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Enclosed Third Harmonic Filter THF and THFstarEnclosed units
Low Voltage Products
Brochure THFS1GB 03_041SCC330003C0201
2 Low Voltage Products
S01
521A
S01
521A
UPSUPS
The Third Harmonic - a Growing ProblemToday's electrical networks and plants are under much more stress than a decade ago. One reasonfor this is the increasing use of electric equipment that generate harmonics: in particular the thirdharmonic. This harmonic can generate exceptionally high neutral currents which can often exceed eventhe phase current.Equipment that generate harmonics:
• Fluorescent lighting systems • Computers • Welding equipment • UPS• Rectifiers • TV monitors • Microwave ovens
The Third Harmonic Causes Many Problems
In network:
• Overheating• Increased power losses• Poor quality of electricity• Electromagnetic fields• Malfunctions in earth fault control• Failure in remote control systems
In plants:
• Malfunction in electronics• Damage to capacitors• Power losses• Increased magnetic fields• Overload in neutral conductor• Cable fires• Abnormal temperature changes and noise in transformers• Nuisance tripping in circuit-breakers• Shorter life time
1,00
0,00
-1,00
L1L2L3
S00
248A
S00
248A
0,0000
000
000 30 600 90 12020 150
18080 210
2 240
240
270
3000
330
33
1,00
0,40
-0,40
-1,00
L1
3.L1
0,0000
0000
030 6060 90 12020 150
180080 210
2 2400
270
300
300
330
33
1,00
0,40
-0,40
-1,00
L2
3.L2
0,0000
000
0000
030 6000 909 120
120
150
1800
210
2 240
24040 270
30000 330
3
1,00
0,40
0,00
-0,40
-1,00
L3
3.L3
0,0000
0000
030 600 909 1202020 150
1800
210
21 24040 270
300000 330
3333
N
1,00
0,00
-1,00
0,00
000 30 6060 90 120
120
150
18080 210
240
240
270
30000 330
The third harmonics are accumulatedin the neutral conductor.
Problems are directly related to the harmonic content. The third harmonic found in the phase current appearsneutral thus increasing the neutral current. See illustration above.
3Low Voltage Products
L1
L2
L2
N
PE
110A
106A
103A
320A
L1
L2
L2
N
PE
8A
7A
6A
21ATHF_
21A
S01
528B
The Solution- The Third Harmonic FilterTHFstar
Example on how Third Harmonic Filter THFeffects on third harmonic currents.
Benefits of THF for lighting and mixed load
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
TNS
S00
250A
S00
250A
3,5
3
2,5
2
3,5
1
0,5
0
S01
527A
S0
5
Without THF With THF
Diagram indicating the level of magnetic field with and withoutThird Harmonic Filter, Hospital building.
Increased efficiency in low voltage network• Reduction in transmission losses• Increased loadability of the existing network
and switchboards• Lower temperature of cables, switchboards
and transformers• Elimination of third harmonic current in neutral
and phase conductor
Increased efficiency in lighting applianceand pc-load
• Less power or more lighting• Less maintenance• Longer lifetime of the lamps and capacitors
Reduced Magnetic fields• The reduction of third harmonic component of
the current reduces the total magnetic field• Diagram indicating an example of the total
magnetic field spectrum typically in variouslocations
patentedapplication
The third harmonic filter THFstar removes the thirdharmonic current from the network. The thirdharmonic currents generated by the single phaseloads flowing in the phase conductors sum up in theneutral conductor. The neutral current may be higherthan the phase current.The THF filter mitigates the third harmonic currentfrom the whole network from the luminances to thedistribution panel, main switchboard up to the supplytransformers medium voltage winding. The mitigationeffect is the same both at the line and load side.The filtering application is patented.
Transformer
Transformer
Load
Load
4 Low Voltage Products
Third harmonic filters THFstar and THF
Selection and dimensioning of the THFproduct range
Installation to the transformer star point, enclosed filters and system components,THFstar
The new generation third harmonic filter THFstar is designed for small size and economical solutions to places, which areespecially exposed by third harmonic currents. The filter can be installed outdoor in vicinity of transformer stations, as retrofittingto existing transformer station or as additional field of main switchboard. It is recommended to install the filter THFstar in PEN-conductor, whenever possible, equipped with appropriate protection unit THF1S_ .
