f* m m m r-
•PKi « ' % . ^
11 • A • • • fei £3). e& t^' <d9 (SI |to ^ en eo m f -«4 A t IM <H
-
o kTl
* 00
o o -* sM
u #•«•
tw4
• " • ^
OC
o O o o m o n o
• » • • O -Jh fVI <\! ^ O h- r-
t n _< »•<
o o cs o o i n o »A • • • •
ro O J3 i n r~ <Nj «n
O O O C5 o O o »n • • • •
rvi iO iM o I ^ CO f - -O
o o o o o tn in in
• • • • <M O O »-4 t^ sO O CO .-» !S2
O O O O o o o »n
• • • • ra n j tM o (s. IS. (>. <%! r-* »-* »-l rtl
o o o o o m m o
• t • • <M »-«.-( <V •*- an ao f>~ #>l (M fSi r^
e o o o • • • •
fs« f"- f«- r~ f^i M r-4 t-i
o o o o o o o o • • • •
CM CM O *• f»- N- f«^ O .HI r^ f > cn
o o o o o o o o
k • • • CM CM f j fsl I>- 1*- t>- l«-^ • 1 ^ ' » V""* • • •^
o o o o «n o in in • • • •
••* (Si O <-4 03 r~ -o CO «M .->« ru
o o Q a o o o o
• • • • CW CM C O ! > »»- .-V r j
o o o o o o o o • • • •
IM fsj O -iT h- F- m O
O O O Q O O O u*\
• • • * O fvj (M O m f>- f - >£ ffi «~l )P4
o o o o in m o o • • * *
i n o isi rvj t n .0 f - t»-rrj ,^ r^
O O O Q o o o in
« • • « ! \ i <M r«i «-4 f». r* f*. QD r-t r^ r-4 C4
O i n •
Q
<r * o . - 1
u «» »- « M >
ec
o «n <V fM i n -tf-
• fv' o o i n
o • • o
<£> m
B <& »^ B H X >- X
• • CD ^ JS. f".
• • • • te\ w<t f^ w* i»- f - f" 1*-
• • • • if\ tn a '^ JO f~ trs f—
• • m (M r^ f>-
• • • r^ i». rs |s- 1 ^ f -
• « • • -d- C7» M CO »<• pe« *Vtt p**
• • • • m o in ( f>- CO r- -^
O W •£» ru rs. r~
00 m 00 pw ^ . f^
.n CO r^ f«-
in CO ^a O »». r- r~ i-r
-O 05 O*- •«*• f~ r~ f«- f -
•O T'J 0^ fw h - rw
m o m r^ 1 ^ f>-
• « sn tV)
in >o •* -* i»- f* r - f-
• • • • f«\ «-< r~- fO f»- ' ^ f»- p~
• • • • O •4' in o r- f - r~ CD
eo fN! >o r»- CD ^»
<N» .-« ff-<X> f>- f -
»-* f»» 00 00 r- f^
o • • • o cv <i-
r- f - f~
• • m .o fw r* t>» r* f^ f>-
^ <&
•i- in
sn (M
h- f^ fs. f«-
t n 00 fo 4f\ r- ^- f» ^ -
(\! rrs •J3 CO f«. fw sO »>-
« « • • f»> •« O »^ •«6 r» ao ?—
<<• »«« m »•- r>- a s
(h m C3 a •O f*- 00 J^
c <«
* p-
m j s -
• • • •£»«•»»»• i » p>» f«"
• • * n i n t«b «# (f!» •(O * ^ t » »«»
at M\ j s .
• O «e
• a »<•
«*• 1^ Os, ^ r- r» r r~
«o tn ^r «*• t»- r» OS h-
OO i n o f~ t*- 00
fA i n 4" <*• r- f~ f - f^
m a>
OD h-
^ f^
O r-4 fO f^ 03 f^
o sn o* in r>- f»- r^ r-
m o -4- »-( 33 a> f~ r«>
t^ "i- r->o r~ h-
m >*• ^ 00 is. »>• i>. r -
O tfi
* 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i > 1 f 1 1 1 1
< u . iT,
•«* H-<L VO
X I—
>-• X
• W-
o ac a: o - J
1 1 1 1 t t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t t 1 1 i i 1 1 1 i i
m u-i t^- r-
•^ ft O -t J\ r- f>- t«- 1 ^ r-
t*» f^ 1—• rvj r~ r~ r- h-
^ r O f~ r- CO
m f~ ^ f~ 00 f«- r - f -
i n m
in ^ fo 1^ f— h-
f - sO -iC «-l >0 1^ r »~- oc fs-
eo -o • * >o fv. ^ r^ fw
CO «T> >0 ^ ^" t^
O* «D CM f^ fs. ^ p>. ^
so r>~
i n h>
^ ( S .
I - O >0 f>- r*- r-
in f«% ra -4" o r- r- r>- r r-
sO »-i >t c f^ » r~- o
• 4 <7v <»• in c> r>-h. r>- h- t«-
in o K
3v o ^ »e « r-
0« O" O '*"i f - J^ h- f -
eo c?. OO i n CO -»< h- N- ^ («^ f»-
O !*> 00 00 p^ r -
rM •»•<*» «> 0 f<- ^ f--
<£) in
1 -
< a
« • • t * m r-IV- f^ f *
• • • • • t- i h- 4- 00 tfs f»- f - >0 pv f«-
• • • • • <\» o a> o fn r- r* 43 ac r-
• • • <o r«- 00 f»- 43 h-
• • • • •4- f - • * O r* CO ^<- f -
• <> f -
• i n fs .
* Ch t *
*-* Q£ O
m n> i n !«. t>. ^ .
d- «o o> CT> t n f*. fs- <o va f^
»0'f*» O i '>*' CO f « I * 00 r*> f -
CO (O x-i i n m ^ - i S r- ^* I*" f*-
ft* KV
^ M f ^9*!
o a ey ey
• • fM 0» <>• a (Vi 1^
o o o in
• • 0> 03 O ^ r 4 <-4
O O in o
• • 00 ca > * •&
r^ IM
O O m tn
• • 03 O ^ ( W
r-t
O O C3 O
• • * fSJ sf C
fM
a a O lf<
• • O* CO o • * ^ - l
id& c ^ lA U\
» m en o . * u\ f *
o o o o • • *A tf\
esj fvj
o o o o o ir> • • • <M O 0«
•«0 CO h-r j tM
o o o o i n IT • » •
tO 00 CO 00 • * >i-<M r-« f-«
o d a m o m • • • CO C> O-
>*• O f^ r-i -<
o o o o o «n • • •
i n o «n •r-t t*\ CO Csi ^
o e Q m tn o • • • CD 00 O
•-4 •>4 O »H
a Q Q o m o • • •
tf^ 09 i n ••^ • • iM (NJ fHI (M
£3 o e^ Un t£l KV • • •
® o e> « » • ? - - * • aM •>«
O m •
r *n m tn
a «~ » 4
«< Ci£
o o <a o «n O <cs O
• • • • « <* i n >i-* ^ ^ 9*4 ^
o o o o Q O in o • • • •
a> CM <?• tNj o ^ i n • *
O Q 3 O in o in o « • • •
CO f\i i n NO •>* « * CO f -r^ W »-« <M
O O O C5 in m o o * • • •
CO Wi 0» O* • * CO O O fM< ft*} f-rt f«4
O O O O in o c» in • • • •
o »o m ch fw 00 ,..<, ^«*
Q <3 O O o sn in in • • • •
o in e^ tn fTi no jrt 00
a A A d * n o o tn • • • •
(O m m oD -rf- J - »«( <* •>< (M <M t^l
cs o o o o o m o • • • •
o* in cr o» o M m o •^ rvi •-<
o o o o m u n o in • • « •
i n CD (\t CO t o ^ vO • * r-t <-« CsJ 1-4
O Q O O O in o in o in • • • • •
o^ • * t n 0^ 00 P - >*• 00 O >*
O O O C5 O o tn m o m • • • • • in m m >o m
^ 00 CO CD CO r j r-» " ^ r » j » - «
O O C3 O O
«n in tn o o • • • • • 03 C> 0* O* O
•^ N- in o fft ^•4 (oi
O O Q O O
o o o in o • • • • •
tv <M o o^ r j •£ ^ « \ r» >d* (M tM fM
o e» o o o o o o o m • • • • • ^ m f\i n i CO
<r .-« •* <i-ra (\i ^
o a a C3 o o m tn in tn « • • • • o « t n 0 0 0 0 S3
<D CO iM t-* ^ r-'4 #M • ^
o o •
^. 0^ ^ cr
a
«-« * M ^
Qi
o cs o o CJ «n o o
• • t • •4- 0» iO 0»
- r»- o (Vi •-<
o o o o in o tn lA
• • • » CO ^ 00 CO l } - ^ < * »-« ,-t !\) fi
c; o o o in Q o o
• • • • !r> <v 'V c^ 0 0 • * >£i O .HI (M (M » 4
O O C3 c s O O l A Q
• • • • o <y> 00 •JS f n c> <* b-
.-» r-« fvj
Q O O G O C3 O O
• • • • o tn p« o 0 0 —« • * m rsi ru fsi
r> o o o tn in in Q
• • • • O O^ - ^ fM tn f «*
C\i
« e» o a m o o o
• • • • 0» »*• -"O ^ • * r- s*-
r j
o O Q O
in in o o • • • • in 00 <7> o»
CO •*• 0> O . -« f-< CM i«4
o o o o m o o o • • • » tO ^ Oh 1 ^
o r^ o ><h r j Cvj p ^
O O O O
o o o in • • • • in in l" cr
,-< t-4 <*• J^ nj rg
o cs o o o in in tn • • • • ^j m m in
^^ ca CD CO CM i-« *-• t-"
o o o o in o o m • • • •
m >o «o CO 0 0 O r 4 —1 (M 1-4
O O O CS C5 o o o o n
• • • • * (S) m "i" »-4 o o ^ «!• t n i ft r t j (M •
in 00
o o o o o m tn tn in o tn o* « • • • • Cf> U^ CO ^ O^
tn 30 •-* N- f . -4 n j
o o c o o m o o e> e» • • • « •
m m (V o» fvi CD •-< O* O ' i * r« N (M .-^ fNi
O C3 tn in • • €0 Ch
<f m
•~<
o o o O in
» * ^ ff-f in ni
C5 O
tn
• Its CO .-1
o m in o
• • in Cf 0 0 i n r-4
C5 O
• fV' ^0 N
a o o in
t • • tvt <M in <j- a> 00 iM n j e-«
o o o in « •
o c m m
iSi O
o o •
o o f - !
C!> c3 o in
• • as J-o ^ m-i
O O
• 43 o» n j
C3 in in o
• • in o^ CO r-.-»
• m •-« f\j
o o o o in o • • • iSi 0 0 <S
• i - J - i»-N »^ OJ
o o o m o o • • • o> o> tn
o f4
<>4 nj
O O O
o o o • • •*• in
-*• r-t CNi
• ^0 f*-(NJ
O O O in o tn
• • • «M ^J in —i <£>
n j CO —4
O O O m o tn
• • • 0^ 4- «o N- 4" f - l
o o o O (A O • • « •O 0» r j O
N- )>-r j * o fM •
m 00
O Ci O f-
tn m o xO • • • tn o> m
CO »-4
Q Ci
-* CM
11 Q —
O O Q •-»
• • • • » •
fs j (M - * U - * J^ fSJ CJ
^
o o o O O O
• • • m in o —« <-( r i ru t J
O Ci O o m o • • • 04 c^ fNj
<*•»>- •4" <M CM
O O O m m m • • « CD m 00
4- CO <*• ^ ^ r - »
Q O O Cs o o o o • • • •
m <M •*• <\i •-I O J " ^0 <M f j <V
Q O C Q m m o o « • • •
(> in tn >4-r- 00 o^ !*•
f-l CJ
a ct a a tn m o o • • • •
cci O NO O - ^ t*- p- »rt
(M
c^ o O d 1=) o o m • • • •
^ m cr o ^ O f>-(M >-«
o o o o m m o o • • • • 0« CO <?» O^
l»» <»• O O #-l (M r«
o o o o in o o o « • • • ea o^ cr> c\i
4- O O >* »-« r<* r-l CM
O O O O m o o o • • • •
' i j m O' m O' f-« O . ^ r>) r j »-««M
o o o o o m m o • • • •
isj (V o* m <i 1-* its tH t"} n j
o o o o o m o o • • * • 0^ CO <\i m
O •4' <<> •-• »-i —< fs) N
Q O O Q o o m o • • • •
(M O- (J. r J o 0^ o f - «o t n "Si «-< CM •
e» >&
O O O O %0 Q O O O «> • • • •
c o o> o o o o m •-« ro 1-4
B O O O C — m lA o o •-•
« • • • • —
00 OO m o sc •& -^ f^ (f\ •^ ~» AJ
o
a sn •
</>
, " ' o
• uTi
t n
o t n 00
o lA
O O •
o
o m
o o
n j
o m •
CO
o m
• tn to
o
o m •
o o >»•
o •^ •
Al
H O —
tn 0£
M
o n j
a m •
i n
O m •
4-
o lA
•J-
o m •
m 00
o i n
• 00 • 4
o m CO
o t n
CO
O
o
CM
fvi
o m cr
o O
o m
a o •
o
o m •
o o •
00
n»
m
m CD
o m •
CO 4 -
Q l A •
00 4-
a
o o
t - i » m o»
o f -o -4
•
OJ
At o : 4-CM
m m CM ' *
• --O O »-« fNI
O * • o
m
V« « II
3C»- X
rsi i*v K\ <vi i « i\a rh fVJ f\» nJ iSl fvl cu (\!
i*i i-rf Ch i \ ! h - <»> CM r j •»< ( M r \ i »-J
ITi if l O C3 {\I f\i •'•>i r-l r~l r j
CO IM O <lft <M I M - ^ r
o o o o o o o o o ift e» o cv o • • « • • • •
CT> <NJ CO 0 * i V 0» <M t o CO • # <T% CO <<% CO .»• i»4 f-J _^ a>4 ^~t m-t
o o o o o o o o *a a tfv (» • • • • • •
(M O 00 O CO 00 CD O ^ - ff» O ^ #i4 ««< ««} <f\
c^ r>- 00 lO fO fO CO •\) <M »•< f d ^ ' J V
• • • • • • • r<> O iri m <0 ^ J «•»( fM <Si rM ' , (Sj fM
• • • • • • • «M O >0 r-t <V r-« CD I V r u r.J f M «M fNi (M
• • • • • •
K O <vj CM m <n - 1 r>j P«J (M .M - '
« • • •
o <3 ro o •** r j **j t^
• • • • • • t \ . «n !»• JA fVI 03 rsl PJ *^J (M M .-4
• • • • • sO f* JJ —• -J-
• • • • •
rvj vTi o r~ (*
« • • • • <»< rfi ro ra o^ tvi " i j r j t \ ! r-!
