Land Administration System (LAS) for Sustainable Spatial...

Land Administration System (LAS) for

Sustainable Spatial Development

Assoc. Prof. Anka LISEC, PhD.

University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering Department of Geodesy,

Chair of Geoinformatics and Real Estate Cadastres Jamova cesta 2, Ljubljana

SLOVENIA E-address: anka.lisec@fgg.uni-lj.si

University of Ljubljana

Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering

Sustainable development - meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT?

Land can be defined as physical thing that encompasses the surface of the Earth and all things attached to it both above and below; together with surface water land present the surface of the whole Earth.

Western definition: “land is the surface of the

Earth, the materials beneath it, the air above and all things fixed to the soil”

(Dale and McLaughlin 1988)

Land can be defined also as an abstract thing that is manifest as a set of rights to its use.

“Land” – tangable asset;

“Rights” – intangable asset;

Example: Land can be traded even though the physical object can not be moved!

Land related rights....

Limitation to land use...

Institution are the rules of the game in a society or, more formally, are the humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction.

The role of formal institutions regarding land and land use: 1. Legal security 2. Controlling land use change

People to land relationships Rights to land and roles of different parties are not of

interest as long as land resources are abundant in relation to demand.

??

Development of land evidences for different purposes:

Three dimensions of defining rights to land: - definition of concepts (what is included in a certain right), - definition of holders of rights, - definition of boundaries.

Parcel based land evidences - standard in developed countries:

The cadastral parcel – is a uniquely delimited tract of land within which a coherent set of definable property interest is recognized.

Land administration system – conceptualization of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities related to people, policies and land.

Rights

Restrictions

Responsibilities RRR

Tasks Land related activities Tools/Methods

Strategy – visions and

objectives

LAND POLICY political activities

Management – measures and

projects for the implementation of the policy

LAND MANAGEMENT land-use planning, land consolidation and reallocation, melioration, landscape development …

Administration – handling of spatial

information, data analysis, data visualization

– cadastral procedures

LAND ADMINISTRATION

cadastral procedures, monitoring, land registration, land surveying …

Source: Steudler and Rajabifard, 2012

Source: Enemark, 2013

… it is about the policies, processes and institutions by which land, property and natural resources are managed.

Source: Enemark, 2013

Meeting sustainable development objectives is a complex and temporal process involving multiple stakeholders.

These objectives can be facilitated through the development of a

spatially enabled government - a new vision for Spatial Information within an e-Government environment.

Sustainable Development

LAS SDI

Spatial data are data referred to a location of the Earth’s Surface and are often termed as geographical or geo-referenced data. Land data is also spatial data.

Why spatial data? Estimates – 80% of human decisions is related geographically (Worrall,

1991) Why spatial data for land management? The unique characteristic of the land is geographical location!

Good Land Information

Better Land Policy

Better Land Management

and Administration

Suitable Spatial

Development, Land Use

Spatial data infrastructure is presented by the integrated national spatial databases – it consists of the technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data.

The term appeared in the 80-ies of the past century in Canada, when the state and country surveying agencies were trying to improve their efficiency and effectiveness by transforming spatial data into digital environment.

Measurements, spatial data acquisition

Land management, Spatial planning, development

Spatial (land) data maintainance Spatial data infrastructure (SDI)

Legal framework for basic spatial data;

Common Data integration concept

Positioning infrastructure for the common reference framework;

Network infrastructure to enable integration and sharing of spatial data through the spatial data infrastructure SDI;

Landownership information as one of the basic information topics;

Data and information – data quality, accessibility

Multipurpose Cadastre (German style) Title or deeds (Torrens/English style)

Taxation cadastre (French/Latin/ USA style)

Tenure

Value

Use

Development

Incorporating: Land policy Spatially enabled LAS Services to business and public Country context

Sustainable development - Economic - Environmental - Social - Governance

Land data Land

management paradigm

Spatially enabled

government

Parcels Buildings Roads

Inte

gra

ted

fu

nct

ion

s

SDI Mapping agencies

and other data providers

Better decision making

Source: Williamson, Enemark, Wallace, Rajabifard, 2010

1. DATA SETS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED OVER LONG PERIOD

- different methods of data acquisition; - different methods of data maintenance; - dynamic system – new observation for improvement

of positional accuracy?

2. DATA ARE BASED ON OBSERVATIONS – measurements: - random variables: any measured value contains

some uncertainty! - redundant variables: commonly there exist more

measured values then necessary to be able to calculate unique point coordinates!

1818 – 1829: first cadastral survey Cadastral plans 1:2880; Land use, land classification and ownership were

defined; 1869 – 1882: new systematic cadastral

survey (only some areas) 1871: land register Dual property registration system

influence on the real property register from the

Habsburg monarchy

influence of the period of planned administrative

economy 1945 – 1991: the maintenance of the land registration system was not important.

Slovenia (1991)

Security of ownership essential

LAND (REAL PROPEORTY) EVIDENCES: land and building cadastre, land registry A basic sub-system of NATIONAL SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (NSDI)

Transition from planned-administrative economy

to marked oriented economy

Land administration system (LAS) based on

land information system (LIS) and spatial data infrastructure (SDI)

for

sustainable spatial development.

Literature: Dale, P. F., McLaughlin, J. D. (1999): Land Administration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Enemark, S. (2013): Building Spatial Frameworks for Sustainable and Transparent Land Governance. WB and FIG presentation. FIG (2014): Fédération Internationales des Géomètres, www.fig.net. Larsson, G. (1997): Land Management – Public Policy, Control and Participation. Stockholm: The Swedish Council for Building Research. Lisec, A., Ferlan, M. (2012): Institutional framework of land management and its implication for spatial development. In Ciccotelli, E., Calò, B. (Eds.). Spatial planning : strategies, developments and management. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers, 35-55. Steudler, D., Rajabifard, A. (2012): Spatially Enabled Society. FIG. Williamson, I., Enemark, S., Wallace, J., Rajabifard, A. (2010): Land Administration for Sustainable Development. ESRI Press.

University of Ljubljana

Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering