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Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Linguistics 5Midterm Review 1
Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology
Roslyn C. Burns
University of California Berkeley
Fall Semester 2012
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Format of the Midterm
Short Answer and Data Analysis
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Morphology Terms
Morphology is the study of forms
Basic Morphology Terms
Morpheme:
A minimal meaning bearing unit
Word:
A morpheme that can stand alone or morphemesthat are together as a unit
Lexeme:
An abstract entry in the mental lexicon
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Morphology Terms
Morphology is the study of forms
Basic Morphology Terms
Morpheme: A minimal meaning bearing unit
Word:
A morpheme that can stand alone or morphemesthat are together as a unit
Lexeme:
An abstract entry in the mental lexicon
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Morphology Terms
Morphology is the study of forms
Basic Morphology Terms
Morpheme: A minimal meaning bearing unit
Word: A morpheme that can stand alone or morphemesthat are together as a unit
Lexeme:
An abstract entry in the mental lexicon
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Morphology Terms
Morphology is the study of forms
Basic Morphology Terms
Morpheme: A minimal meaning bearing unit
Word: A morpheme that can stand alone or morphemesthat are together as a unit
Lexeme: An abstract entry in the mental lexicon
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Morphology Conceptual Questions
Root Affix
Lexical cat un-
Grammatical the -ed
• Canonically, roots are lexical
• Canonically, affixes are functional
Do the terms “free” and “bound” morpheme correspond to anyof these terms?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Morphology Conceptual Questions
Root Affix
Lexical cat un-
Grammatical the -ed
• Canonically, roots are lexical
• Canonically, affixes are functional
Do the terms “free” and “bound” morpheme correspond to anyof these terms?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Morphology Analysis
Morphological Hierarchy
Word trees are hierarchical representations of affix orderingthat tell us which affixes attach first.
1 Split up the word into morphemes
2 Identify the word classes associated with the morphemes
3 Link the tree
4 Provide examples
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Structure This!
ANTIDISESTABLISHMENT
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Structure This!
ADJ
ANTI- N
V
DIS- ESTABLISH
-MENT
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
The International Phonetic Alphabet
What are the major features of consonants?
What are the major features of vowels?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
The International Phonetic Alphabet
What are the major features of consonants?
Voicing: Left (voiceless) Right (unvoiced)
Place: Front to Back
Manner: Top to Bottom
What are the major features of vowels?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
The International Phonetic Alphabet
What are the major features of consonants?
Voicing: Left (voiceless) Right (unvoiced)
Place: Front to Back
Manner: Top to Bottom
What are the major features of vowels?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
The International Phonetic Alphabet
What are the major features of consonants?
Voicing: Left (voiceless) Right (unvoiced)
Place: Front to Back
Manner: Top to Bottom
What are the major features of vowels?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
The International Phonetic Alphabet
What are the major features of consonants?
What are the major features of vowels?
Height: Top to Bottom
Frontness: Front to back
Rounding: Left (unrounded) Right (rounded)
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
The International Phonetic Alphabet
What are the major features of consonants?
What are the major features of vowels?
Height: Top to Bottom
Frontness: Front to back
Rounding: Left (unrounded) Right (rounded)
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
The International Phonetic Alphabet
What are the major features of consonants?
What are the major features of vowels?
Height: Top to Bottom
Frontness: Front to back
Rounding: Left (unrounded) Right (rounded)
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Natural Classes
Natural Classes
This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent
[x], [f], [t], [y]fricative
[s], [r], [R], [d]voiced
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Natural Classes
Natural Classes
This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent
[x], [f], [t], [y]
fricative
[s], [r], [R], [d]voiced
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Natural Classes
Natural Classes
This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent
[x], [f], [t], [y]fricative
[s], [r], [R], [d]voiced
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Natural Classes
Natural Classes
This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent
[x], [f], [t], [y]fricative
[s], [r], [R], [d]
voiced
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Natural Classes
Natural Classes
This a featural relationship that one phone has to others. Evenif the phones have the same feature, depending on the otherphones that are around, the relevant natural class might bedifferent
[x], [f], [t], [y]fricative
[s], [r], [R], [d]voiced
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetic Analysis
igoUtIst. eI pô"sn"
2v loU teIst moô IntSô@stId In hImsElf DIn In mi
EGOTIST: A person of low taste, more interested in himselfthan in me
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetic Analysis
igoUtIst. eI pô"sn"
2v loU teIst moô IntSô@stId In hImsElf DIn In mi
EGOTIST: A person of low taste, more interested in himselfthan in me
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology vs Phonetics
What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?
Phonetics:
Phonology:
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology vs Phonetics
What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?
Phonetics: the study of physical sounds.
Phonology:
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology vs Phonetics
What is the difference between phonetics and phonology?
Phonetics: the study of physical sounds.
Phonology: the study of the mental organizationof physical sounds particular to a given language.