« • • • ir» »o «<i f< t V "\. r>^ * J
• • • • r - ^ f \ i t«>
C>J i f ) Q C •»4 -J <<J fSl
O O C Q O O O o ir\ o lA o o o
• • • • • < • m 00 O i-M f-J M l A m O (*» CD «D OQ <V
O O O C3 C i O O O O lA O (T. U\ O
• • • • • • • i n f V CD <M ^4 •.O O*
^ - sj" CD CD ."4 m -Ni »-« CM CJ f-*
O O O O O C5 O o o «n o o o c3
• • • • • • • o» fs. !v o o» o <n rrj r~ CD iS fr% O >M
C3 O O O O O
tr\ o o o iA o •
CD • • • •
OJ 0» O^ CU 1*- f O (*l •*•
>»4 ^rf fXl
•
o o o o o o o tn o <n m O
• « « ' v 'VJ 00 CO
« « O 00
• Cv CO 1-4
(-5 O O C3 O Q
o o in tr> o Q
a> <Ni CO 00 o» o f<^ 00 O - * «^ *if» .-•!»-« r n fsj .-»
^ ~ f ' j " ^ »-4 est in tn C j f V (M fsi CSI t V M
o> r^ .-^ »o fM •-< . - t fM rM { \ i «NJ (M
cr ch f^ >*• 00 - J is ; f^i rsf (M
• • • • •o (~- o r\ (M f \ ! fV. r J
c a o o o o « m Q ari Q o iA in
• • • « • • • eo t^ J3 o o CO 05 o m —< o ro •*• ^ m r-- r\ i , - « , - < M «M
o o o o o o O tA O tf* O O
• • • • • • CO ao O (V O* (£5 >t- O O dO <«) O
m •«< fsi >H •»«
fft f~ m CO o h- f»-CM CM Csj r j fNi f\J -»i
•i) • * m o ,*J A j f V f^ t V ^ fVt
»o -o o J ^ fvj f' r». TM (M
• • • • i n >*• »!• i \ j OJ tM (M fS.
o o o « d O cj Q m O o Ci i A « \
• • • • • « • r^ GO est tA fit 01 dS (Z> <:> 0 0 ( M »<• c ^ o r-4 f ( ) »oi ( f t (1|l iCk
<l!l C3 A fi O i!k
• • • • • • f d i4& O ' I V r<ii iOk eo ••« m dQ flU
OS •<« «rt o> CD o r> ra IM JM »4 ^ IM CM
o» a- • * o O <ss »"« * ^ f \ l n j »%? ^ J
rx fg vo . ^ m
tn oj fu fM r j
»0 f - 0^ O o «S) m <» iS» «& tfk • • • • • » •
^ o 00 ca cd iM <£> CM O "i" ^ <•>•»» CS m r-t t M fr t
£& e& 4 b £ l (3i < 0 eft <aiM\ ek a> ak
• • • « • • OD 0 0 >A ( V I O I 0 > <*• » * »H ^ f>- m
o CO f*i r«- •«*• m •-* <\» .-I r\i —* rsj tv fsj
• * • • • • 00 i n 00 ^o «A .-« fSJ JM ( \ l rvj fM fvj
r-4 <n •-« to tn I M C\' f>J - ^ (M
• • • • t>J •<) »0 tNJ M ( \ i r-j «\i
o o o o o o o o o o o if»ino
• • • • • • • f 4 O fNi O "O 0 0 O r - ff\ 05 fM < ^ - ^ O
o o o o o o c in o W M A O
lA 00 tn CM CO o ^ * fM CO O «» »M m <M CM —1
• • » • • • • »-< O f « >0 •-• j t l 1 ^ fM «V f j JSJ P\i r j «M
o >o tn >* »o f«-»>• r a fM fM «\i w
• • • • • «n • * f o* o (M r U f ^ r«d » 4
• • • • o O rt^ o IM rvl tM (M
£3 O O C!> O O O o o o i f t o o «n
• • • • • • •
O M«Vl<MCk <M «> o r 00 00 o 00 o
O D O O O O o tnift »n m tfi
• • • • • • IM (M OD >o ^a CO
00 ^i* «>4 CO O IM fM M <M rH
• • • • • « • ^ r-« 0» ^ O O <M Jv IV !••« iNj r-i rsi (M
>a •»! i-i <»- f n r-< fM «M (V) 'V r j JM
t n o^ -*•»-• (M (•<j t-4 IM «M rsi
• • • • ^ m r» • * W ^ 4 r-l tM
o o o o o o o tr\ o o lA o o o • • • • • • •
I M O QO « f M eSiO^ 00 £5 <# r 4 <»« 1 ^ « ) ( M <-• fSi i M
o o o o o o tA O O lA O O
• • • • • • Csl O O 00 <M O 00 O O O 00 O CM •-« . ^ m »-« w«i
O h - » f t ( > O " * - 0 0 r M m r. CM ^ fM iM »-• tM
4 - -fi • • »-«en <J» <M »»i M fO M (M
>o . - • ^ o* o h-(M f \ ! fM .-J .-M fM
rsl lA CM 0» <M C<J <M .-«
4 - i A I A O ^ 0 0 f n C M ( r «M fM I V —4 (^1 J «V .-8
f ^ 00 f n . - • { • > "^ <v c j t-< (M r .
CM O O U> U- .-« <v ~ j «» ?>. rsj (V
<n 0^ ^^ >o - V »H ( V fSi
o o o o o c s o c a t n i A O C ^ O t A O O
• • • • • • • • < } a > ( M a o < M ^ O O ' m o ce «* f«- • - * *n fc. f n «*» l i ^ ( V f H
o o o o o o o o ( A « A « A O O O O O
• • • • • • • • ^ O O O B O O t A f M O ^ G O
ra M CM * 0 »^ »-•
O O B O O O t n O ( A O O € >
• • • • • • O fs) <C O N « > ••4 •-« ai^ o 0 0 m (M <M ^ o 4 m
o o o o o o o o o o o «%
• • • • • • O^ !A «A O P4 «0 <n <V O 0 0 f>< ^ ( n r^ iMl tSl
i e4mf<0
• # «
CO < CO o r>- '-^ fn in r j i V r-i - t p«« .><! M V
i n -^i * A «C CO •>• J r v .>j . ^ CM
• ^ - o >i> »-^ ^ - tA ! \ i "M »~< SM «-( •"!
< Q
«4 2
O
f n » - « 0 { > t A 4 - m > j -fSI f >, CM »-< »-^ fSj !\J ( V
O^ »-H CM 03 •£> r -•,-* r>i r^ t^ Ksi
<v (V aj «o o 4-<v . fM r j !n CM
in o ir o • -vj N< fV
• - ) l A C - CM
<-«. ry <v rv
m o o f * f n ^ < j < m ^ CM r-l . - I t\J »-» t~! t V CM
l A tM O* d - O j n CM CM »-i CM fV M
•«i* N - * 0 CM 4A ^ r g .-» t v «v fM t \ .
rM tA £!> »4 PJ ' V <M (M
i£. Z
O O O O O O O O
o o o o o o o o • • • • • • • •
l A O O O O O O f M f M c M O « n ' 4 " f M O a o o o j n r-4 tr* t^ mt
O O O O O O O O O O l A O t A I A t A I A
O O
• o o« ^ 0 0
• • • • • • • • ( M O t V O O r ^ O f l D ^ flo O CO -i" 1 ^ •id' <~4 r«l r-t <M i M CM CM
o o o o o o o o l A O O O O O m m
• • • • • • • • C O O O f M C M S O e O C M • * f n < M f l D . < ^ - d - - * a o f M f* fM CM
cc
o o o o o o tA o lA tn o o • • • • • • 00 ^ 00 M O €P>
NI- t n « * CO e n « n CM <<«4 CM ( M «M
o o e o o o O O O O tA t A
• • • * « • CO o c^ o f i j «D * o en »n CD o
tM »^ <M m
O O Q o o o t A O O t A O l O
• • • « • « CO O^ 0 0 ^^ « ^ «M »*• «n sf w* p* ce (M « « I M m>t
O o
•
00 o (A -4
«
>•• • ^
d £
t^kM'-tUsSi
•e^m
Ss^ * af
1 ^ ttii
t -4«>*<
O ^
^ ^ ^
^j£i
€>*$• 0* 1
o o
C5
o O •
to
o
CO
o
rsi
«. CO
o *A •
05 < » •
CM
o o
a o •
< «n rM
a o ft ir\ • • V\ 03
rsi O <n en
o o in o • • CO O
-* o est »-l
fii O
o tr\ • •
o r-fs!
o o lA iC\ • • >0 -O
(fi t^
m m
o o tfv u\ •. • sa i&
^ tX« fSi (M
O o * (O
m .-« >*• <-•
H »» *-• • fi£
o o o o o a a a • • • • lf\ ^ 00 CM
M m >* m <^ «-4 »4
Q O C3 O i n «r» o o
• • • • 00 (\! fv rs< 'J- «> CD (D «V fVl «-4 r^
o o o a O »n O o
• • • • n -c CT> <si fsj .w ro CO
fSJ »-» r-(
Q O C3 f3 o in e o • • • • Ch ao r\j <>
ff> ^ N- fl^ .-4 (\l ^-I
O Q O O in in o o • • • •
c^i aa t\i F%i eo o r»- eo o j t n •"!
d o es C3 sn tf\ 4f\ o
• • • • CO ^ <a o •^ vrf M4 m cij r a rsi t-4
e k O A O 0 & act
m. m • » t<4& tntM m-4 f^ '*• 1^
o o o o O U M O O
• • • • ty> <M (M <^ rf) CO 09 (^ •HI (M ri j v-t
o o o o o o o o • • • • ts; <M f\j fsi
f~ r«- CD r-T-t
o o o o m o o in • • • • 00 <St O «0
<^ CO Csl <H rsi tH o j
o o e» Q O tf\ o o • • • • o» CO O" eo
m ^ m * f-« <M <-*
o o o o o o m m » • • • i\f 00 •O JV
so <^ .-4 03 r-f CNJ fM
O O O O O O ifx O • « • •
f\) W 03 ^> O CO r- •*• f>- o rH 04 •
l A
<o O C O O >0 C51A m o ct-• • • • o CO 00 c^
o <* o m .-4 (Si ff) ^
D Cs O O O —> o m o o >-< • • • « -^
c j cs rsi o a : o •*• f - o «>< c\i •-<
i i 1 1 i t 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 i 1 1 t 1 1 1 t 1 1
t -<t </) i -Z3 G .^ • -•—< 2
>-X U i
>-Z o o
t 1 1 1 t 1 1 t i 1 t 1 i 1 1 1 1 i t ! i 1 t 1
o o O
«M4 Ch f% rtN ^M tt\ rt\ rf> -d- i n if> ^ X" IT
O CO f»- O* . , m r-* >r »n >* in %n 4-
• • • • • • • r i m O fsJ O* <\ iTj
o vn lA in •4' x> iTi
•d- «* 0» ' t M * f -in >n d" -n Ti .n >*•
CD O O • * '<'i f-- O •* m L'% xi tn <(• »n
(V m w f in 00 ca m m «n «* sn -* *
• • • • * • • r- f y «M <0 r» • • sD •* in in m »A tn >*•
in in o CO 1*1 o •* m in m in in i'\ in
^ in M o» -o nj CD in in tn <* m in *
o* m <o ^ j ^ sn tn ^ i n i n lA lA (A i n
c\j <A i n <n ^ - <A
in f in !r>, * tn mH {> tf\ %^ O^ lA >*• lA iA •«*•
CO lA f . M f-« n j • * lA lA J^ lA *Q
^- t-< lA lA 0> (A SA A lA - *
lA (?>•-« lA O Ai lA . * i n >*• * i n
(Ti t^ ,-* O •4-iA aA lA vA i n
t«i <\j 00 fsi lA r-tn UA <d- lA lA lA
>*• fvl Ai tv! tn i n lA lA lA lA
O OS • * .-• AJ 4-lA 4- lA lA >A iA
lA £> O «M 00 «A 4- lA 'A • *
O' <Nj - * tM O m J- !A «* m lA »A
lA tO '0 ac% mt t»
ir\ ^ ft\ w\ fts. m
r j <j ers rt^ m lA - * i n lA «A
>» tft 1 * tfi <>'
f»- O O <T> #14 I * <h lA lA -*• (A lA
»r Ai *s- •# ^ lA *A lA lA lA
•* o* f*» o ^ eo «*•>*• m lA * •#
O r^ 00 >-« <0 iA m 4- iC lA
^ 0> A i «» OJ • * X\ • • lA • • lA (A
ISO h» r-< n j f -• * iA «A m m
f«- t«Q c^ ^«. •^ in iA <#
• » * t O O 5 4 * J^ ^ m A
• • • * 00 f-1 r j »-* lA !A IT. lA
m O lA fS lA sA iA aA
• * CO lA <-• lA •*• lA lA
O O Af tn lA 'A lA lA
M m m m
fA 00 O fO lA «*• lA lA
• • • • *A lA fA lA lA »A lA lA
• » • • O >0 >0 n i lA lA IT. lA
l A < < C A i ^ l A > - l ^ > ( M < * - 4 - l A l A l A t r . l A l A
<-* "O m «A fM <* If'. lA »A (A Ift lA
0« f - »-4 ^ A» O it' lA lA lA lA lA
J - O •-• >A lA lA *A lA
IA lA J^ IA •# J^ r\ (A <n I - o ><• M ^ lA ' ^ O tA IA lA
m <• IA AJ ff^ VA <A i n 4 - (A •*• lA
rsi fo »-* o «A «A <A -J-
- i j - I A l A i A ' i l A l A l A o Ai r<a o» >*• Ch lA «A lA -*• lA 4-
o* ao >o <v .-< rfi ^ o^ «A t n ^ IA
M m o lA (A tA «A IA
e f-. O O
o • • •-«
tVi o» CO (>
u »— II l i X H- X
< A t l A C D i Q O » - « ( > « - f lA i n 4- "A -0 lA >(»• lA
^ (Ti , ^ f«. 9> f»k tn lA lA m -<• m
fO «*l <t* O* " i * O* lA lA -^ # lA lA
• * "S" CO «*> iA tf\ sf tA
a o f » - o o i \ ( a > ' » o o o lA u ^1 J i IA -n lA 4- •> ^ lA IA IA IA
•>t s> o» o -^ f^ lA lA ^ lA <* IA
vf a i n iM IA lA lA tA
A l IA « > 9 k |
is o d Cftl o o i f v m i
o o lA e», • • * «c
lA »A Ov tfS
rsi Ai tm
o m sA.>i • • •
m o> o^ Hit *« ce fi& I ~
<3 CSf &1^
• • * jp,
>£t •& eb m
tA O 0 1
lA 'O <S»- L .
