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Longitude and Latitude
Latitude and Longitude
Grade 4 Unit includes:
Compass Rose Definitions of latitude and
longitude Major lines of latitude Hemispheres Finding locations using
latitude and longitude
Objectives Students will be able to identify lines of
latitude on a map including Equator North Pole South Pole Antarctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Arctic Circle Tropic of Capricorn.
Students will be able to identify lines of longitude on a map including Prime Meridian
Objectives
Students will be able to locate all four hemispheres including Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere
Students will be able to identify which line divides the earth into the correct hemispheres.
Students will be able to find locations on map using longitude and latitude.
Materials Compass Rose Worksheet Globe World Map Latitude Worksheet Longitude Worksheet Different colors of yarn Scissors Matching Note cards Map of world showing latitude and
longitude Globe Bingo Worksheet Skittles Student minds
Compass Rose Map Hunt Latitude and Longitude Worksheet Signing Latitude and Longitude Yarning about Latitude and Longitude Match Latitude and Longitude Major lines of latitude worksheet Globe Says…activity about major lines of
latitude Globe Bingo
Activities
Pre-Assessment
Can you… draw and label a compass rose? identify the Equator and Prime Meridian on a map? label all the major lines of latitude on a map? Identify what line of latitude divides the earth into
the Northern and Southern Hemisphere? Can you identify these hemispheres on a map?
Identify what line of longitude divides the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemisphere? Can you identify these hemispheres on a map?
Compass Rose Map Hunt
Students will draw and label a compass rose.
Students will discuss why a compass rose is important.
Students will locate cardinal roses on various types of maps.
Students will discuss what a compass rose is used for and who uses a compass rose.
Latitude
Students will be introduced to latitude and longitude.
Students will complete the latitude worksheet.
Students will trace the equator in green and the other lines of latitude in blue.
Signing Latitude
Latitude: “I'm climbing the Ladder of
latitudes, latitudes, latitudes. I'm climbing the ladder of latitudes, all around the world.”
Longitude Students will be
introduced to longitude by looking at the globe.
Students will complete the lines of longitude worksheet.
Students will trace the Prime Meridian in orange and the other lines of longitude in yellow.
Signing Longitude
Longitude: “It's a LONG, LONG way
from pole to pole, pole to pole, pole to poleIt's a LONG, LONG way from pole to pole, so we call those LONGITUDES.”
“Yarning about Latitude and Longitude”
Students will participate in making a globe Four students will be in North, South, East, and
West positions Different colors of yarn will make
Lines of latitude Lines of longitude Equator Prime Meridian North Pole South Pole
Match Longitude and Latitude
Another name for lines of
longitudeMeridians
States that border Ohio
Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, West Virginia,
Kentucky
Direction that meridians run
North and SouthThe four cardinal
directions North, East,
South, West
Direction that parallels
runEast and West South Pole 90 S
Another name for lines of latitude
Parallels North Pole 90 N
Major line of latitude at 0
EquatorEquator divides
Earth into
Northern Hemisphere and
Southern Hemisphere
Major line of longitude at 0
Prime MeridianPrime Meridian
divides Earth into
Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere
Major lines of Latitude
Students will do the Major lines of latitude worksheet.
Students will locate the major lines of latitude on the map.
Students will identify the latitude degree of each major line of latitude.
North Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle South Pole
Major lines of latitude
Globe Says…
North Pole Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle South Pole
Students will complete the worksheet on the Students will complete the worksheet on the major lines of latitudemajor lines of latitude
After learning the major lines of latitude students will perform Globe says…. Body parts represent the major lines of latitude
Top of head – North Pole Ears – Arctic Circle Shoulders – Tropic of Cancer Waist – Equator Knees – Tropic of Capricorn Shins – Antarctic Circle Toes – South Pole
Globe Says
To review, students will be given a Blank Globe Bingo Worksheet.
Students will fill in the sheet before the next day’s class.