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology vs Phonetics
Reality of Phonology
It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.
IPA English
[ta] ‘more’[tha] ‘location’[t¨a] ‘floating’
Conceptual Understanding
What does this data set show an example of?
MinimalPairs
Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology vs Phonetics
Reality of Phonology
It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.
IPA English
[ta] ‘more’[tha] ‘location’[t¨a] ‘floating’
Conceptual Understanding
What does this data set show an example of?
MinimalPairs
Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology vs Phonetics
Reality of Phonology
It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.
IPA English
[ta] ‘more’[tha] ‘location’[t¨a] ‘floating’
Conceptual Understanding
What does this data set show an example of? MinimalPairs
Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology vs Phonetics
Reality of Phonology
It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.
IPA English Phoneme
[ta] ‘more’ /t/[tha] ‘location’ /th/[t¨a] ‘floating’ /t
¨/
Conceptual Understanding
What does this data set show an example of? MinimalPairs
Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology vs Phonetics
Reality of Phonology
It is true that two different languages might treat the samephysical sound in different ways.
IPA English Phoneme
[ta] ‘more’ /t/[tha] ‘location’ /th/[t¨a] ‘floating’ /t
¨/
Conceptual Understanding
What does this data set show an example of? MinimalPairs
Why do many English speakers think these sounds are all/t/?
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Conceptual Questions
What is the difference between
Contrastive Distribution
Complementary Distribution
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Conceptual Questions
What is the difference between
Contrastive Distribution Phones appear in the sameenvironment. Evidence for the phones belongingto contrasting phonemes.
Complementary Distribution
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Conceptual Questions
What is the difference between
Contrastive Distribution Phones appear in the sameenvironment. Evidence for the phones belongingto contrasting phonemes.
Complementary Distribution Phones never appear in thesame environment. Evidence for the phonesbelonging to the same phoneme.
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Conceptual Questions
What is the difference between
Contrastive Distribution Phones appear in the sameenvironment. Evidence for the phones belongingto contrasting phonemes.
Complementary Distribution Phones never appear in thesame environment. Evidence for the phonesbelonging to the same phoneme.
Minimal pairs are the strongest evidence of contrastivedistribution, but are not the only evidence.
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Conceptual Questions
What is the difference between
Contrastive Distribution Phones appear in the sameenvironment. Evidence for the phones belongingto contrasting phonemes.
Complementary Distribution Phones never appear in thesame environment. Evidence for the phonesbelonging to the same phoneme.
Complementary disrtibution is not immedidate confirmationof allophony.
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Castillian Spanish Data Set
Look at [r] and [R]
Spanish IPA English
rojo [roxo] ‘red’rıo [rio] ‘river’rama [rama] ‘branch”caro [kaRo] ‘expensive’pero [peRo] ‘but’enrojecer [enRoxeTeR] ‘to redden’amar [amaR] ‘to love’subir [subiR] ‘to climb’hogar [ogaR] ‘hearth/home’cuadro [kwadRo] ‘frame’kruz [kRuT] ‘cross’
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Castillian Spanish Data Set
Look at [r] and [R]
Spanish IPA English
rojo [roxo] ‘red’rıo [rio] ‘river’rama [rama] ‘branch”caro [kaRo] ‘expensive’pero [peRo] ‘but’enrojecer [enRoxeTeR] ‘to redden’amar [amaR] ‘to love’subir [subiR] ‘to climb’hogar [ogaR] ‘hearth/home’cuadro [kwadRo] ‘frame’kruz [kRuT] ‘cross’
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Castillian Spanish Data Set
Look at [r] and [R]
Spanish IPA English
rojo [roxo] ‘red’rıo [rio] ‘river’rama [rama] ‘branch”caro [kaRo] ‘expensive’pero [peRo] ‘but’enrojecer [enRoxeTeR] ‘to redden’amar [amaR] ‘to love’subir [subiR] ‘to climb’hogar [ogaR] ‘hearth/home’cuadro [kwadRo] ‘frame’kruz [kRuT] ‘cross’
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Writing Phonological Rules
Prose: Phonological Input Goes To Phonetic Realization InThe Enviornment Of
Formula: /X/ −→ [Y] /
Castillian: /R/−→[r] / #
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Writing Phonological Rules
Prose: Phonological Input Goes To Phonetic Realization InThe Enviornment Of
Formula: /X/ −→ [Y] /
Castillian: /R/−→[r] / #
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
Linguistics 5MidtermReview1
Roslyn Burns
Format
Morphology
Concepts
Analysis
Phonetics
Concepts
Analysis
Phonology
Concepts
Analysis
Writing Phonological Rules
Prose: Phonological Input Goes To Phonetic Realization InThe Enviornment Of
Formula: /X/ −→ [Y] /
Castillian: /R/−→[r] / #
Roslyn Burns Linguistics 5 Midterm Review1
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