• • • i ^
A*«s&e> _
6 t C3 &.i&
«6
o o ca o o o
• • • o < <> fSI »" 0» M^ md tt^
o o o O o in
• • « CO O* 0> i A >£) « ^ »«? t v
e> £3 ca tf> O O
• • • O QO O^ l A l A <>
» ^ »w<
Q C3 C i o o in
• • • O iA 0< O- fO !»>-« f4 (M
Q O dS o i n ir> • • • • o^ <?> o £?> j-< CO »«t
O CS CS
o o o • • •
0> IJ\ U\ ^ m m «M
Jit ea cbr i f t ^ O
J l ^ l A »*• rti f*»
m rsi
Q O O o in o
• • • o Ch m fsi 00 m •«( (M
o o o o o o
• • • 00 «o t n o^ in rt «NJ »-l
O C5 O m o o
• • • «o c> ^ «-i 1 ^ ( ^ fO fNi ^
o <a o o o e> »n o
• • • • <r O ^ 00 «ji <M j«4 i n j v • ^ rfs »-4
O O o o tn o o o
• • • • 0» 0v 0 \ 00 .-4 O* O*
• ^ ' - *
!J» f g
O O Ci O tn o o o
• • • « sn m eo o» o fv m m CT* tn m iM i»«
t s o o m o m
• • •
<-« • -JT* « * •
o a o o> • .~>
<*• o o o m fsi i n f-j «n »-•, ^
8 O © Ci O •~-(fi&dea 1ft.
* » • M ( l « e ©>• 4II,&>#. <nt«st '
i ^ # o: » sir
o o o o o o O O rt « ir\ c s
• • • • • • <0 CD O* 0* 0» CO i n ff j j 0* .-« &• >.rf r v l ( M i x i ( M
3 o o a o C3 o o o o o in
• • • • • • tn o> o» o« o <> (Ti x» 0> Ch CM fO
fN^ «» i <MJ f«-* 1 ^
cj o .-:> cs o a o m o o in o • • • • • •
0> O G f^ O (O ^ in oj in in < v . -* i - i
rj o o o Q o o o o o o tn
• • • • • • o 00 m OD o '^ 0 > u ^ rf> i n ^ » ^ ^•4 r~*. r-f CNi e n
r> o o o o o o o o o o o
• • • • • • CO m tn o 00 in o m M fM j> m fvl PlJ t - l r-* fS*
O O « C3 O CS
in o o o o o • • • • • •
O CO >«• O «-l O
in in <M m o •»4 * fO * ^
£a es e» tfso e> aema oca a
• • • • » • CD 00 m o o o> Oi 0> (O 1© tSI 0« (SI csi r>i cvf 04 .-4
O O O O O C3 tn in in m o o • • • • • •
ov (?• c <r o in —« 00 CO n ru m
,-4 CM
O C) O O O O o <n o m m o • • • • « •
• * O" o > O* o> i n
Lrt o CO tn m .-(
o o o o o o O i n o O O O
• • • • • • o o» CO m CO in m lA* in <n in tn r^ rH e-l IM
o o o o o ca o o o o o o
• • • • • • o CO 0 o* eo »n (SI a> c« vD in m . -1 fM ,-* <' i 1-4 (M
o o a o o o o tn in o o o • • • • « •
cr o^ •* tn CO m &< r-4 m fn in <*> *-! fCV tM . -« tSl
o o o o o o tn o o in o tn
• • • • • • o oo CO o< m a- o CO in in j> m m m
• ^ n< tM • m •*•
O C3 O O O O <C o o o in in o •*
• • * • • • r-* «D O^ O ^ 0< O o« o» cy t-* u\ o SM *-» 1-^ f<^ f~i
n o o c3 o cs o -» i n m o o a o —
• • • • • • V <^ o CO o o CO Q :
jn loN if> ry ^ in «w« »-^ f \ i •'.'»
o o o o o O »ft o O «n
• • • • • O 0> O* if> O' M L . 0* ffi t n **»4 J>M1 ^ U
C3 O O O C in o o o m
» • • • • >o o O" c^ £> r-i CM -lO o m m ,-«(ss fsj
o cj C3 cs rj o o o o o • • • • •
o o ci CO tn 0^ <M iM c^ m ,>4 ^ rM <M fSI
O O C5 C5 O Q a a a a • • • • •
tn CO 03 00 o^ fo in in in <o (\t -^ —i t-i (\.
O Q O O Q o in in o o
• • • • • o> o^ c* CD in •a i n CO i n f i <v •-«
« i - i O C5 O O O O O C3
• • • • • CD »>< 0^ 0< 0^ »rv » ^ sO CTi O^ »-l CM »-l »-<
Q O O C J f^
o o m tn o • • • • •
^ CO Ov Oi _ ( t ^ m 00 —« CM
O O O CJ O o o o o o • • • • •
in so m tn in ffi i n tft fn ffi psj r-t rsi rj ni
O C5 O C3 O in o o o o • • • • •
o» o i n i«~ 00 OD tSJ f«> fl% 0»
.M rt Cvi
o o o o o o in o o in • • • • •
in o o 00 <o fpi *-* r j n r-i
«*\ •-< p-t *o
O Q O O O O i n i n o o o • • • • •
tn •
Oi >0 O 00 CD' &• i n »^ CM o i n
ff^ ^-4 *%( r-4
O O O Q O
0 0
o o o o o in o * • • • « •
a> in f- 00 »-« o» CT" m in »i^ rvj i~*
-o CM
ct o Q a a a in o o o o o
• • • • % • OK m 0 0 CO f - o» o in ff) o^ in fo cy m
CM i - l (*1 .-* • .tJ in
o Q o cs o o m o o m in o o m
• • « • • o^ o* <~< O' in
• t~* r^
o £> u"\ m 1* ».i »-4 CiJ fA
cs o o o o o jA i n i n Q
• • • • • in in o» c^ •-< ffi ' sn 00 »-i r\i m
U O '— a -*
• »«• O QC iN <-4
rs o o i f t C5 O
• • • (y> 0 0 x 4
». cy> rr\ fSi fft
: 3 o Q in in o • • •
C O* 00 00 CD i n
- i
o o o m o o • « *
tf\ O 00 CM «\J i n r t i-« ^
o o Q
o m
• <J> r-^
o o
• l A
m f j
o o •
o AJ ,M
O O in o o
* • • c^ <j> c^ O CO <0
~< «v
o o o o o o • • •
in m o tTi en ^ fVI .-4
a a a tn tn o
• • • 0^ O 00 00 09 m
<»«
cs rs o o »n o
* • • ^ . m 00 {T, Csi O tn (r\ f\l
o o o
• CO i n i - <
o o
• o CM ~ l
O o •
o ^ (M
o o
• cr v£) fSI
o o o in o
• • • • o> in o> O' 0^ m 00 o^ r-f >H
o o o o o o o o
• • • o« o> c^ >C ^ CJ* Cv IM »-•
o o o
a c^ <£> fS»
O ^ o o o • • •
0> CO CO a> o» o
• 00 :n
rM r j .-1
o o o o o m o o
• • • • in 0 o <?> m CO CM
rss ^ >o ra
o o o o o o o tn • • • •
00 0^ O 0^ ^ 0* CM •-< r-i t-4
o o o
tn
o o o in o
• • • • CO o» fT' c o m o» 00 r ^ r*4
o tn Ai •
eo f«j
o o o o o» o o o o o • • • • »-«
tn m in o» t*S tf^ tt\ Ch n j PJ f *
a o o o o — o tn o o •"• • • •
in o» o* pf» CD «0 m . (M
• •«• o a: Ai #H-(
m m 0* AJ i n ^
• o r-t •-< t n
o • • •-•
cc o
00 H «0
t— « a X H- X
• • ^ ^ A ; "si
• • • • IS. ^ eQ <A .rf CM .irf A i
• • » 1 ^ smi ^<M
(M (M A l
^ (\i J CM
so O CD O i J f i j CM »>«
A* ^ ! * A* fM A»
• • o ^ r j '^•
• • • • CM 1 ^ © • ^ AJ CM fM Al
• • • t" & &> r-i <*4 fwl
• • 1*. s^ CSJ A l
• • • • Ai »-••-« AJ A l C*» CM A l
* • • » SA 0< 0^ & A l i~< « < I M
• • f - t O AJ f^
• • • • «> >*• O* fvj AJ ^d A l AJ
• • # « •a CO » # 4 ^ i-i A l f t l W
• • o r-A l s~t
• • • • O C> M -C Ai r 4 IM At
• • • f^ «a f o A i A i «4
« • AJ m CM Al
• • • a Ai < £ ^ tn A l «4 N A l
« «> Mt m Cd At
1
1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 i 1 i 1 1 1 i 1
I / }
*^ 1 -4 ( Ui
oc 1 -O < u. h-Z m h-Z o o
i
I t 1 t 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t i 1 1 1 1 1
^ o CM AJ
00 tn «A ^ Ai AJ
• • • N t^ to CM r-4 Ai
• • • • <© A- -«• vO -M fM AJ AJ
• • • • 0« SO s*> At •-I a-HI CM Ai
• • • • • o <•» m 0*0 m CM A* •-« w
CM r M M « C
• • • in o 4!i Ai At M
b- »n «* A< (M AJ
O <^ «»4 f»i Ai Ai At AJ rM>^ Af Al «^
00 in m AJ !M <M
• • • -• !>- CO Al 1-4 <M
^ o <n m m («9 »4 Ai AJ AJ
• • • • • CMf* m CMP-AJ Al (M fMir-*
AJ MAIM
• • • »
< »-< o _ J
< ar *M4
o • w «
ac D
• • • * i n AJ Al M f <
• • • tn t^ tf\ A i CM Af
• • • • « Ov <«i eft <t»0» >H1M Ai «^<<4
• • • • • m a> 00 A£At CM AJ •><( CaAi
• • CO w n • - » CM
• • • M> t*\ t^ rsi n j p j
• • • O^ t\i i<S i-i c j Oi
^ en f J «M i-Si t\J
fft <*\ f* fSl «\i (M
• • • ro o* f j
1 ^ h-.-* CM
O to fSJ »-« f j .-» f\l fVJ
o
• • • ^iS tfS tsi
CM f j i V
• • • « o m ^ •*•
r J r j r>a r»j •
<J-<^t
• i A tsi
• • « CO t^ \0 r^ r«t (\i
• * • t f v fr» l A <£> <M CM fvj JSJ
• >
f^
m
in r j
• £
« - t
Q O so f<^ fW M » t fSl <x>
• • • 0 0 <A « 0 f y 1M fNJ
• • • • <-i tf\ fO •4 ' (M (Si «\i rsj
• t-fM
• ( V
(>}
• i n
fs«
• • • <o r~ o >H( OJ ( \ t
• • • • in 00 - * <M rSl r^ PsJ t M
• • £ •-<
• ^ fHl
• ca r\t
• • • « * ^ « w*
<Mf4C\l
• • « • o* fo tn m fM (M '•g fvj
• ro (NJ
• •-« CJ
• f<^ (M
• • • ' * {<i ( A Cvi <Si CM
• • • • (t\ ft\ Q <X>
r< fsi ra r j
• ( M <M
• h-«M
t
sO t ^
• • • tfN <*• l*Y <M I V r»i*
• • • • O f*- CO in Nj r j r-t <v
• m f<j
• cr •~i
• -a-«M
• NO I V
• • • O vO CO S V »-* ("•«
• • • • «o fsi -* r\i •NJ fNS r j n j
• tn .•NJ
• in ^J
• CO r j
m •«4
«>J • • • O t- -t
.-< «s ni • • • • OD f i ro O
N rsi fN/ ^ <
• o INJ
• Ch f - «
• nj ni
• igg^
«>« • • •
A i O ^ IM M « 4 N
• • • • m »* ni o f s i <M n j iM
• in t\i
• m i \ j
• <M IM
i i
z < a:
o o in o • • r-« -d-
CD O"-
o o in o
• • «v m (M • - * «\! r-4
Q O
in o • •
o c ,o >f
I J
rj o o o • •
o» ^ o a> m t^
a o m m • •
. - 1 O 0 0 <£
o o O Q
• • o> m <d- •>< tvi
o c c tn • • ( O f*-
."4 m r-i <~»
O Q
in tn • •
t-* O
ca >a
o o o tn in tn • • • rt CM 1*-
ni IM ^ rsj fM
o o o o o o • • •
m m * i>4 •-4 CO ^ IM
O O O
O tf» O • • • a* rsj *
Jl M 0 » <M CJ t-4
o o o o tn tn • • *
• ^ p j r»-
oo IM 'n fSI PsI »-4
o o o U \ O O
• • • ^ en •4' 0 0 r ^ 0 3
IM
o o o o sn o • • •
rj* IM m c n j i»i
r«i a .-*
o o o «n ea in • • •
t ^ 0 « tSJ
-n a nj »- . IM IM
o o •
a CM
O m
it
•^ >•* ^ ac
o o o o O O tn in • * • •
ITS >i" fO f -«-« 0< OJ tn
o o o o o tn o m • • • •
«* i«- %tf* o» 00 i n flo f«\ <M >-* m
Ca o o o o o in in • • • •
m o o ^ >~t O <£ (D
C3 O O O Q in in o • • • •
r^ 03 *-« m ^ •• O* 35 —• r-l IM <-«
o Q o i:> tn o tn o * • • •
p«. >* (M f<l
sn CT' CT" ^ ( . -< >-l fM «-*!