Globe Bingo
Globe Bingo
G L O B E
Word List
Equator Prime Meridian North Pole South Pole
Meridians Parallels East and West Cardinal Rose
Tropic of Cancer Antarctic Circle North and South East
Arctic Circle Tropic of Capricorn Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere
Students should be able to: Draw and label a Compass Rose Identify the major lines of latitude and longitude on a
map Correctly label all four Hemispheres on a map Find locations on a map using
latitude and longitude
Assessment
Social Studies for Kids: Basic Geography
http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/geography/latitudelongitude.htm BoatSafeKids: How are flat charts and maps
made of our round planet?http://www.boatsafe.com/kids/mercator.htm
Interactive Latitude and Longitude
http://www.geovista.psu.edu/grants/MapStatsKids/MSK_portal/concepts_latlg.html Map Stats for Kids
http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g3_u6/index.html
Websites for Students
Geography Classroom Game http://geography.about.com/od/teachgeography/a/classlatitude.htm
Great Teaching Tools
http://www.classbrain.com/artteach/publish/article_108.shtml
Latitude and Longitude
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/xpeditions/activities/01/popup/lat_long.html
Yarning about Latitude and Longitude
http://www.education-world.com/a_tsl/archives/02-1/lesson043.shtml
Websites for Teachers
Typical GraphThis is an example of a typical graph we are all familiar with.
The graph is made up of different “points” with lines that connect the points.
Typical GraphEach point has two values:
The “X” value that runs along the horizontal “X” axis
The “Y” value that runs along the vertical “Y” axis
Y axis
X axis
Typical GraphX value is always stated first
Followed by the Y value
The “origin” is the point where the 2 axes intersect with a value of (0,0)(0,0)
(3,8)Y
X
(9,5)
Typical GraphA point can also have negative (-) values
Negative X values are to the left of the origin (0,0)
Negative Y values are below the origin
X
Y
(-X,+Y)
(+X,-Y)
(+X,+Y)
(-X,-Y)
(0,0)
East West, North South on The Earth
Let the X axis be the Equator.
Let the Y axis be the Prime Meridian that runs through Greenwich outside of London.
Lat/Long are the 2 grid points by which you can locate any point on earth.
Y
X
East West, North South on the Earth Let each of
the four quarters then be designated by North or South and East or West.
N
S
EW
East West, North South on the EarthThe N tells us
we’re north of the Equator. The S tells us we’re south of the Equator.
The E tells us that we’re east of the Prime Meridian. The W tells us that we’re west of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W) (N, E)
(S, W) (S, E)
East West, North South on the Earth
That means all points in North America will have a North latitude and a West longitude because it is North of the Equator and West of the Prime Meridian.
(N, W)
Prime Meridian
East West, North South on the Earth
What would be the latitude and longitude directions in Australia?
Prime Meridian ?
If you said South and East , you’re right!
What is Latitude?Latitude is the
distance from the equator along the Y axis.
All points along the equator have a value of 0 degrees latitude.
North pole = 90°NSouth pole = 90°SValues are
expressed in terms of degrees.
Y
X
90°S
90°N
What is Latitude?
Each degree of latitude is divided into 60 minutes.
Each minute is divided into 60 seconds.
Y
X
90°S
90°N
This is also true of longitude.
What is Latitude?
For Example:37°, 02’,51’’NThis is close to the latitude where you live.
Y
X
90°S
90°N
What is Longitude? Longitude is the
distance from the prime meridian along the X axis.
All points along the prime meridian have a value of 0 degrees longitude.
The earth is divided into two parts, or hemispheres, of east and west longitude.
Y
X
180°W 180°E
What is Longitude?
The earth is divided into 360 equal slices (meridians)
180 west and 180 east of the prime meridian
Y
X
180°W 180°E
What is Latitude?
Our latitude and longitude might be:
37°, 03’,13’’N76°, 29’, 45’’W
Y
X
90°S
90°N
So Where is (0,0)?The origin point (0,0) is where the equator intersects the prime meridian.
