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DipartimentodiIngegneriaeArchitettura

UNIVERSITÀDEGLISTUDIDITRIESTE

Prof.LourdesElizabethGonzalez-Valera,Ph.D.

LINGUAINGLESEPARIALIVELLOB2

11/26/20 1LourdesE.Gonzalez-Valera

Lesson4

Englishsyntax:• collectivenouns(cont.)• “if”constructions(partii)• phrasalverbs• questiontags

November4,2020

11/26/20 2LourdesE.Gonzalez-Valera

Trickortreat!!!(rememberthatthesevowelsoundsareverydifferent)

Ivs.i

Untilnow…• Englishphonetics(sounds)morecomplexthanItalianphonetics.(approx.10vowelsinEnglishvs.5inItalian,forexample)

• ItalianverbformsmorecomplexthanEnglishverbforms.(50differentverbsuffixes(endings)inItalianvs.3-5inEnglish(3rdpersonpresent–s:past–ed/en;gerund:-ing

• Adjectiveorderingdifferent.

• EasinesstocreateverbsfromnounsinEnglish:todentalfloss,tovacuum;tox-ray;toxerox;toemail:tofax;toskype,etc.

• Easinesstocreateadjectivesfromnounsandverbs:—less;—able,forexample:head+less=headless;speech+less=speechless;drink+able=drinkable;do+able=doable,etc.

Worthknowingsyntacticconstructions

•  Collectivenouns+singularverbforms– herd(elephants,cows,deer,)– pack(wolves,dogs,foxes)– school(fish)– swarm(flies,bees,wasps)– flock(birdsingeneral)

Examples

aherd(ofelephants,cows,deer)

apack(ofwolves,dogs,foxes)

aschool(offish)aswarm(offlies,bees,wasps)

aflock(ofbirdsingeneral)

mandriadielefanti

brancodicani

bancodipesci

sciame,nugolodimosche

stormodiuccelli

+verbinSINGULAR:is,was,has,etc.

a/the/this/thatherd

a/the/this/thatschool

a/the/this/thatswarm

a/the/this/thatpack

a/the/this/thatflock

Agreementsingularorplural?

•  Aherdofhungryandrestlesselephantsis/waswalkingunderthetreeshadows.

•  Aswarmofflieshas/hadbeenbotheringthedinnerguestswithitsincessantnoise.

Subject=collectivenoun+verbinsingular

“Se”constructionsinItalian(i)(DizionarioTreccani)

1.Realtà

“Se”constructionsinItalian(ii)(DizionarioTreccani)

2.Possibilità

“Se”constructionsinItalian(iii)(DizionarioTreccani)

3.Irrealtà

Ifconstructions

I:conditionpossibletofulfill(realtà)

II:conditionintheorypossibletofulfill(possibilità)

III:conditionnotpossibletofulfill(toolate)(irrealtà)

Ifclause:If+simplepresentIfIstudy,

If+simplepastIfIstudied,

If+pastperfect

IfIhadstudied,

Mainclause:futureIwillpassthetest.

would,could,might…+verbIwouldpassthetest

would+have+pastparticiple

Iwouldhavepassedthetest

11/26/20 LourdesE.Gonzalez-Valera 14

Secominciassimoastudiarealleottodisera,alledieciavremmogiàfinito.congiuntivo condizionale

Ifwestart__tostudyateightintheevening,we________finish___byten. -ed to would be -ed

Secominciamoastudiarealleottodisera,alledieciavremogiàfinito.indicativo indicativo

Ifwestartstudy___ateightintheevening,wewillhavefinish__byten. -ing will have -ed

Phrasalverbs

•  Aphrasal verb in English is a verb likepick up, turn on orget onwith.Theseverbsconsistofabasicverb+anotherwordorwords.Thetwoorthreewordsthatmakeupaphrasalverbformashort"phrase"—whichiswhywecallthem"phrasalverbs".

•  Acombinationofaverbandanadverboraverbandapreposition,or both, in which the combination has a meaning different fromthemeaningofthewordsconsideredseparately:

seeto lookout makeupfor

Verycommonphrasalverbs

https://oxfordhousebcn.com/en/10-phrasal-verbs-you-should-learn-today/

•  goon (continuare)•  pickup (andareaprendere)•  comeup (emergre,spuntare)•  findout (scoprire)•  growup (crescere,maturare)•  goback (ritornare)•  seeto (occuparse)•  makeupfor (rimediare)•  lookout (fareattenzione)

Questiontags•  A question tag is a grammatical structure in which

a declarative or an imperative statement is turned into aquestion by the addition of an interrogative fragment (the"tag").Forexample,inthesentence"You'reJohn,aren'tyou?",thestatement"You'reJohn"isturnedintoaquestionbythetag"aren'tyou”.

•  The term "question tag" is generally preferred by Britishgrammarians, while their American counterparts prefer "tagquestion”

•  In inglese la tag question o question tag è una strutturagrammaticaleusataalla finedi unaproposizioneenunciativaoimperativapertrasformarlainunadomanda,oinunadomandaretorica.

Questiontag

Basicrule

Exercise!(completeeachsentencewiththecorrectQT)

1.  SheisfromasmalltowninJersey,2.  Theyareontheirwayalready,3.  Youdon'tlikespicyfood,4.  DavidandJuliedon'ttakeChineseclasses,5.  Theyneedsomenewclothes,6.  Youaren'tfromBrazil,7.  Theweatherisreallybadtoday,8.  I'mnotthepersonwiththetickets,9.  Ilikechocolateverymuch,10.  Ioftencomehomelate,11.  Itwascoldyesterday,12.  She'llcomeatsix,13.  Johnmuststay,

Exercise!(completeeachsentencewiththecorrectQT)

1.  Sheisn’tfromasmalltowninJersey,2.  Theyaren'tontheirwayalready,3.  Youlikespicyfood,4.  DavidandJulietakeChineseclasses5.  Theydon’tneedsomenewclothes,6.  YouarefromBrazil,7.  Theweatherisn’treallybadtoday,8.  I'mthepersonwiththetickets,9.  Youdon’tlikechocolateverymuch,10.  Idon’tcomehomelateoften,11.  Itwasn’tcoldyesterday,12.  Shewon’tcomeatsix,13.  Johnmustn’tstay,

SubjunctiveandZaia

•  ilsacrifficiochehannofattoivenetidovesseessere..poidiconoestata,forse..dovesseesserestatoavereforsefossestato..mmsoncasinatolodevodirecolcondizionalegiusto…

•  ….dovesseroesserericonosciuti

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_Pp2wVVwWE

Oranges,oringes?…Trumpandphonetics

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUPsNgmXR7M

originsarenotoranges!!!