O c: o o tn u"» Q o • • • •
O 0» rO 0> .^ fTi .«-l J-
.~4 M
rs o cs n a u tn in • • • •
en m r~ rsi (-4 JT INI r^ •>< (M
a o o o o o o o • • • •
3\ O" «* O*
* o c <r IM CM f-« rM
O O CJ O tn in o o
• • 4 • o tn <* cn m IM o* -*
o o o o o o m in tn iT' • * * • •
^ r» f- c o c u"t in i*\ <o I M f-* 1-4
O O Q O O o :n in in o • • • • •
O* ^ r^ *^ f-l ^ CO 00 SO IM
o o o o o o »r\ tn tn tn
• • • • • •* 0* r~ p*- r-(T' m 'j\ us it\
a Q o a a o o m o o • • • • • (<r» O* 1*- «*% f t
p-l O i n r-« »-l r^ CsJ <~l r- i
o o e C3 o tn in tn m in • • • • •
O^ Iv . 1 ^ f>» Ch
sn tn a i in rf» •-H rW *«i
o o o o o tn m tn c i o • « • • '•
^a IM i*\ in fft C<i th fSf r-4 }^^
(M I M r-t r-*
Q J>
t
• *
I M
ni o
u «« *^ « •Ci;
o o o O iri O
• • t
o o • c •-» m <o
sS* 0 3 .•<
IM —^
O O . - i
.-1
<p>i
o o o o tn • • • rn O* "
r-4 >*• O
» - l <M «">
o o o
• o >D
O
o o in o • • •
f f i ^ c^ »-«{?> m
fM
C3 O O
in in tn • • • nj o> o*
{M m p o
csi
o r> C5 in o tn • • •
i n • * f-< 0 0 0 0 IM
o o o O Q O
• • •
• ^ o .-«
o in •
I— »A
#--•
o tn •
<?
m
o o •
«rt OS l*\ O^ m-* '4- ,-4
•-4 IM
<r> 1 3 f 5
•£1
IM
a tn m c O • • • .0-* f - * •
* CO in eo O ^ i^j
o o o o tn o • • • 0^ rsl (j»
•«*• t M • *
IM IM Pu
•"»
o o •
<> <£
IM
O O O O
tn in o o • • • 00 f* m
0 » i n F-i IM •-« r-t
• m •-< r-<
O O O O in tn o • • •
IM IM 0> IM C J -
IM IM (M
in •
o •X3
O O I S O
o in in o • • • • <T> -• i>* m
• * t n t n t-« IM t- l . -4 r«l
o o o o o o tn o • • • • m m h- NT
»««»-»••{•% CO , 4 , . « . ^ IM
O O O CJ O
o o m o o • t • • • CT* '*• O •* 0> O
«*• o> ^ SM i - i
o '* a r ^ (M »
O O O C3 O O^
o tn in o tn o • • • • • t<\ o^ tH a -^
r-< m m o ID ' r ^ tn
H
o o o o Q »~ m in o • • •
o tn — • • •«•
« o a> m 0 ac CD -O > 4
m r^ m r-»
o o tn. en
• • m < ^ f \ i • *
I M
a C3 o m o r n • • •
a» m r»-m .«4 in
-4 r-i
a a a o tn o • • • *4- r- ro
o^ tn (^ ^ r »-*
a a a in tn tn • • •
r* f~ r-in tn m t-t r^ wi
o o o tn in Q • • •
I M f>- m
I M t n 1-4 tM r-* r^
« o o i n Q C3
• • • m m {> A j — » • * •
tv
i=J O O
o m o • • •
^ I M <^
o n j t r (M f M »4
O O Q
o tn o • • •
• * I M 0>
00 I M J -n » I M CM
o o o tn o in • • • tn o» o
•JO tA I M
O O O
o o tn • • •
* 0^ f - t
^ ^ CO <-4 ni
o o o o lA tn • • • •4* r- CM
£T> m CM —t f H CM
Q O O
tn o in • • •
fvj * f^
IM C" in I M » - • »ii4
a o Q tn tf% in • • «
Cf tf\ m o • ^ CM O
• o (r>
Ct O O <0 tn o o 'O • • • <t^ 0> -^^
m ^ o» I M *-»
H
O O O — e » m o i - i
• • • '•r
cf» c m a: ^ m f-«
o e o t n i n
• • CM r«-(M sn CM SBi
o a in in • • fw c^
a-x m »H
o o o o * •
i n
• f » 4
03
O
m • t^
m —t
rs o • 0* m o»
>A <»4 CM
o a
>D f i
a o in in o in • • • • o m m ^
<0 CM
o o in tn • •
O f ^
•JO t n t-i
o o
-4 S3 f - 4
O O
o o • • o *
^ o-CM ..<
O C5
o tn tn o • •
f n h»
- * t n •-4 »M
• * c\j c^ CM J *
CM I M
o o O Ci m lA i i \ m • • • •
C3 Ct t n t ~
•^ ^
o o
CM I f >
•-»
o o ^ in tn o « •
t^ CM 00 rvi
fSJ
o o
• • fw *
tn o r-4 f t
o a tn in o o • •
CM l*» I M I M I M
• • >* m c^ •->• 1-4 1-4
o o o o in tn tn in • •
CM f -• • ^• csj
O" tn tn CM CM ^ rM fSJ
o o o ci o tn m o • • • • CMf- O •*
tn i->4
<.n 00 n j
O O € 5 O
tn o in in • • • • o o m IM
^ -O CM CM CNJ ni
a Q a C3 O O C!3 O
• • • • c^ m • * in o 4 - ^ fVl .-4
O^ t^ O 1-4 s-4 •
f ^ 00
o o o o m o tn m tn OD
• » * • J- f - f - O 00 m CM —*
t n 10 r-*
» o o o o —> m o o m •-• • • • • »»
CM «*• rt40 C <\ia> m*^ (M »« (^
CJ
m
en
4 »
Cft CM
o o
o «M
Q
in.
o in •
m
o o CO
o in • ^.
tn r^
O in • <M
M CM
O
in
« tn • M
a i m
@ c^ •
«n#
I * *J •*t
M •# «*« <» ie
o Q
• • *
O--^
r5» u\
* «N4 fti &3
£Sk O *
«@ o» (M
o o
« m »-< • - I
o o
• o •3-C>i
o VIS
• l~4
CO
o o • o <J5 fsi
o lA
• O m
o «A
• tN* «M fM
O u%
• o> s-\
iS> lek.
« et« ^ Ml
o Q
• O •d-Ch »^
il ^^ HM
«^ m
a in
• fV f>a iM
a in
• «n
a a
• en —< r-«
O tf>
• <NJ t\l N
O o
• fO •~4 «-*
o «n
• r-
o o
• a« J-(\i
a o
• >*•
o o
* >* CD tNJ
O o
• tti r-4
o o
• m ->« f4
o in
• h-«*• CO r-*
11 • i ^
>-• *« oi
ao CO »-« fCl f~ CO
• m Tf\ » t^
* *
* * « *
tt « >- B H X t- I
J 1 1 1 1 t ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t 1 I i i 1 1
t o
•»« i— c J/5
CC t -o < u.
1 -X LL. H-
zr o o
1 1 1 i 1 1 1 i t 1 1 1 I 1 i 1 1 1 1 i > i 1 1
CO » .* ^ fVI fV •r »n jv vn
<dt mmA a d
c-•^ in i.-\ in
a o * •
41 .n
• • * •
-> 4- sTv lA 1.1 h- CD t J n >i> J lA
-C Wi ^
"^ -^ fo i."' J^ iA
lA * in
• » • in OS '•» <*• A in
.-< <n o
<* cr X J-
(<• ^ •& -* i n •d' i n _-»
^ r l P^ fV st in un in
<d- CO >-t >a- >»• i n
fO <0 -< O i n j \ i n u'N
X) as JD J J- J- * in
* • * » *o in r«- «* sA -d- j% in
-^ cy« o in m sj-
• » » » ^ o m o in in tn in
nj nj
tn o to »D in in a• >*• * in m •*
•J3 «0 O m in m
m a< ^ •-« m m •* in
o it\
m m m in
«l- M r~- »-« If 4 ..o in x>
nj CC r^ si-lA •* in m
o^ ® »> N* >» m
0* »» «B ># m lA in in
t -u \
o m
CO • *
in in to o •H o •* u-i in m
na •* <M «v lA in m in
O *^ >4' m in a^
>!• ni t - O tn vn ^ in
<o m
•O m
(^ •*
r- -<• m m «n tn
r- nj m »n lA «n •* m
(M «^ Pi «-<• •»!• in in in
•C v ^ 00 m in m
<> r~ <o in <^ <»• iTi i n
•* in >o 'rf-
r>« tA
• • • m ni «f lA in -*
• • • • • 1 ^ ^ ^ • ^ fA
•* in m vA in
• • • • r>j o o JN in u- vn in
• • • f- ,-n«-* •*" $n \n
« • • • so 0* •© 03 <4- m in lA
• o lA
• * in
• x> m
» Q O •* lA a%
(1% •* rf m -* in in tn m ^o
O O »-» rf\ lA in lA »n
m f ® i n lA <»•
CtO -C f^ <o m iTi lA
^ lA
CO -&
a in
r- er o 'T sJ" m
»-«•>a- tn JA in in j^ lA m lA
-J- J- r-4 ^ lA lA i n vf
m o » tn sn - *
in o •o (^ lA »n »A *
fSI «A in in
^ IS. r> A lA .tf-
rfi l- >0 W «** lA in in iA in
o r~ in •* r^ •i- in in m »A
O m AJ (A tn ^
<7> ^ t-4 CO V* l A i n •*•
—K !A
O lA
r* ^
»-< Q
- i
< ^ *-*i O i~«
a: o
• 9 • r-l t*- lA !A m )A
m * (M A lA u-\
u- lA
o> vJ-
<?• o IA in •s- m in in
O «s. O <»• - 1 u^ in lA
f^ r~ in f»- m in in x\ -*• m
i n '.i- «^ <d- CO lA i n m i n lA
n^ «A (M lA -^ SA
«A «n .^ IA IA m
^» #4 O f ^ <^ iA <# IA
Q o n j fvj i n i n iT" m
O ' l A
»s .
•*
O (A
a i n
r^ l A
vO (A
a o O i n
A «
^ tf-l
o o tfl IA • «
lA ca t>4
«A iA
• • O IA
IA tfk • *
BV SA
* • I A »<» CSJ A l
O l A • •
CO f-4
• » (A €A
A l A i
o o IA O • •
^ lA
O O Q l A l A O • • •
tn * i*\ f— o m AI AJ At
£2 O O in lA o • • •
*H( m IA
i>4 f<*
o o o o o o • « »
Ht««»m '>*• 00 m
i d O C% l O tA ^ • • •
AJ «A CO
O O <! 1A«A O
» » • « t n «& @t O P - M m A i m «
a a Q a Mv m i f t j f t
• • • « • * <h i*> f o O O < * < f i \ i ( M «ai » i
O O O C3 l A O l A t f t
• • • • !> 4f\ »-• rt »ft •-< F - <J-
^ ^ ^
cs a o ca sr* o ^ UN * • • •
'i- <0 r^ •& o fM ^- o fSl »-< C J
CS O Q O t n t A MTV O
• t • •
. -« l A • * t A J ^ »""* O Pi"* #«*l fSl W"
o o o o ts o o o • * • «
^ 4 - ^ fTj
«» <^ ^ fo CM
£3f C5 c:> CIS CJ C3 O l A
• • • • m f n I * - »A <1ft CD - ^ * ^ * M ,
£S JC^ A <S| aAfirvv^^i * • • • •d^ a9r«n lA
© ©» jp- ,~» £S1 M OJ »~«
o o o o o o o o • • • • •4" tn iA fn
-& to t^ CO r4
o o o o l A l A l A t A
• • • • l*^ l*V OS • ^ f«- ^ r~ f\J r-l r H
o o o o o l A JA »A l A l A
• • • • • !A • * - ^ "d" r^ . M i A O O f»-
tM tsi t^ m4
O O O O O l A ! A «A O O
• • • • • • ^ ' t ' «-t M O i«- o i « - m Q BM «M <*» M <*\
o o o o o O *A « \ O O
« • • • • i A i f <-4 r o m • i ^ O f - **> t n 1-1 f M .-» W AJ
O O O O O i n t A «A tf» t A
• • • • • M • * • < * • <*4 •"! I«- O t A •*• h~ (r<4 f y CSJ »i^ •"*
a o « o o « » l A O o a • • • « •
<n o m fo m m lA 00 ro m ra (s) f \ i
o o o o o i A O «rt O «A
• • • • • <?> i n m m * l A S Q * - SB O
N <M
o o «
<*v m <SS
o M
8
«« » ~ t
« M *
ec
o o o o l A O O O
• • • • * JA rO m O 4i»4 CO CQ r u M 4
f j O O O l A O U% ! A
• • • • o* m fn ^ t A ca ' i - t A
r-l 5M
es o ea £S O O SA tA
• • • • «n a l A t A CO A i CO • * (SI A J # ^
o o o o l A l A l A l A
• • • • tA .-* »«i m c>*4 r*» i*w •<?•
»- * f ^ f ^
o o o o !A l A t A l A
• • • * • * CO m >i->S\ l>» O SV A i I M
o o o in O O l A tA
• • • • «5 l A >i- SA i M ~ « C S J—'
«•« fSf
o « « o l A O O tf\
• • • • m * i A . * • «*• ^ t ^ O <»>« » 4 A t
o e o o U M A «A l A
• • • • <n iT m cn e o •* ^ PM r>j #«^ #-4
o o o o tf» tfV SA O
• • • • f * »-» r K l A
t«- r^ »-» ^ - 4 , ^
D O O O £A O O O
* • • • m ff ) {<s fs"> •*• 00 CO m r-^ f «
o o o o O O O »A
• • • • (Ti f f j l A t ^ O ) GO <»4 f »
1-4 »-4
o o o o !A lA O O • • • •
^ -f \t\ii\ O O f-4 M A i •» !