(0,0) is off the western coast of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean.
See If You Can Tell In Which Quarter These Lon/Lats Are
Located
1. 41°N, 21°E2. 37°N, 76°W3. 72°S, 141°W4. 7°S, 23°W5. 15°N, 29°E6. 34°S, 151°E
A B
C D
1. B 2. A3. C4. C5. B6. D
See if you can find those same latitude/longitude locations on
a map!
Equator Latitude 0o
Latitude: (90oN to 90oS)
Latitude 23½o NorthTropic of Cancer
Latitude 23½o SouthTropic of Capricorn
Longitude 30o East
Longitude 60o East
Longitude 30o West
Longitude 60o West
Positioning on the Earth’s SurfaceEast is the direction of rotation of the Earth North Pole
South Pole
23½o 23½o
66½o 90o
900
21st June
22nd December
22nd Sept
20th March
30oE60oE90oE90oW30oW60oW
Longitude 90oEastLongitude 90o West
Prime Meridian
0o Longitude
Longitude: (180oE to 180oW)
Latitude and Longitude together enable the fixing of position on the Earth’s surface.
Now you’re ready to find some locations on a
map!
TIME ZONESMath and Geography
in Action
Earth’s Seasons
Why so many Time Zones?
North Pole
Line
s of
Lon
gitu
de
15°
1 revolution of Earth = 365.25 days6 hours x 4 years = Leap year& we catch up
1 rotation of Earth = 24 hours
Circle = 360°
360° /24 = 15° = 1 hour
Earth rotates 15° each hour
At the equator Earth ≈ 24,900 miles= 1037.5 miles in an hour
Likened to a Number Line
ADD and hourfor each time zone as you move EAST
SUBTRACT an hour for each time zone as you move WEST
- 0 +
Your place of origin
World Time Zones
Areas of the world on non-standard time 2 South Pacific islands India Afghanistan Nepal Iran Sri Lanka Newfoundland Central Australia Myanmar (Burma)
Non- Standard TimeThe deviation of time keeping from the standard time zone in which a place is geographically located. The usual deviation occurs in quarter hour increments, i.e. 15 minutes, 30 minutes, or 45 minutes.
USING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNEDTrue or False:If EVERY part of the statement is TRUE, write T. If ANY part of the statement is FALSE, write F.1. The earth makes one complete rotation every 24 hours.2. For every 15° of longitude, there is a difference of one hour in time.3. Time zones always have straight boundaries.4. It is 12 noon everywhere on the earth at the same time.5. The letters a.m. stand for the 12 hours before 12 noon.6. Post meridiem means the 12 hours after 12 noon.7. The line of longitude at 180° is called the Prime Meridian.8. When you travel across the International Date Line you stay in the
same day.9. When you cross the Prime Meridian, you stay in the same day.10.It takes one hour for the earth to rotate 15°.
True or False
1. In what areas of the world do you find non-standard time?2. You are in New York and you want to call someone in Rome, Italy, at
noon Rome time. When would you call?3. Assume that flying from New York to London requires 6 hours. When
would a flight leaving New York on a Wednesday at 6:00 p.m. arrive in London?
4. You are flying from Los Angeles to Moscow. You leave Los Angeles at 10:00 a.m. on Saturday and you arrive in Moscow on Sunday at 9:00 a.m. How many hours did you actually spend flying?
5. You are planning a flight from Bombay, India, to Washington, D.C., that must connect through several cities. You will leave Bombay on August 2, at 8:00 A.M., and will continue directly through Beijing and Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. What time is it in Washington, D.C., when you begin your trip? What will be the date when you arrive in Washington, D.C.?
6. If it is 3:00 p.m. in Greenwich, what time is it in Moscow?7. If it is 9:00 A.M. in Cape Town, what time is it in Washington, D.C.?8. If it is Tuesday, 4:30 p.m. in Japan, what day and time is it in Honolulu?9. If it is Friday, 8:15 A.M. in Rio de Janeiro what day and time is it in
Beijing?
