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7/31/2019 Lecture on Histology of Breast by Dr. Roomi
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HISTOLOGY OF BREAT
By
Dr. Mudassar Ali Roomi (MBBS, M. Phil)
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mammary gland
Emryology of mammary gland??
Each mammary gland iscomposed of numerouscompound tubuloalveolar glands(15-20 lobes).
each lobe is a separate gland withits own lactiferous sinus and a L.duct (2-4.5 cm long).
L. duct opens at the apex of thenipplewhich has 15-25 pore-likeopenings each about 0.5 mm indiameter.
Adjacent lobes are separated byinterlobar C.T.
Each lobe is divided into lobulesby intralobar C.T.
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DEVELOPMENT OFBREAST AT PUBERTY
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ducts of mammary gland
Intralobular andinterlobular ducts: linedby simple cuboidalepithelium
Lactiferous duct: linedby stratified cuboidalepithelium
Close to the nipple theepi. of lact. Ductbecomes st. squamous.
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Resting or inactive
mammary glands (in
adult, nonpregnantwomen)
glandular tissue is sparse.
No alveoli
Intralobular ducts (tubules)
and interlobular ducts arepresent.
Intralobular C.T. is abundant
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inactive breast
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mammary glands-
early pregnancy
Alveoli are formed
Interlobular fat and C.T. isreduced
Intralobular C.T. is alsoreduced and is infilteratedby plasma cells andlymphocytes
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Breast in
pregnancy
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mammary glands-
late pregnancy
Alveoli enlarge and begin to
produce some secretion
Alveoli are lined by simple
cuboidal epithelium
Alveolar cells are surrounded byan incomplete layer of
myoepithelial cells.
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Breast in
pregnancy
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Active (lactating)
mammary glands
Secretion accumulates inmany of the alveoli due towhich they become distended
Intralobular ducts appear
structurally similar to alveoli
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lactating mammary
glands
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Active (lactating) mammary glands
Alveolar cells are richlyendowed with RER andcontain several Golgicomplexes, numerousmitochondria, lipid droplets,
and vesicles containing milkprotein (caseins) and lactose.
Secretion by alveolar cells Lipids are released into the
alveolar lumen via the apocrinemode of secretion.
Proteins and sugars arereleased into the alveolarlumen via the merocrine modeof secretion.
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Mammary gland- After
lactation
after weaning mammarygland returns to the inactivestate
Alveoli decrease in size andgradually disappear (by
apoptosis) C.T and fat becomes abundant
again just like inactive state
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After menopause
Secretory epithelium atrophies
Few remnants of duct system remains
C.T becomes inreasingly dense andhomogeneous
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I.D. Points
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MEDICAL APPLICATION
When a woman is breast-feeding,the nursing action of the childstimulates tactile receptors in thenipple, resulting in liberation ofthe posterior pituitary hormoneoxytocin .
This hormone causes contractionof the smooth muscle of thelactiferous sinuses and ducts, aswell as the myoepithelial cells ofalveoli, resulting in the milk-ejection reflex.
Negative emotional stimuli, suchas frustration, anxiety, or anger,can inhibit the liberation ofoxytocin and thus prevent thereflex.
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mammary carcinomas
Most instances of breast cancer arisefrom epithelial cells of the lactiferousducts.
Metastasis: via the circulatory orlymphatic vessels to critical organssuch as the lungs or brain areresponsible for the mortalityassociated with breast cancer.
Axillary lymph nodes are removedsurgically and examined histologicallyfor the presence of metastaticmammary carcinoma cells.
How to reduce the mortality: Early
detection (eg, through self-examination, mammography,ultrasound, and other techniques)and consequent early treatment.
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