La optimización de la recuperación de quitina de crustáceos desechos

7/27/2019 La optimización de la recuperación de quitina de crustáceos desechos

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Journal of Biotechnology 131S (2007) S188–S195

Industrial Biotechnology

INNOVATIVE DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING

1.

Evaluating biopharmaceutical economics and capacity with

process modelling and simulation tools

Victor Papavasileiou a,∗, Demetri Petrides b

a  Intelligen Europe, Leiden, Netherlandsb Intelligen, Inc., 2326 Morse Avenue, Scotch Plains, 07076 NJ,

United States

The capital investment for new biopharmaceutical manufac-

turing facilities is around D 4000L−1 of bioreactor capacity.

Moderate to large facilities can cost hundreds of millions of 

Euros, yet such investments are often made with uncertain infor-

mation about process performance, media and materials prices,

and market conditions. This paper presents a systematic way

to evaluate the critical costs and capacity issues in biophar-

maceutical plants. Examples will be presented on determining

the target product titre, optimising bioreactor batch size and

choosing where or whether to use disposable (single-use) equip-ment. Since many process decisions must be based on partial

or uncertain information, this presentation will also describe

how to evaluate the risk associated with process and economic

assumptions.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.333

2.

Biotechnological process for chitin recovery out of shrimp

waste

Gabriele Daum a, Helen Stober a, Kerstin Veltrup b, Friedhelm

Meinhardt b, Bernward Bisping a,∗

a University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Division

of Food Microbiology/Hygiene, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Ohn-

horststr. 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germanyb Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster, Institut fuer 

 Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Corrensstr. 3,

48149 Muenster, Germany

Chitin (poly␤-(1→ 4)- N -acetyl-d-glucosamine), a polysaccha-

ride which is common in the carapace of insects and crustacea,

is needed as precursor for chitosan. Chitin, in particular its

deacetylated derivative chitosan, has numerous applications,

such as in pharmaceutical products, cosmetics, dairy prod-

ucts, in waste water treatment, agriculture and biotechnological

products. Routinely applications require specific structures, and

effectiveness of polymers wasshown to depend on themolecular

weight and the degree of acetylation (Muzzarelli et al., 1986).Exosceletonsof crustaceans arethe key sourceof chitin. Lim-

itations of utilization are high costs for purification done by

chemical processes, which include alternating acid and alkali

treatments, resulting in large amounts of liquid waste of harsh

chemicals.

A biotechnological reconditioning of shrimp shell waste rep-

resents an alternative. Such process includes deproteinization of 

shrimp waste and removal of calcium carbonate (Healy et al.,

1994). Since the application of enzymes, though effectively used

in laboratory scale (Gagne and Simpson, 1993), causes uneco-

nomical production costs, the use of living microbes, facilitating

efficient chitin purification, is desirable.

For demineralization of shrimp shells a fermentation withlactic acid bacteria was performed. Using 25% (w/v) waste, up

to 95% of mineral salts were removed.

In a further fermentation proteins were hydrolyzed by Bacil-

lus licheniformis. A chitinase-deficient strain was isolated from

Indonesian shrimp waste and microscopically and physiologi-

cally determined. Molecular characterization was performed by

sequencing the 16S rRNA gene.

Genetic work for enhancing protease production was suc-

cessfully performed.

References

Gagne, N., Simpson, B.K., 1993. Food Biotechnol. 7, 253–263.

Healy, M., Romo, R., Bustos, R., 1994. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 11, 139–147.

Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Tanfani, F., Emanuelli, M., Chiurazzi, E., Piani, M., 1986.

In: Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Jeuniaux, C., Gooday, G.W. (Eds.), Chitin in Nature

and Technology. Plenum Press, New York, p. 469.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.334

0168-1656/$ – see front matter

doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.332