O O O O Q S A I A O tA Q • • » • '•
t A f<1 ff^ ^ JA f - j r~ {f4 o f-^
A l M f « r-»
o o a o o l A «A 0 . 0 O • • • « •
«-i fA m <D m r « - 1 - - m A i t A r-« A l A i A l
O O O O O O i A O t A t A
• • • • • m «*• t A .*• l A rn o »•« o 00 A l A ) >-l Ad ( V
O l A
» es t»-A l Ct-
H < M «
1 - *
• M «
a:
o o J f l l A
• • ->* »-l l A ^ -A J <>4
Q O O O O l A
• • • -* (^ ^ J " m tA
Psj rv
« o o l A i A »A
• • • •^^ «-4 » ^ O (s- t«-A i p»l . - *
o o o o o o • • • t A ^ t tA
^ r*^
f*
c- o o O i A »A
• • • !A IS. l A t«4 0 * jr-f >«« CV
ry m, a l A t A O
• a • ^ tA m t A CB OD A i AJ
O CJ O I A O l A
• • • £> <*• A ! (A <il' Ch
AJ
Q O O O O SA
• • • m »A ^ m o t o
»-« A i
o e o tA O t A
• • • ^ 4 A ( A I A • - * 00 Oi rm t^
O O O O I A O
• • • CO ^ t A f V F * r- l
1-4 »««
o o o I A t A O
• • • «-< ff-t ^
f~ r*. ^ r- l (-4
O O O tA I A O
• • • v* -^ ^ f ^ l A >J-*-4 AJ
O O O Q »A I A
• • • fA t - l 8 0 CO f - O*
i-t A l
O O O JA I A l A
» • • CA CD f A «* vr "f** r ^
o o o t A I A O
• • • <*• .«« t A tA !»«• »^ A ! I - * • •<
o i*>
« o^ AJ l« -<C
H
.-. t - <
* — » oe:
o o o C3 O u^
* • • tA » fA 1-4 f a , * « M { M A
o o o t A t A 4A
• • • 00 U% fA
m xi*-AJ ^
O O Q O l A tA
• • • I A r.* O - 4 f~ O r-« , -4 r V
Q Q O O tA M% Q O
» • • « »-< • * t A fCi b - ^ . ^ O) »^ A l r^
a O Q o SA O tA O
• • • • -d" fpi r-» rr>
o o r- ca A i r-l
o n «=» » tA l A l A O
• • • • eft A i tA tA i^ Cf*' t^ ^~i
•-4 AJ «-i
*"i cs o o I A I A tA t A
• « • • AJ / A l A ^ O ( ^ CO O As AJ P4 A l
O Q O O tA l A O O
• • • • >*• {A CO f . l O ^ <%J CO A i t - (
O Q O O i A O tA O
• • • • o m ^ t(\ tA A l tA «A
A i A t
O O O O O I A tA l A
• • • • < * !M St- tA «*• O^ I A CO
A i r j AJ
O O O O »A O I A O
• • • • ' O «A •*• tA <?• CD I A •-<l A4 t s i <H
o o c» o O O tA O • • • •
m fn «j- *A fA 0 0 t A CNJ A l
Q O O O «A $A O O
« • • • 0 * «*• t A ^ tft t A »«l ^
A i rH
Qp O Q O O O l A I A
,• • • • CO t A I A f A AJ t i ^ «H I ^
•«4 A i
O O Q O Q O I A t A
• • • • m r<\ m tn CO CO s f <#
«*4 9r<*
o I A
• sO 0 0
<o oo
H • - »
»*-• *««• C£
O O
« «n CO
o i A
• m f*-f>^
o i A
• ^ >A A !
O I A
• ^ O tsi
o o •
m CO
o t A
• ^ 4A ( N
o !A
• m •" j j *
>-4
o o « l A
«»4
»~»
o tA
• A * O^ A l
o o • iX>
t^i
Q Q
• " <*% t~ r - «
u 4 M M
f H
•• car
o tA
ft
r - »
Q I A
• o> I A
o o •
m CO
o t A
• ^ l A A l
O SA
• I A r-*
a t A
• <* o AJ
o o *
1 *
<*
o I A
« m f -Al
Q O
• <* 03
O t A
• * tf^ A i
o o •
m 00
o t A
• <£) t A
m r-4
H
~ -»
* w r
££
C3
o •
CO ' V
Cl l A
• (A
s-"^
a t A
• / A
^. A l
O
o •
* .*•
o I A
• < I A
O
o •
l A •-4
»-<
o I A
• «A 00 I V
O
o • (A
00
O O
• I A • - I o4
O
o •
m A l
o I A
• m t » A l
O • A
• <* I A A *
O
o •
(f\
o t-«-*
« »» <—t
^ M *
a:
f *
o-f - • * A i s ^
• IS> A4 O A l
O • • AJ
O ft**
* c-a
a iO t - M 11 X t— 3C
eh *
^ * o » >. • •& *
*
» *
• • «
O *
o «
t / i </i
1/5 (/) U5
1/) to CO
(/)
t/5 «/) to </> t /1
UO l /> lO
o I
I a; o I—•
3
Qt
* * * *
« * * *
*
(*i fO m .-<»
p<i
" a i * } - *
a * £ « O • O *
« *
—. • fM »
X * *
(M # > •
« ^ « o * - ' *
* o « (n *
s: * CO *
« z * o * l - l » (-> « 8 *
« O « o * o *
«
» ae • o * o * t •
f - * u • o »
« *
• *
* *
o * <« * a *
o o o o o
em o o o o o
o o o o o
o o o Ci O
o o o o o o
o o o o o
*
*
* * * « *
* *
* «
*
* * « * * * *
* * *
*
*
-4 ^ •¥ ^mtf tm* ^ »
»n >v .-4 • o «-
y
of « a> IT. •JO • » o
• ^ ^ " - ^
CV ! -w CC Q. Or £*: i / t 2^ « ;/) ~
to a . d Q :
— X ( M CO — * a. u. 0: t o
II
* N CO ^
DC
a; uu
o
C5 < uu
* u
• •• o - ~ . II
ex: •• c? — to ^ « <^ — »—« •w* « ^ & • CC l U X t/^ t o — * o
CO **^
» » ^ — —• t u Qu ^ -
o a t o
)/» CO to to CO CO
to to (>1
to CO to CO CO
1/1 cO vo
c a a. o. a c o. a c a a. a. a. a. CL a. a.
* * * * * * * * *
* «
« «
* * * * * *
• <o ,-4 -^
«>« - V o «> — O O — • - « • « - < • < •
«M MM , ^ w , ^ «S. • v 4 . M « . U> o • - • »-t i - i Z • rf^ »v 1— (I »-i - » o "v
£ ~» t-i • O • «-t »»i •
vTi ^ + . - I • O —• +
o • c — —•«-*—'«% I— ~» (-• ,»«
O Of «f\ -s. • -Z CO • O •-<
•• • O • >Si
•>-' • * •»! Ifv ~ -
• *
O
o ^ »-« • o
O O Z o » <r a CC *
— CC Q. O CC CO X » CO — • m UJ ^ CO Q. II OC
— X r-4 cO
— * D ; CO
H «•«
-*• Ui r~ CO
CC O X -M CO .
^ < 3: a:
i- a eC — a i -CO t£ * O *-• to us •
SI -cc — X & t^ at * £
t U CO CO *
a !_) - ~ CO « -
•• Q. f~ - t (M O i > - H
— — OC ••
O Z UJ
a. a.
f«^
OS O - 5
£
a£ O O o: a. O l
u o to
or o K U . CO
a ^ 0 0 • - * » - ' • • 03 - * O
1-1 O . - • « - — . o Z Z •-* + .-« (M 4-O •> Li. - ~ <«• f - t • ! - • ( ^ ~ . fO) v ^ »>. ;A CO II I— * - . O • - • •«— y ••« < t h-* • •—« ^ UJ O £ •-• 1-4 >v • -£ fvj a : •N. + o •-• >— o o o -^ • Q: O o u . • 1 ^ ,-4 a:
u i 4<2 to
UL • • X
X a
+ X X
tu
•t U. 1-4 fw
£ a:
a a LL U.
N . * •
O o fsl
o o 0 0 0 f s i '*^ >!•
£ £ fX cC o o y. u.
o o o o
o
£
o o a
rsi
«/) UJ
o •-u. at
CO >
Z Ui O £ Ui a :
a:
UJ a: o
z o £ £ O
O
•—1
a £ O
o u. o o z UJ
a j j
APEEFTJTX 6
N N N M N N N N
M < .78 37 4.543 57 4.712 66 4.454 11 4.666 63 4.800 10 4.363 44 4.166 12 0.7876 SDr.6268 0.9564 0.5970 0.8907 0.8728 0.3999 0.8552 0.6975 evil.0133 21.0486 12.6714 19.9958 18.7043 8.3333 19.5968 21.5406 '
H 3.864 37 2.526 57 3.242 66 3.636 11 3.317 63 2.10D 10 3.159 44 :!.583 12 1.4359 SD1.37e6 1.3778 1.4777 1.2264 1.5616 1.0440 1.4762 1.2555 CV35.6711 54.5393 45.5745 33.7266 47.0751 49.7157 46.7293 48.60lft
M 3.189 37 2.964 57 3.000 66 .909 11 3.873 63 3.300 10 3.545 44 3.416 12 1.3259 SD1.3322 1.2134 1.5275 i.3787 1.2407 1.4177 1.3220 0.8620 CV41.7754 40.9267 50.917; 35.2691 32.0354 42.9619 37.2898 25.2294
M 3.378 37 3.438 57 3.560 66 4.090 II 2.904 63 3.100 10 3.318 44 3.166 12 1.3704 501.3426 1.3114 1.3385 0.7925 1.5193 1.3747 1.4424 1.2133 CV39.7431 36.1392 37.5940 19.3728 52.3051 44.3475 43.4702 ^8.3163
H 2.567 37 2.456 57 3.106 66 2.454 II "2.777 63 2.200 10 2.295 44 2.583 12 1.3B89 SD1.4619 1.4026 1.4681 1.4373 1.3146 1.3266 1.3069 1.3202 CV56.9394 57.1071 47.2667 58.5606 47.3286 60.3022 56.9371 51.1063
M 2.135 37 1.701. 57 3.787 66 2.636 11 3.238 63 4.100 10 3.522 44 3.916 12 1.3317 SD1.4916 1.0916 1.3201 1.3666 1.4333 1,0440 1.4692 0.9537 CV69.8614 64.1498 34.8528 51.8389 44.2644 25.4641 41.7065 24.3521
M 3.486 37 4.157 57 3.166 66 3.545 11 3.222 63 3.800 10 3.522 44 3.916 12 1.2924 SOI.2219 0.95X2 1.3771 1.3726 1.4303 1.1661 1.4692 0.9537 CV35.0469 22.8783 43.4880 38.7170 44.3896 30.6892 41.7065 24.3521
M 3.729 37 3.964 57 2.833 66 2.454 11 2.920 63 2.800 10 3.363 44 2.916 12 1.2889 SOI.2444 0.9726 1.3880 0.9875 1.4175 1.6613 1.2264 1.5523 CV33.3648 24.5325 48 9910 40.2325 48.5372 59.3330 36.4614 53.2226
M 4.189 37 3.508 57 4.303 66 4.272 11 4.142 63 3.100 10 3.681 44 4.333 12 1.2998 $01.1817 1.5460 0.9995 1.2128 1.2325 1.7000 1.4424 1.3123 CV28.2105 44.0624 23.2287 28.3865 29.7521 54.8387 39.1768 30.2846
M 3.378 37 2.491 57 2.530 66 2.454 II 2.761 63 2.400 10 2.318 44 1.916 12 1.1141 SOI.1472 1.1258 1.0901 1.0756 1.0795' 0.9165 1.1633 1.2555 CV33.9599 45»1912 43.0646 43.8228 39.0889 38.1881 50.1822 65.5066
M 3.837 37 4.508 57 3.363 66 3.545 11 3.174 63 3.100 10 3.613 4^ 3.000 12 1.1513 SD0.8546 0.8191 1.3100 1.0756 1.2413 1.0440 1.3179 1.35*0 CV22«2&95 18.1674 38.9476 30.3388 39.1024 33.6784 36.4725 45.1335
M 3,51S 37 4.33B 57 3.424 66 3.636 11 3.476 63 3.200 10 2.909 44 ?.16# 12 1.1678 SOI.atl^ 0.6839 1.2316 1.0679 1.2325 1.1661 1.4112 1.211S eV3*^?ni 15.?842 35.9688 29.3683 35.4580 36.4434 48.5130 56.0008
t $7 In^^ 57 ^a%Z €6 2.009 U 2.§e7 63 $.390 10 2.318 44 l«9l|| 12 1.3513
h^m >ir#fi i*|.lii i*#t*i i.?9ie t*mm i-tr"'
N t»*T5 i? 2.^31 57 2.^69 66 3,454 11 3.365 63 3.500 10 2.863 44 2.?5© |2 1.2689 S0l*2745 i.2230 1.2818 1.2331 1.2636 1.2041 1.2539 l.$$4| CV47.6356 46.4756 51.9012 35.6964 37.5526 34.4045 43.7876 55.7937
M'2,675 37 2.052 57 3.136 66 2.272 11 2.920 63 2.900 10 3.113 44 3.666 12 1.1993 SD1.1637 0.9256 1.2539 0.8624 1.3249 1.3000 1.2287 l,4f07 CV43.4930 45,0971 39.9800 37.9473 45.3666 44.8275 39.4633 40.6557