DIMENSIONING: According to the supply transformerPROTECTION: Protection unit THFS1_S, 50Hz and 150 Hz measurement according to the mounting instruction
Network Rated current Transformer Enclosed Units System Input-Output Internalof the size components cable/ busbar connection to
TN-C, TN-S transformer kVA Indoor Outdoor IP 00 the filterA IP30 IP34
8001) 630 THFS500US1 THFS400A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase900 630 THFS630S1 THFS630U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor
THFS630A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase1250 1000 THFS1000S1 THFS1000U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor
THFS1000A1 Acc. to phase 33% of phase2500 1600 THFS1600S1 THFS1600U1 + THF 1_S conductors conductor
3200 2000 THFS1600S1x2 THFS1600U1x2 THFS630A1x2 Acc. to phase 33% of phaseconductors conductor
Installation for distribution boards in TN-S-system, enclosed filter and system components, THF
THF filters are designed in TN-S-systems to provide selective mitigation of isolated groups with local or central compensation.The THF is normally installed in the load side neutral output of UPS-devise. THF is dimensioned according to the group fuses. Incase the dimensioning is below 100% it is recommended to use additional protection unit. The filter types THF 25...160NVinclude guard units to keep track of the PE-current in the area of 4...10 A.
DIMENSIONING: According to the group fuse- rated current = rated current of the fuse linkPROTECTION: Guard unit (_V), 150Hz measurement from PE-conductor of the group
Network Rated current Enclosed Units System Cross-section Internalof the components Input-Output connection to
TN-S group fuse Indoor IP30 IP 00 cable the filterA mm2 mm2
25 THF25NV THF63NB 663 THF63NV THF63NB 16125 THF125NV THF63NB x 2 35160 THF160NV THF63NB x 3 50250 THF125NLV + THF125N THF63NB x 4 95 35
L1 L2 L3THF
S0
15
44
A
N(PEN)
L1 L2 L3THF
S01
545A
N
PE
L1 L2 L3THF
S01
544A
N(PEN)
L1 L2 L3THF
S01
545A
N
PE
Note: System components in brochure THFS 2 GB
Note: System components in brochure THFS 2 GB
The size of the THF-filters is selected according to thesupply transformer or back up fuses. The protection unitneeds to be used, in case the dimensioning exceeds thethermal rating of the filter.
The basis of dimensioning is that the filter withstands the150Hz voltage and the fundamental neutral currentgenerated by the phase unbalance.
The THFstar filters are tested according to the highestpossible short circuit current or back up fuse.The filter is not suitable for applications including largelydimmer loads. Please consult with us.
5Low Voltage Products
Enclosed third harmonic filters THFstar
Installation to transformer star point. The delivery includes protection unit, by-pass contactorand switch as well as the overload proof current transformer.
Enclosed third harmonic filters THFstar, THFOrdering informationTechnical information
Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type Order Weight[kVA] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling /Busbar Code [kg]
500 800 1050 x 360 x 1200 2 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 500US11) 300630 900 654 x 654 x 2260 2 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 630S1 400
(max 4 cables)1000 1450 654 x 654 x 2260 4 x 150 mm2 Cu THFS 1000S1 520
(max 6 cables)1600 2300 840 x 654 x 2260 Busbar 2x10x120 THFS 1600S1 650
6 x 150 mmm2 Cu
Outdoor use IP 34. Includes base element, cabling from bottom
Transformer size Dimensions Input-Output Type Weight[kVA] [A] L x S x K [mm] Cabling / Busbar [kg]
630 900 1050 x 360 x 1200 2 x 150mm2 Cu THFS 630U1 310(max 4 cables)
1000 1450 1050 x 720 x 1200 4 x 150mm2 Cu THFS 1000U1 450(max 6 cables)
1600 2300 1050 x 720 x 1200 Busbar 2x10x120 THFS 1600U1 5506 x 150 mmm2 Cu
THFS_U1
Group Connection Dimensions Protection Type Order Weightfuse cable (Cu) (LxSxK) degree Code[A] [mm2 ] [mm] [kg]
Third harmonic filters including guard unit and by-pass contactorCurrent transformer of the relay, cable diameter max. 27 mm, is included in the delivery.
25 6 250x180x400 IP 30 THF 25NV 1SCA022388R0700 1963 16 400x230x600 IP 30 THF 63NV 1SCA022374R8260 43125 35 400x230x1000 IP 30 THF 125NV 1SCA022374R8340 76125 95 and 150 400x230x1400 IP 30 THF 125NLV 1SCA022378R6190 83160 50 and 70 800x230x1000 IP 30 THF 160NV 1SCA022374R8420 110
Third harmonic filters without guard unit and by-pass contactorCan be used parallel with NV- and NLV- types.
63 16 400x230x600 IP 30 THF 63N 1SCA022325R0860 43125 35 400x230x1000 IP 30 THF 125N 1SCA022325R1080 76125 95 and 150 400x230x1400 IP 30 THF 125NL 1SCA022358R9010 83160 50 and 70 800x230x1000 IP 30 THF 160N 1SCA022325R1240 110
THF
Strömberg
Test
Aut
OK
ByPassTest
Reset
R
S01
536A
Enclosed third harmonic filters THFInstallation to TN-S-system. Filter suitable for voltage ≤ 690V. Steel sheet enclosure.
THF 63NV
THF 1BS
Example on 1600kVAfilter joints
THFS_S1
MNS
NOI
OO
FF
FILTER BYBASS
S01
552A
NOTE: THF 125 NL include space for parallel connection of several filters.