Time it! Practice
Latitude and Longitude
Lines of longitude only
Equator added Other lines of
latitude added
Cross-sections through lines of latitude
Cross-section through line of longitude
Orange cut through lines of longitude
Orange cut through lines of latitude
Draw a map of this world.
There are 4 countries: Red, Light Green, Dark Green and Purple.
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude lines run east/west but they measure north or south of the equator (0°) splitting the
earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.
Latitude
North Pole
South Pole
Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° N.L. at the North Pole.
Lines of latitude are numbered from 0° at the equator to 90° S.L. at the South Pole.
][
90 8070
6050
40
2030
10
9080
70605040
2010
30
Latitude
The North Pole is at 90° N
The South Pole is at 90° S
The equator is at 0° latitude. It is neither north nor south. It is at the center between north and south.
40° N is the 40° line of latitude north of the equator.
40° S is the 40° line of latitude south of the equator.
Longitude Lines of longitude
begin at the Prime Meridian.
60° W is the 60° line of longitude west of the Prime Meridian.
The Prime Meridian is located at 0°. It is neither east or west
60° E is the 60° line of longitude east of the Prime Meridian.
W E
Longitude
Lines of longitude are numbered east from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line and west from the Prime Meridian to the 180° line.
PRIME MERIDIAN
West L
ongitu
de
East L
ongitu
de
180°
N
EW
S
North Pole
Prime MeridianThe Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° line split
the earth into the Western Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere.
Prime Meridian
Western Hemisphere
Eastern
Hemisphere
Places located east of the Prime Meridian have an east longitude (E) address. Places located west of the Prime Meridian have a west longitude (W) address.
SEPARATES 2 CALENDAR DAYS.
America to Asia – gain a dayAsia to America – lose a day
INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE180°
By combining latitude and longitude, any location can be
pinpointed
A location’s coordinates(____° N or S, ____ ° E or W)
W E
S North America is in the Northern Hemisphere
because it is north of the Equator. North America is in the Western Hemisphere because it is west of the Prime Meridian.
ApplicationN
Fractions of a Degree 1 degree = 60 minutes or 1 minute is 1/60th of a degree Use minutes if location is not directly on the latitude/longitude line Written ----- Degree/minute = XX° xx’ compass direction
30’ is half-way between degrees
The world rotates (spins) 360° in 24 hours. 360° / 24 hours = 15° per hour The world has 24 time zones, each l5° apart.
THERE IS A 1 HOUR TIME DIFFERENCE FOR EVERY 15° OF LONGITUDE
LONGITUDE AND TIME
The world rotates west to east (counterclockwise), time zones to the east are ahead of the those time zones to the west
Greenwich, England is the logical starting point for time
zones
EAST INCREASE Time is forward to all places to the east
WEST LESS Time is backward to all places to the
west
ANOTHER CHEESY SAYING
East Increase – West Less(1 hr per l5°)
If it 9 p.m. at Position D, what time is it at position C? Position B?
If it is 1 p.m. at Position X, at which location is the time 5 p.m.
Earth rotates west to east Solar time is based on the
position of the sunNIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH
Look at the East Coast of the United States. The lights are already lit.
California the sun is still visible.
This pictures shows AMERICAN CITIES at
night.
Saguenay
Ottawa
Sept-Iles
Mexico City
Québec
Montréal
St.John
Those light are Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Washington.
Toronto
Detroit
Miami
Havana
Puerto RicoHouston
Dallas
It’s still daylight in California
Thunder Bay
Port-au-Prince
NIGHT IS FALLING ON EARTH.
Look at Paris and Barcelona, the lights are already lit, meanwhile in London, Lisbon and
Madrid the sun is still visible.
Looking south, we can see the islands in the middle of the ocean.
We have a perfect view of the British Islands, Iceland and Canada.
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