M 3.081 37 3.228 57 2.363 66 2.000 11 2.825 63 3.000 10 3-795 44 3.166 12 1.3012 SDi.3023 1.3509 1.3215 0.9534 1.3037 1.5491 1.2717 1.0671 CV42.2694 41.8513 55.9127 47.6731 46.1427 51.6397 33.5061 33.7006
M 2.432 37 2.456 57 3.318 66 2.818 11 2.873 63 2.900 10 2.045 44 1.833 12 1.3473 Sni.3057 1.4026 1.3045 i.465B i.3742 1.3747 1.3973 0.8975 CV53-6794.57.1071 39.3145 52.0145 47.8339 47.4059 68.3130 48.9560
M 2,378 37 3.017 57 2.712 66 2.363 11 2.190 63 2.400 10 2.318 44 2.750 12 1.1130 SDi.0743 1.0511 1.1383 1.0679 1.1248 0.9165 1.2390 1.C103 CV45.1695 34.8352 41.9738 45.1820 51.3522 38.1881 53.4471 36.7404
M 2.486 37 2.473 57 2.848 66 2.272 11 3.095 63 3.000 10 2.159 44 3.083 12 1.0929 SD1.1536 1.1713 1.0334 1.0523 1.0942 0.8944 1.0647 1.1149 CV46.3966 47.3533 36.2795 46.3033 35.3511 29.8142 49.3166 36.1596
M 3./-16 37 4.157 57 3.318 66 3.272 11 3.174 63 3.300 10 3.318 44 3.833 12 1.090<t SOI.1421 0.9874 1.1954 1.3545 1.0621 1.3453 0.9717 0.7993 CV35.5135 23.7489 36.0267 41.3879 33.4589 40.7685 29.2843 20.8514
M 2.324 37 l.:61 57 2.242 66 3.090 11 2.031 63 2.100 10 3.454 44 3.250 12 1.1032 SD1.1867 0.8789 1.1685 1.0833 1.0978 1.1357 1.0965 1.4215 CV51.D569 56.2920 52.1103 35.0481 54.0363 54.0848 31.7429 43.7403
M 2.135 37 1.947 57 2.651 66 3.545 11 2.317 63 '.500 10 2.545 44 2.166 12 1.1994 SD1.1891 0.9256 1.3199 1.0756 1.2826 1.1180 1.3220 0.8975 CV55.6962 47.5347 49.7799 30.3388 55.3482 44.7213 51.9394 41.4243
M 2.918 37 2.807 57 2.181 66 2.000 11 2.539 63 3.100 10 2.545 44 2.166 12 1.3020 SDl.4214 1.2486 1.3696 1.2792 1.2576 1.3000 1.3220 0.8975 CV48.6970 44.4648 62.7771 63.9602 49.5211 41.9354 51.9394 41.4243
M 2.270 37 2.982 57 2.712 66 2.636 II 2.238 63 2.500 10 2,454 *th 3.083 12 1.1344 SOI.2001 1.0343 1.2030 1.2984 1.0033 0.9219 1.2694 1.1149 CV52.8657 34.6809 44.3597 49.2512 44.8325 36.8781 51.7194 36.1596
M 1.864 37 2.561 57 1.742 66 1.818 11 2.507 63 2.500 10 2.500 44 3.SSI 12 1.1026 SD1.0695 0.8380 0.9894 0.8331 1.3198 1.1180 1.2880 1.1149 CV57.3517 32.7193 56.7886 45.8257 52.6268 44.7213 51.5222 36.1596
I
0 ' - * » - < » - « 0 » - 4 ^ 0 i ~ > 0 0 0 > ~ » ' ~ ' 0 0 « - < 0 0 0 0 0 < - » 0 0
0 O » - l » - « > ~ « « - » r - * 0 » - « 0 0 O » - 4 ^ » - 4 i - « 0 0 O O 0 » M « - * 0 0
^ J O " i • ^ - l n - ^ 0 4 ^ ^ o » - < a 9 < ^ J C O ( - * u ^ « A
» H l « - « t - » 0 0 0 r ^ 0 « - > i > - « 0 » - < 0 < - > 0 0
0 0 « - < » - J O « - < ^ 0 > - t O » - * 0 ^ « i - « f - < 0 » - « i - I O O O ' - ' * « - « ' ^ « - «
{ ^ r - • * f ^ ^ ~ ^ ~ c o ^ o a ^ r ^ > i - ^ • o > t • f n f < ^ ^ A ^ r ^ | • O ^ J o o o c o ( ^ i
o o ^ •-« o O " H « - « O » - i O - ^ » - « < ^ O O O " - « 0 0 r - » — * < - « • - •
fn r-«
o t>-1-4 <*>
o r-
(A ^
O h-
O f~
o f~-
CO m
rt\ ^ fr\ 3 ^ 0
• - 4 <-< ' ^
>-4 •-« <0
>!• f- esj >i- If* -»»
.-< !-• »0
rw f- t^ f* t<^ r^
•-4 r-4 O »-4 »-* O
O 'T f*-^ • * «ri
»-» - * «o >-« f - l <0
f - N .-*
ro .w *-< <^ «-« O r-4 »-< -O
« o ^ • *
<«"4 »»< v O »-< r-* ^0
f - fO O J-< •© »-•
f«( .«< <0 »-• o^ »0
fM h- CO c<^ r, <n
f^j f v 1 ^ —» —< r"^
o f>- r-i-( j i i n
<o o .jf >0 »-4 "^
o h- h-»^ lA in
«^ r^ fO • * »-• sO
O h - f -»-* 4Mr\
fO "J- OJ <o •>*' 1 ^
o f^ )>~ iM in sn
»-»r- >o »-«f«i »o
o t^ t^
^- <o o m «o.-«
o r» f^ »-« m m
• o ft> I*-•o <© m
<NJ ! > - h -.•4 m tn
»-< »0 >4-•-t sO «^
«M r- h-»-« fo i n
f*- h- »-<
tn fTt rM
(\3 f * N-
»-( t*> tn
f<v »-i >o •^ r-t <3 psi r* f •-* fn in >*• O rf> ^J- - ^ >0
«M ?^ C--4 fO *n
»n 'S' *-•
rg r - r-»-4 m »n
f - « f-« O M OJ tTi ^ **< 1 ^ * ^ * ^
o r^ r>-r-i in tn
m o 00 en INS cs*
(Ni J*- h-.-» m sn
o» •-* in ry »-i i - i
— n i <-• r H <0 r-*
r* o o m -^ -s r- N- «*. m fi^ 'O
f o o t n «-4 >>(
f(^ r*- '<^ <o tn ^
f - o o (n v-< r«4
«0 * JM «o • * •-•
f - O O yn -M f*
O <0 f -r-i -O fO
h- O O »n ,»4 »Hi
•* .-< n ->sh »-s ^ .
f>- O O vn •-• .«i
(Vj fSl vO - t ^ < »
1 ^ 0 0 in »-i«-«
>£) m <£ »-« £r, (M
•O N- O CM W "©in .-*»-«»-)
*vi • * ^ r~ <n r-« -^ O m 'O
>*• <NJ frt -O O ^ r^ ^ "O *^
CM sj- vO !»• rn f-« >*• ^ tn «o
(*v h» wi o -O •<> fn .-« »-4 <o
<si sj- t4a t>» m »-4 vj- -o in «o
o o h- »*• r-ft t-t ii\ O tfS
<M ^ si} t^ (Tl
•-4 »^ vo in •o f*» ro r~ »-* i*~ f»i ^ m »-4 in
r^ If 'O t- rrt '•* >* o in 'O
t>4 ^ <^ '4 ' r-« * - • >0 • « * • • * • - •
r j <# ^ r- «* >-< 4* •£> m •o
r>- ^ r«i fn -r i n x-t r-4 ^ ^
<si • * -o r- fn — ># o m «o
O- O •!• r-J O •-* l*> fO »-• O
< J tNJ vO — « " - < ^
h- 4 - -4 if\ •4- f*
"O •<-! «*• *0 r-« <*
f*- 4- .-< i n i t tH
^ K O •* m »-» f- * ^ i n sj- »^
o •« r. »-«^ «o
f**' »^ «-4 «n ^ r-«
f-< O CJ »-< 1-4 • - •
f ^ < * » - • i n s f 1X4
h- ff» h-ffi ^ij m
^ - •* ~4 in sh »-•
fA f - P* •o i n in
r* »*• r-! i n • * j ^
(POO O "* r^
f~- f~ f-0"> i n i n
O CM f\J
f » O m
sn ^ o O (M CvJ
•4" •-* O > ^ >- • >-« o n i fNj
en o 'T
o ni nj
•o 4- f -•o 4 rn
c ni rg
fw r~ »-• «--«rn rH
o r>j n j
1-4 m o r-< <a •o
t.3 (Ni N r-i 1-4 "'-«
o ffi o rt«-«#-i
o »-i »-» . -<. -*»-» ^ 4 * H » « < f ^ » « » 4 « - 4 F - « * M # v « * f ^ « ~ » < ^ l - 4 j - ^ r>j f-4 > ^ Gr
CM
t^ C4
oMOl
N '
o >* «o 4- f~ •-» -J- o 4- r«\ n i f - f f i f - »-«
*^ fo f«- <-i m •H >o m •-« ^
f ii f - ro t*" .-« »-« m vO «*i »^
^ (sir-* 'O -O 4* f-4 r^ 'wO O
n j ^ - m f - r-« I •-(<>} - c m I-*
I h- >0 O <*i O I f > <© tHI >0 r-*
<M -o o >o <<0 •-' O
»-« 4- w •-4 St" O
i n
»»-
N. in
o rsj n j <sj <M >o r-(^ . ^ <~4 ( - 4 1 ^ o i n
Q 'O • * rH «C -4
h- o O rO «-< f-4
o CM c«j<M ca o r-• ^ .M ,>4 t-4 t - i >o i n
o o f~ f - 1 ^ o CO M "^ •>« in
h- O tsi t\i C>i t n ( ^ r H I - * •«>
I - * f ^ . M »i4 m «-4
o f«^ 4-0 ^ 4
fV , 0 ^-• ^ <c i n
fmi tm^ r^
M m n< (Nj o i«" >4 1-1 so m
tn
t-4 rsj
O
<-4 n j •4 (>«
4-
cO O 4 O 4" O M >r 04 •4"
<si»«. «v r~ ^ H i < n i o m * ^
<0 w4fM <Mn4 >0 (M ^ 4-4 f»4
niiw <nf-«-! ««* O «© {<4 »4
a c»t-(«n « n i Mi-««4«<«i • • • • •
#** (P*^ i^*(l )?•• i C *
4 »-< r-4- •-• m
m f«- r-t
4 r^ «>4 1-4 1O m i n
»r» 4 - * n <<3 4" 1©
f - r- o m sn >o
iA«>«»^#i«p<taH > o i n
H i X
O •=*•*-« O ^- ( - 05 >o <o •<> >o 0^ o c?'
• • • • • * » O Q O O O ^ O
fsi (Nj d- rM vo w ao ^ f - l <£> i>^ O^ »0 i f i • • • « • # •
o «-* o .-« o o o
f»- s-i •# ars Of* ^ <o o tf\ <> • • • • <
o o ^ o o
Os a> ^ f f ) ^ j ^ (M
• ^ •yO «-< t - - «<% O "iJ
• • • • • • • i i ^ O • ^ O r-4 •-<< O
O >0 >C m lA fsj O 'O O O
• • * • • »-<»>-( O r^ F-«
»H «/> O* >0 r-* O O O*
• • • • •-« <-« e-4 O
O <A ( \ i (^J >-« ^ .««
f - r j r - . - • O h - O
• • • • • * • O »-* O f ^ »-« O i-J
^ ^V f>» fSl «Nj
ce ^ o vo <«> • • • • •
o o »-« o <-•
-d* 0^ C^ fV
h- ^ (n (A • • • •
O O >-i O
f ^ •^^ •>0 r^ O 0 *
• • • ^ ^ o
05 m o CO f<^ 0 0 »n O fV' f-« ^0 Q O >A
• • • • • • • O I-* •^^ O r-« O O
l A fsj i-4 I f t iTi
h- O O O o • • • • •
O r.4 O O ."<
h - - ^ CM •>*'
»0 O • - * l A
• • • • O -(-4 «-« O
K r'S r-t
w^ ro O • • • . ^ »-f • - !
sf- ffi fn fO •* NO vO >0
<C •"if" ^ - > ^
<o >r «n 4" rD ra «o o «o»-«>o »-*
, 0 • * P- rS-
>o •? <*i •4'
•~« >o o f * r-* >0 " ^ frt
«0 •J" f»- • * <o <r- tn -^ h- O -# •-*
.a * r- •4-sO •4' PI -"^
^ - *^ cw r«. Sn r-l »-« ITi
(fi •*• f * "tf-•O " i * f* «^
f<» CO «0 O* m CM »-• r-4 • • • •
^ " ^ f *^ fl"^ #"*^
b- O O
!-•>*• m
»o *n s->o o •# w »^ fO t - i «^ • «
O tM f ^»-« m rM ^ f< «-4 ^ <0
t o l»- •-< vO r<i «-<
•-i - i * M «-«^f ^
h" 1 ^ 'C sA t n 'O
»-* ^ m i~» - i " »fi
o <^ o ••*T[ i**** ip^fl
• • « •M 0 4 « ^ O
X
<o f<^ •-*
••jh t« \ f o
>r sO o
r-i o r* •Hi K^ rf*
* «n f<t ^ ^ .e r- 4- r-« fPl -^ rH
•& m tf* -a" -o o
tn »-4 lA
>* m m ^ ^ ^
fn -o o> rt t-» i»»
• • •
r~ O m -I
o f^
•o •-»
m •-«
h- O
o o • •
» ^ «-4 O
X
<*-< O P- O t H «*^ f*^ J-«l
m h- o ^ >>0 r^ .-» «0 f^ •*• .rH m <n ^ »-« -fi
en f- o >i3 * ff» • " * «0
ITS r»l i n lA
en r>- e ^ <.£ ( f t fi«« <fi
<r> o o» o (<S r^ r-4 rH • • '• •
•~l 1-4 i - i •of O
X
I«- ^ <*>! m «4- >D •- I O O f a ^ pwf (•***
»«- r a f -t f i .-4 i n
» o o
{<1 - O O f O «-« r^ • • •
• • " T * • • * •!''"»
