Large Scale Topographic Mapping in Indonesia Dr. Ade K. Mulyana Aldino Rizaldy Edwin Hendrayana...

Large Scale Topographic Mapping in Indonesia

Dr. Ade K. MulyanaAldino Rizaldy

Edwin Hendrayana

Center for Topographic Mapping and ToponymsGeospatial Information Agency

Indonesia

Background

• Law No.4/2011 on Geospatial Information mandates a.o.:– Transformation from BAKOSURTANAL (National

Coordinating Agency for Surveys and Mapping) into BIG (Geospatial Information Agency)

– BIG to provide topographic maps as base maps for all thematic maps at small, medium dan large scales

– Large scale mapping: 1:10,000 1:5,000 1:2,500 and 1:1,000

• Land area of Indonesia: 1.9 million km2

• Prioritization: large scale mapping only for the urban area• At 1:5.000, # sheets for city area (non-district) is more than 15,000.

– Capital of provinces– Other cities in need of Detailed Spatial Planning

No. Scale Total # Sheets

# Sheets available

# Sheets to do

1 1:10.00091,547 780 90767

2 1:5.000283,866 0 283866

3 1:2500880,206 0 880206

4 1:10002,729,319 0 2729319

Large Scale Topographic Mapping Projects

Loan from JICA (Japan) 2011-2014:•4 cities at 1:10,000 (123 sheets ~2600 km2)• Performed by a Japanese company•Part of NSDI project (1:50K and 1:10K)

National Budget, 2012:•6 cities at 1:10,000 (131 sheets)•Performed by 2 Indonesian companies

National Budget, 2013:•4 cities at 1:10,000 (131 sheets)•1 city at 1:5,000 (98 sheets)•Performed by 3 Indonesian companies

20121:10.000

Makassar

Pare Pare

Manado, Tomohon, Bitung

Gorontalo

1:10.000 Digital Photogrammetry

Project Specification• Ground Control Point (GCP):

– 20 cm planimetric accuracy and 15 cm vertical accuracy– GCP must be signalized– GCP distribution: in the center and in the corner of the block, as well as

along the perimeter.– Independent Check Point (ICP) must be distributed for each map sheet.

• Photos:– Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) 20 cm– Overlap/sidelap 60%/30% for flat area, and 70%/40% for mountainous area– Camera must be equipped with GNSS/IMU

• Flight plan: Crossflight is mandatory• Aerial Triangulation (AT):

– sigma naught of 10 micron and GCP Planimetric RMSE 1 m; Vertical RMSE 0.5 m

• Topographic map compilation:– Stereoplotting is conducted to produce masspoint, spotheght and breakline– DEM building from masspoint, spotheight and breakline– Contour will be generated from DEM– Feature collection threshold is 5 m

1:10.000 LIDARProject Specification

• Density of point cloud is ≥ 4 points/m2

• Three return per pulse must be recorded include first return and last return

• ≤ 20 cm of vertical RMSE LIDAR• GSD 12 cm for orthoimage• LIDAR system must be included with GNSS/IMU• Filtering or classification must be performed to

post-processing LIDAR raw data to create Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM)

20131:5.000

1:5.000Project Specification

• Ground Control Point (GCP):– 20 cm planimetric accuracy and 15 cm vertical accuracy– GCP must be signalized– GCP distribution: in the center and in the corner of the block, as well as along the

perimeter.– Independent Check Point (ICP) must be distributed for each map sheet.

• Photos:– Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) 15 cm– Overlap/sidelap 60%/30% for flat area, and 70%/40% for mountainous area– Camera must be equipped with GNSS/IMU

• Flight plan: Crossflight is mandatory• Aerial Triangulation (AT):

– sigma naught of 10 micron and GCP Planimetric RMSE 0.5 m; Vertical RMSE 0.3 m• Topographic map compilation:

– Stereoplotting is conducted to produce masspoint, spotheght and breakline– DTM building from masspoint, spotheight and breakline– Contour will be generated from DTM– Feature collection threshold is2.5 m

GCP Measurement

GCP Measurement

Signalized GCP / ICP

Flight Result(Camera Exposure)

CROSS LINE

CROSS LINE

Image Result(Makassar, GSD 12 cm)

Orthomosaic Image Result(Manado, GSD 12 cm)

DSM Result(Manado, 16 cm resolution)

Accuracy Test (Manado)12 cm GSD

LIDAR + Medium Format CameraLeica ALS70 + RCD30

32 ICP’s

RMSEx = 0.263 mRMSEy = 0.320 mRMSEz = 0.654 m

Horizontal Accuracy0.717 m

Vertical Accuracy1.283 m

Accuracy Test (Pare Pare)12 cm GSD

Medium Format CameraLeica RCD30

15 ICP’s

RMSEx = 0.079 mRMSEy = 0.090 mRMSEz = 0.412 m

Horizontal Accuracy0.207 m

Vertical Accuracy0.808 m

Accuracy Test (Medan)25 cm GSD

Large Format CameraVexcel Ultracam-X

18 ICP’s

RMSEx = 0.234 mRMSEy = 0.267 mRMSEz = 0.483 m

Horizontal Accuracy0.614 m

Vertical Accuracy0.947 m

Digital Elevation Models of Makassar

Source: Digital Aerial Photographs, June 2012Processing Method: Digital PhotogrammetryPurpose: Topographic Mapping at 1:10,000

Topographic Mapping Process

Challenges

• Human resources• Standards and Project Specification• Data Acquisition– Camera and LIDAR equipment

availability– Aircraft availability:

• Weather (rain and cloud) and terrain condition