APPENDIX
FACTORS
I
2
' . ^
\ X
^
5
GROUPS CGMPAR6C BY DUNCAN SATISFIED
GROUPS COMPARED
UL 'CT(C) -T£ / IC (e ) 0 0 C T ( C ) - 1 £ / I C { S ) D O C K O - A O V T C O ) 0GCT(C>-POLC(0) D C C T t O - O O C K b ) D C C T ( C ) - A D V T ( ^ ) LiOCT(C)-POLC(S»
PCLCfS)-OGCT(C> PCLC(S) -PGLC(D) PCLC(SJ-TE/»C(0> PCLC(S ) -TE / iC (S ) P01CIS )~ADVT(S) PCLC(S) -DOCT( i , ) PCLC(S)-AOVT<C) A C V K O - D C C K C ) ACVT{C»-PQLC(C) ADVT{D)-TEAC<D) ACVTCO-TEACCSI ADVT(D)-AOVT(S» ACVT(C)~DCCT(SI
A D V T ( 0 ) - P C L C ( D ) A C V K C J - A C V K S ) ACVT<C)-PCLC(SI ACVT{C)-DOCT(C» ^ i ' D V K O - T E A C C D l AC* (T { C ) -TEAC(S ) ACVl-s^C)-OCCT(S)
ACVT(C) ' ,DOCT(S> / iCVT(C)- [ : r .ncT(C) ACVT(C>-TE\f lC{C) A0VT(CJ-TEA,C(S) A O V T ( C H P C L ( r j S ) AOVT(C)-POLC«<,D) A0VT(0 )~ACVT(3 ; )
A D V T ( S ) - O a C T { 0 » ^ A 0 V T ( S ) - T 6 A C { S ) \ A O V T ( S ) - A C V T ( 0 ) AOVT{S) -POLC(C) ACVT(S)- 'PQLC(S> A C V T t S H T E A C l O ) ACVTtS)-OQC"r(S>
RANGE TEST AND D ISSATISF IED PROFESSIONAL GROUPS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEANS
€ . 6 3 4 0 . 4 3 7 0 . 3 4 6 0 . 2 5 7 0 . 1 3 4 C-088 0 . 0 1 7
1 .764 1 .338 1.2G1 O . e C i 0 . 6 2 2 . 0 . 5 4 7
• 0 . 2 2 8 1 .536 l . U O 1 .053 C .477 C . 3 9 4 C .314
0 . 9 4 5 0 . 9 0 9
. 0 . 7 2 0 C.6C9 0 . 4 9 3 0 . 3 6 4 0 . 0 3 6
1 .166 0 . 9 9 0 0 . 9 2 4 0 . 7 7 2 0 . 7 1 2 € . 6 5 2 0 . 5 3 0
€ . 9 0 6 0 . 8 1 1 0 . 6 5 2 0 . 6 5 0
^ 0 . 5 3 9 C . 5 2 3
^ 0 . 3 2 3
VALIE OF RP
C .97 0 . 9 7 0 . 9 7 0 . 7 5 0 . 7 3 0 . 7 1 0 . 7 1
1 . 4 9 0 . 8 7 1 .35 C.89 0 . 8 0 0 , 7 9 1 .26
i.eo 1.34 1 .67 1 .32 1 .25 1 .20
1 .27 1 .24 1 .29 1 .62 1 . 5 1 1 .19 l . l l
1 . 3 1 1 .73 1 . 6 3 1 .29 1 . 2 9 1 . 2 1 1 .14
1 . 3 7 0 . 7 7 1 . 2 8 0 . 7 0 0 . 7 8 1 . 1 6 0 . 6 2
REMARKS AT THE VALUE CFl LEV. OF S I G .
I N S I G N I F I ANT I N S I G N I F I ANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT
SIGNIFICANTLY D I F F . SICNIFICANTLY D I F F . INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT
INSIGMf=ICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT
INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIFICJINT I N S l O N I F I C l N t I N S I S N I F I £ 4 N T INSIGNIFICAWT
INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT I N S l G N i F I C A W l INSIGNIF ICANT
OOCTICHPOlO^dl 0OCT(i>-.pSlC«S> OQCTtO>*AOVT(0»
WCtm i - t 8«C«S)
'IP
\ 1 . 2 9 9 ^ . 9 « 5 | . 4 € 4 0«i€2 0*!lt8 f^iia ©tl<4 %^^^
^^sL
1 .33 1 .37 1 .66 1 .27 1 . 2 8 1 . 2 1 1 . 4 6 1«4«S
SlGNlFlCAWltt SIGNlP!CiW<%V INSIGNIFlCiftf INSlGNfFlCAHT INSIGNir iC" '
INSISNlPtC umwm
CIFF. G l f f .
f'
imk ACVTt AOVTi AOVf ( AOVTt T6AC( TeCR( TECf5( TgCRt UOCT{ DOCT( OOCT( ACVT( ADVT(
flHADVKS) 5HPQLCIC) SHPOLC(S) S)-I*DVT(C) S>-DOCT(S) S)-TEAC1S) S)-POLG(O) S)-POLC(S> S>-ADVT{C) S»-OOCT(S> S)-PCt.C(0) S)-PGLC(S) S)-ADV7(0) C)-PQLC(C) D)-PCLC(S) 0 . 5 € 1
Q«6@ 0.7« 1.19 0 .62 C.66 0 ,75 0 .81 1.20 0 .67 0 .67 0 .74 1 .11 1.17 1.17
msim imun SIGNiP S!G«IF INSIGN
INSIGN SICNIF SIGNIF INSIGN INSIGN SIGNIF SIGNIF INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN
mm umw
IFtCIMI
ic/tt^tiiv
IPICANI IPlCANt ICANliY iCANltV IFICANT IFICUNT IFICAMT
CIFP. DIPF.
CIFF. DIFF,
CIFF. CIFF.
POtC(C)' POCJO-POC(C)-POLCtC)' POLC{C>' PCLC(C)-POLC(C)" TECFi(C)-TECfi<C)-TECR(C)' TECR(C)' TeCR(C)' TECR(C>-
'ADVT(S) DGCTCS) PGLC(.S> •TEAC(S) •*CVT(C) •DCCT«D> •TEAC<C) •ACVT(S) •DOCKS ) •PCLC(S) •TEAC(S) •ACVTCO) •DGCT(D)
9^1 935 671 635 612 357 241 750
0.6*34 C.430 d.3S4 C.371 0.116
0.68 0.68 0.77 0.72 1.17 1.18 1.05 1.17 1.16 1.20 1.15 2.44 1.42
SIGNIF SIGNIF INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN INSIGN
ICANIIY ICi^NtlY IFIC4INT IFICANT IFICANT IFKANT IFICANT IFICANT IFICANT IFICANT IFICANT IFICANT IFICANT
OIFF DIFF
PCLC(C)-PCLCIC)' POLCCO-PGLC(C)' POLCtC)-POLCrO-PGLCtCl-PCLCCS)' PCLC(S)-POLC(S)-POtC(S)" PCLC(S)-PCLCtSh
ACVT(O) •OCCT(D) ADVTIS) TEACtCI DOCT(S) TEACtS) 'PCLC(S) •ACVT(C» •OOCKCI ADVT(S) TEAC(D) OGCKS) TEAC(S>
1 . 5 1 0 1 . 1 6 4 1 . 1 3 1 1 . 0 4 a 1.044 0 . 6 0 1 0..135 1.275 0 .929 0.896 0 .813 0 .809 0 .366
1.23 1.26 0.66 1.14 0.64 0.69 0.69 1.27 1.30 0.73 1.17 0.71 C.73
SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANr INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT
DIFF,
TECPIO-TECRICJ-TECR(C)-TECRICI-TECR(C)-TECR(C)-TECR(C)-
DQCT(C» PCLCIDi TEAC(S) DOCTIS) PCLC(S) ACVTIC) ACVT(S)
1.233 0 .825 0 .6S2 0 .191 0 .144 0 .061 0 .030
1.61 1.18 1.20 1.14 1.18 1.44 1.04
INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT
10 POLC(S)-PCLC(S)-PCLCCSh PCLC(S)-POLCIS)-PCtC(S»-POiC(S)-OOCT(S)-OOCT(S»-OOCT(S)-DQCT(S)«
TECRIC) TECRIS) CGCT(O) ADVT(C) POLCtD) ADVTCS) CCCTIS) TEACIO) TSCRtSI DQCTID) ACVTIOI
1.462 1.060 0.978 0.924 0.887 0.848 0.617 0.845 0.443 0.361 0.3G7
1 . 0 7 0 . 7 1 1 . 1 3 1 . 0 7 0 . 6 4 0 . 6 1 0 . 5 1 1 . 0 1 C.62 1.Q6 1 . 0 0
SIGNIFICANTLY OIFF, INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFIC'AWT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT iNSIGNIFlGANI INSIGN IFlCA»lrt INSIGNIFlCAllr INSIGNIFICAI^ INSIGNIFlCJi$ .
S3ieti«*i»ii.€fti 0 6 € 1 I S I - ' J a V t l S >
WIM « iaM Mt 4i> iMNM « • i M * < - « « l al i lM W <«*>WI<^<« Ml • • ( « < « • awai « • • » < •
11 P « l C ( f l l * T i C R t C ) POlC lUt -OOCI f f i ) PGLCICi-OCCTlSJ POlCICI-i lCVTCS*
potc(c»-Aovteo» POl,CCe)-TECRfS> PQLC(0)-POIC(S) POLC(S)-TECR(0» POLC(S)-0OCT(0) patc(S)«oocT( ) POLC(S)-AEVT(S) POLC(S)-AOVT{D) PGtC(S)-TECR(S)
12 P01C(C»-TECR(0> PCtC(C)-TECR(S) PGlC(CJ-OGCT(C) POtC(G>-ADVT{S> PGLC(C)-DCCTtS) P01C{C)-P0LC(S) POLC(C»-AQVT(D» AOVT(D>-TECR(C) AOVT(CI-TfcCP(S) ADVT<C>-DOCT(0) AOVT(C)-ADVT(SJ flCVT(C)-OQCT{S) ACVT(C)-PCLC(S> PCLC<S)-TeCR{C) PCLC(SHTECfi(S) POl.C(S)-DCCTtC> PGLC{S)-ADVT(S) PCLC{S)-DCCT(S) DOCT(S)-TECR(C) DGCT{S)-TECR{S) DOCT{S»-OGCT<0) nCCKSJ-ADVTtS) ADVT{S)-T£CRtDJ ACVT(S)-TECRIS) ADVT<S)-CCCT{D) DOCT{C)-T6CR(0) OCCT(C)-TECR(S)
13 DCCTCO-TECRCC) OCCT(C)-ACVT(C) DCCT{C»-ACVT(S) 0CCT(C)-T6CR(S} O G C K O - P O L C t O OCCT(C)-POLC(S) DCCT(C>-OCCT(S)
14 DCCTJO-ACVTtS) DCCT(C)-PCLC(C) OOCT(D)-PCLC(S) DOCT(C)-TECR(0» DCCT(C)-TECRtS) OCCTlO-OQCTtS) OQCT{C)-AOVT(CI
15 TgCR(C)-POtCCC» TgCR(D)-AGVT(D» TiCRlCI-PQLCCS) T€Cfi{D»-QOCT(0) t g C R ( C ) - 0 § C I ( S )
@<tti 0.211
m mom tmmtm'mmf-mim mi m»i
1.508 1.408 1.33A i . l 4 5 0.9«3 0 .6^5 0 .611 0.837 0.737 Q.662 0 .474 0.292 0.224
1.167 1.424 1.133 0.909 0.857 G.820 0.6'97 1.470 C.727 0.436 0.212 1.160 0.123 1.347 G.604 0 .313 0.08*3 0.Q37 1.310 0 .567 0.276 0.0*52 1.258 0.515 0.224 1.034 0 .291
1.484 1.300 • 1.088 0 .962 0.879 0.733 0.713
1.031 0.869 0.825 0.750 0.637 C.135 0.046
1.614 1.394 0 . 9 9 1 0 .766 0 .746
^6*54 <3Ǥ0
mmi'mmummmtmmtmmmtm'mimmmmimi
1.06 1.14 0 .60 0 .58 1.Q4 0 .62 0.62 1.10 1.17 0 .67 0.65 1.06 0 .66
1.07 0 .67 1.13 0 .59 0 .58 0 .65 C.98 1.40 1.11 1.42 1.04 1.01 1.02 i . l Q C.72 1.14 0.64 0 . 6 1 1.02 0.62 1.06 C.61 1.06 0 .69 1.06 1.33 1.04
1.69 1.70 i . 3 0 1.33 1.27 1.29 1.18
1.25 i . 2 4 1.28 1.51 1.21 1.15 1.41
1.10 1.43 1.12 1.43 i.ea
tnum^m mnmtnWM
»MM « i «K tiM «« «4 iM «W « t « Mi I M W M iaillM iM « t iM a^
siQm^Kmtvi SIGNIPICJ|«11.V SI<3NIFICA^tiY SlCNIFICAWtlY iNSIGNIFICANt INSIGNIFICINT 1NSIGNIPICAN1 inSlGHlflCMm INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIPICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT
SIGNIFICANTLY SIGNIFlCANTtY SIGNlFICANtiY SIGNIFICANTLY SIGNIFICANTLY SKNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIPICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT
INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT
INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNlFIGANt INSIGNIFICANT
SIGNIFIC4*(I4¥ INSIGNIFIC4NI IN SIGN I f f CAM l N S I 0 N l P l € « * i I N S l G l ^ l l ^ l f i | »
GIPF. O IPF . OIFF. C I F F .
O IFF . D IFF . C I F F . C I F F . O IFF . O IFF .
D IFF .
D IFF .
DIFF
D IFF .
C IFF .
20
21
22
'"^^SZ' ' ^ f ^^B
^p<s ) * ] ^ r f t t » cfC^iSf-f^Hie) T i ^< iH f i e i i s» f icfcoj-^evfto* t l C f i t j O - P Q i C t c ' i f £ C R ( « ) - P Q l . C < S I T f C R C a ) " A O V t ( S ) TECRiCH0QGT<J3»
P O l C t C ) - a p C t ( S )
PQLC(C>-AOVT{C) PGLC(C) -OCCT{C) PGLCCE)-TeCf l {S) P Q L C t O - A D V T ^ I J W P C l C i C l - T E C R C O p TECf i (C) -OQCT(S) T E C 8 ( C H P Q L C ( S ) T i C R < C » - A C V T ( C I T g C « i C ) - D C C T ( 0 ) T fCf l«C) -T-ECR(S) T f i C R C O - A D V J t ^ r
T E C R ( S ) - P Q L C { 0 ) T€CR{S) -COCT(S ) TECR(S>-DCCT(D> T g C R ( S ) - A C V T ( S ) TECR<S)-POLC(S) T e C R ( S ) - A C V T ( C ) TECR(S) -TFCR(CJ T6CR(C) - ^PL IC(D) TgCR(C} -OCCT(SJ TECR(C) -DCCT(C) TeCRtC) - />CVT(^ ) T e C R ( C } - P C L C ( S l T g C R ( C ) - A C V T ( D ) ACVT(C) -PCLCIC) AOVT{C) -CGCT(S) ACVT(CJ-OOCTID) A O V K O - A C V K S ) A C V T ( D H P C L C ( S ) POLCtS) -PCLC{C) PQLC(S)-CtJCT(S) POLC(SHDCCT(C) P C t C ( S ) - A C V T ( S ) A O V T ( S i - P C L C ( C ) ACVT(S) -DCCT(S) AOVT(S) -DaCT{D) DOCT(n ) -PCLC(C) OOCT{C)-OCCT(S)
ADVT(C) -PCLC(C) A D V T ( £ ) - P O L C ( S ) A O V T ( C H T E C f i ( C ) AOVT(C)-OCCT{S» munO'-QGCfio) At3^t«)«TECfl<S) ACV1lBt"AC\^HS) ACVTCSJ-F-aLCtO) AB^t<SHPCrtCfS> A0VtlSHTgCI?(O) A©VtlS>-fiQ6i4SJ ICVt lSHCf lCTfO i» ivt (S)- tgCR{SJ
0 1 ^ '
ti^i^s ««#t2 0*92* 0«€11 0«610 € . 5 9 7 '
<^.083
^ . 9 8 3 0 . 9 8 3 0 , 8 8 5 GS^57 0.31.9 0 . 8 3 9 G .324 0 . 6 5 9 0 . 6 J 7 0 . 5 6 1 0 . 3 3 0 0 . 5 1 5 0 . 5 1 5
1 .863 1 .423 1 .354 1 .212 1 .130 C .364 C.2C4
• 1 . 6 8 9 1 .219 I . I S O 1 .008 0 . 9 2 6 C .160 i . :>2g 1 .059 0 .99O 0 . 8 * 8 0 . 7 6 6 0 . 7 6 3 C .293 0 . 2 2 4 0 . 0 8 2 0 . 6 8 1 0 . 2 1 1 0 . 1 4 2 0 . 5 3 9 0 . 0 6 9
1 .598 1.41C 1 .379 l . 2 2 « 1 .045 1 .000 0 . 8 9 4 0 . 7 0 4 G^BU 0.419 o.a^4 o.tsi e»M6
ra' " 1 t#i 1 0«99 1
Sil'I NII#W' mii«Wlii
t « t
o.aa m^mW^m 1.02 l « S t # l H P f f « | t i .29 i mimmtmt^ 0.97 INS l i l t i r t c a f f 0.99 I N S I i l i J f t W t 0.91 INSI€f) l fsiC«|t 1.20 1 N S I G N I F K W
0.58 SIGNIFICANItY 0.66 SICNIFICHWTiv 1.02 ] i . 0 5 ] C .60 ] 0 . 5 2 i 0 . 8 9 ] 0 . 9 9 ! 1 .03 ] 1 .28 1 . 2 8 ] 0 . 9 5 0 . 8 8
0 . 6 4 : C .62 : 1 .10 ! 0 . 6 0 0 . 6 7 : 0 . 9 9 0 . 9 2 1 . 0 1 ; 0 . 9 8 ; 1 . 3 2 0 . 9 5 0 . 9 8 1 . 1 8 1 .03 i i . ox : 1 .32 0 . 9 6 0 . 9 7 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 2 1 .05 0 . 5 8 0 . 5 4 0 . 5 2 0 . 9 6 1 . 0 1 0 . 9 6
1 .14 i 1 .18 1 .47 1 .09 1 . 4 3 1 . 0 7 0 . 9 9 0 . 6 2 0 . 6 9 1 .09 0 . 5 7
i«oa O.Sf
[NS IGNIF ICANI NSIGNIFICANT N S I G N I F I C * N f NSIGMIPfCANT NSIGNIFIC/l>Nt
[NS IGNIF ICANt I N S l G N l F I C i N T [ N S I G N I F I C i N f ENSIGMIPICUNT [NS IGN lF IC i l l l T INSIGNIFICANT
SIGNIFICANTLY SIGNIFICANTLY JIGNIFCCANTLY SIGNIFICANTLY SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIF ICZNT I N S I G M F I C Z N T SIGNIFICANTLY SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANTLY SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFIC**NT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT
S I G N I F i C A N l l Y SIGNIFICANTLY INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIFICANT
I N S i G N I F l C « | r INSlGNlFlCAr SIGNIFICANll INSGNIFICAI^I INSGNIFICH^II INSGNIFICAIJI
' f
i^
INS6NIFICi«f INSONIFrclfe
O I F F . O I F F .
D I F F . O I F F . O I F F . D I F F . O I F F .
DIFF DIFF
C I F F . D I F F .
D I F F .
O I F F .
C I F F . O I F F .
O I P F .
16
1 7
,
18
l ^
'^^^fSVtif " ^ H M I I ^ I ^ ^ I ts I lipISI.ltt|t€<CJ «&^14SI-«8^«tiC* HCVtaHPCtCIS* i i i ¥ f « s N e a € t c c ) * o v T i S H e c c t i s > A O V t ( S ) ' ^ T | € « a > T g C R I S H P G i C l i * TECRCSHi lOVtCO) T e c f i ( s i - P C L C ( s » TSCf?{S»-DOCTtcy TeCf i (S ) -OCCT(S> D C C T ( S ) - P O t C ( 0 ) DCCTCSJ-AOVKO) OOCT(S) -PCt .C{S I OCCTiSHOaCTCO) OCCT{C)-PCLC{OJ DGCT(C>-ACVT(0> O C C T { D ) - P 0 t C ( S »
T e C P { S ) - A C V T ( 0 » T | C B ( S ) - A C V T ( S ) TgCR(S>-DCCT{S) TeCR<S)~DCCT{D) TECR(SI~PCLC<S) T 6 C B ( S I - T 6 C R ( C » TeCR(S) -POLC(OJ POLC{C»-ADVT(0 ) POLC(C) -ACVT(S) PCLC(CI -OCCT(<. l PGLC(C>-OOCT(C» P C L C l O - P C L C t S ) P O L C ( C ) - T E C R ( C l
A C V T { S ) - T e C R < C I ' A D V T t S ) - T £ C R ( S I ADVT<S) -PCLC(S) A D V T ( S ) - P O L C { 0 ) / ! iCyT(S»- / lCVT(Ol ADVT(S>-OCCT{S) AOVT(S)-DOCT<D) DGCT(C) -TECR(C) 0CCT(CJ -TECR(5 ) OCCT(C) -PQLC{S) DCCT(C) -POLC(0» DGCT(C»-ACVT(C) DCCT(C) -DGCT{S)
PGLC(C»-DGCT(S) P G L C ( 0 ) - T E C R ( S I P C L C ( C ) - A C V T t C ) PCLC(D)-«PGLC(S) POLCtO»«-OCCT{D» P C I C ( G > - A 0 V T I S > P C l C < C ) - T E C R ( 0 ) TgCf l (C»-OOCT(S) T6CR(D) -TECR(S> T € C R f C ) - A O V T ( C ) TeCRlOr -POLCCS) TeCR«0) -DCCT(C> T i C R t e i - A G V K S I
OOCT(S>-TECRtS> ©tCf CSH^CVtCO) M e t i s HPf l ie(Q)
e<ifis e,5ie %.m^ G,8€4 C , 4 € l 0 .236 0.216 € .013 1.061 Q.841 0 .438 0 .213 0 .193 0.868 0 .648 0 .245 0.020 0 .848 0.628 0 .225
1.795 1.432 0.970 0.795 0 .714 0 .629 0 .567 1.228 0 .865 0.403 0.228 0 .147 0.062
J .485 1.265 Q.886 0.862 0 .500 0 .445 0.518 i . 0 6 7 0.846 0.A68 C.444 0.082 0 .027
0.827 0 .699 0 .654 0.649 0 .617 0.305 0 .267 0.560 0.432 0 .387 0 .372 tJ.350 0.O38
<3.93'6 t ) .823 *3.622
lir€4i' ^ . 1 6 € . 6 2 l « l € 0«68 i . i i 0.S6 0^59 0.66 1.12 0 .73 1.12 0.60 0 .61 1.07 0.66 1.04 1.12 1.39 1.09
1.28 0.73 0.72 1.28 0 .79 1.13 0.67 1.23 0.67 0,66 1.22 0.73 1.06
1.23 0.75 0.78 0.68 1.20 0.63 1.11 1.65 1.34 i . 3 4 1.26 i . 5 7 1.17
C.59 0.64 1.04 0.65 1.05 0.54 0 .93 1.01 1.03 1.30 1.01 1.27 0.89
0 .62 1.03 0 .56
| f ^# (€H i f JKA iT si^si@iir#^i sioffif'iciimv cipf. iNSI<5«||S|Clllt IN5l€NlPlC*f4T msiQfiifmi^nf. I N S I G N l P l C m f wuGniPUMm S I O N I F I C A m t r V O I F F . I N S I G N l P l C i l W t ! ^SIGN|PIC i^WT U^SIGNIFICi lNT I N S I G N I F I C I W T S IGNIF ICANTtV O I F F . INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT
SIGNIFICANTLY C I F F . SIGNIFICANTLY C I F F . S IGNIFICANTLY O I F F . INSIGNIF ICANT INS IGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT ' INSIGNIF ICANT
SIGNIFICANTLY O I F F . SIGNIFICANTLY O I F F . SIGNIFICANTLY C I F F . SIGNIFICANTLY O I F F . INSIGNIF ICANT INS IGNIF ICANT INS IGNIF ICANT INS IGNIF ICANT INS IGNIF ICANT f-NSIGNIFICANT INS IGNIF ICANT f-NSIGNIFICANT HNSIGNIFICANT
SIGNIFICANTLY O I F F . SIGNIFICANTLY O I F F . INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INS IGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT
S I G N l F i C A N l l ^ B I F F . INSIGfllPICAIf msimwiim
23
24
75
t^mmi*p<2uwi f ^ l S J - P f l t C C S ) T | C « t S H T S C R ( 0 ) T i < « I S H O C l C T ( S » T fCRCSHOCCT(O)
O O C I f e ) - A C V T ( C ) 0 0 € T ( D > " T g C R ( D ) OCCT(C) -ACVT(S) OQCT(C)-OQCT{S) OCCT(E) -T€GR(S) OGCT{D) -PC lC(D» C 0 C T { C ) - P 0 1 C ( S )
T E C 8 C 0 ) - D C C t ( S ) T E C R ( C ) - P a L C ( S ) T E C f i t C ) - f E C R ( S ) TECP(C)-DOCT(CJ TECR(C) -ACVT(C) TECS<C)-AOVT(S> TI :Cf5(D)~PCLC(0)
T E C R I O - A C V K S ) TFCR(C) -ACVT(C) TFCP(C) -PCLC{ ' ' » 1ECR(C) -TECR(b ) TECP(C) -DCCT(C) TECRtC)-DCCT(S» r E C R ( C ) - P C L C ( D ) PGLC(C)-ACVT(S» POLC(C>-ACVTiC) POLC(CJ~PCLC(S) P O L C ( E ) - T E C R ( S l PCLC(C)-DCCT(D» P O t C ( C ) - O O C T t S ) D C C T ( S ) - A t V T ( S ) OCCT(S) -ADVT(C) DOCT(S) -PCLC(S) DOCT{S)-TECR(S» COCT(S)-DOCT{S) D C C K O - A E I V K S ) C C C K O - A C V T i C ) DCCT(C) -PCLC(S) DCCT{C>-TECR(SJ
€«59a 0.4fQ o#at^ Q.ais 0.04S
i.ioo 0.934 0.919 0 , S 6 l Q.S!l5 0.293 € . l f l 2
c.ess 0 .Q13 0 . 6 2 9 0 . 5 8 3 Q.A47 0 . 3 7 1 O . l G l
1 . 3 4 1 1 .264 1 .219 0 . 5 8 3 0 . 5 8 3 C .576 0 . 5 2 2 0 . 9 1 9 0 . 7 4 3 0 . 6 9 7 0 . 0 6 1 (1 .061 0 . 0 5 4 0 . 7 6 5 n . 6 8 7 0 . 6 4 3 0 . 0 0 7 C.0C7 0 . 7 5 8 0 . 6 8 2 0 . 6 3 6 0 . 0 0 0
< i « 6 i 0 . 7 4 1 .06 Q.62 1 .07
1 .66 1 .60 1 .26 1 .24 1.25 1 .19 1 .19
1 .04 1 .08 1 .04 1 .36 1 ,30 0 . 9 5 0 . 9 2
1 . 0 1 1 .32 1 .04 1 .00 1 .29 0 . 9 3 0 . 8 9 0 . 5 7 1 .03 0 . 6 5 0 . 6 0 1 . 0 1 0 . 5 1 C .55 l.C'X 0 . 6 2 0 . 5 8 0 . 9 6 1 .05 1 .32 1 .05 0 . 9 9
I H S ^ N I P l f M I ^ I K B ^ H I f l M p i N S ^ N I F t f c l i f T !NSQN!FI€J | l tT INSGNIPICANT
INSGNJFICAUT INSGNIPICANT INSGWrPICUNT INSGNIFiCANT INSGfNiFICANT !NS6NIF IC«NT IWSGMFICANT
INSGNIPICANT It^SGNIFICANT INSGNIFICANT INSGNIFICANT INSGNIFICANT INSGNIFICANT INSGNIFICANT
S IGNIF ICANTIY C I F F , INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INS IGNIF lC i iNT SIGNIFICANTLY O I F F . I N S I G N I f I C A M INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT SIGNIFICANTLY C I F F . INSIGNIFICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIGNIF ICANT I f^SIGNlFICANT INSIGNIF ICANT INSIbr , ' IF ICA/^T
Recommended