THF
Strömberg Test
OKByPass
Test
RReset
0
12090
6030
50/60Hz Error
50/60Hz150/180Hz Error
150/180Hz
Aut
o
S00
977A
THF 1S
Indoor use IP 30. Cabling from bottom or top
1) Cabling from bottom
For increased protection of THFProtection unit
Back up Terminals Dimensions Protection Type Order Weight fuse (HxWxD) degree Code
[mm2] / Cu [mm] [kg]
Open type 10A 2.5 190x350x150 IP00 THF1BS 1SCA022457R7560 4.6100x400x150 THF1BSMNS 1SCA022437R8010 4.6
Enclosed 10A 2.5 400x350x150 IP44 THF1S 1SCA022468R9360 15(Sheet steel)
A1 A
2
18 171 2A
B
A1 A
2
18 171 2A
B
A1 A
2
18 171 2A
B
230V~ 50/60Hz
SM 115230
0
8
64
2
10
230V~ 50/60Hz
SM 115230
0
8
64
2
10
S00
978A
Current transformers
Current Overload Type Orderratio value code
250/1 800A KORE 06F1-250/1THF 1SCA022458R4260
6 Low Voltage Products
THF
L1
L2L3
PEN
L1
L2L3
THF
S01
22A
S01
522A
THF
L1
L2
L3
The third harmonic filters THFstar are installed in the neutral- or PEN-conductor between theunearthed transformer star point and the neutral busbar of the distribution board.All neutral and earth currents need to be conducted through the current transformer of the protectionunit. The protection unit is connected to reliable auxiliary voltage source.
Installation of THFstar filters in transformer circuitsin TN-C system
In TN-C -system the THFstar filter is installed in the transformer star point. There must be no earthing between thestarpoint of the transformer and the incoming terminal of THFstar filter.
Incorrect installation
Because of earth current, THFstar
filters cannot be installed in thePEN conductor of a four-conductorsystem.
Incorrect installation
Earthing is allowed onlyafter THFstar filter.
Approvals
SGS-FIMKO Oy' s certification on use in neutral conductor.No standards available sofar.Approval in EU area acc. to CENELEC Memorandum 7.CE certificate
Test
I
O
230 VACN
PE3 X 1,5 mm2
PEN
10 A
N
PE
MAINDISTRIBUTIONBOARD
INPUT OUTPUTTRANSFORMER
L1 L2 L3N
THFS_
PEN
PEN
S01
061A
N(PE)
Protectionunit
Enclosed third harmonic filters THFstar
Installation to the transformer star point
Standards
IEC 439-1+ IEC 76-1IEC 289IEC 831-1/2
7Low Voltage Products
Protection unit
The purpose of the protection unit is to limit the fundamental unbalance current, protect THFstar foroverloading and to detect the increased third harmonic current due to network failure or failure ofTHFstar.
The protection unit THF1_S and current transformer are included in the delivery. The protection unitinclude 50Hz and 150Hz measurement circuits. The current transformer need to be installed sothat all neutral and vagabonding currents pass through it to the star point of the transformer.In case of failure the protection unit is closing the by-pass contactor of the filter.
Installation of THFstar in the star points of parallel transformers orgenerators
THF I >K1
PEN
PEN
S00
985A
S00
985A
A1
B1
A2
B2
GEN.
D
S00
982A
S00
982A
A1
B1
A2
B2
S00
983A
S00
983A
A
B
S00
984A
S00
984A
THFstar is installed between points A and B. The isolation resistance after the point B needs to be measured overRe > 50 kΩ. The filters in both star points, N-conductors- need to be controlled simultaneously.
Alternative ways of installation:
8 Low Voltage Products
Size of THF Recommended cable size of neutral conductors
feeding Quantity & Type Neutral Cables betweenfuse conductor f i l ters
in-out Cross section[ A ] Cross section
25 1 x THF 25NV 6 mm2 -
63 1 x THF 63NV 16 mm2 -
125 1 x THF 125NV 35 mm2 -
160 1 x THF 160NV 50 mm2 -
200 1 x THF 160NV + 1 x THF 63N 70 mm2 16 mm2
NPE
THF
L1
L2L3
S01
523A
S01
523A
NPE
THF
L1
L2L3
Installation of THF filter for distributionboards TN-S -system
TN-S -system
In TN-S system the THF filter can be installed in the neutral conductor. The network must be a pure TN-Ssystem. Fault current monitoring is recommended. Before the installation the state of TN-S-system shall beverified by measuring the isolation resistance in the poles where THF is to be installed.It is advisable to install the filter in the transformer star point even in TN-S-system. In that case there is no150 Hz voltage between N and PE. See installation of THFstar filter for transformer circuits on page 6.
Selection of filter for distribution boards in the TN-S-system
The THF filter is installed in the neutral conductor. A filter is sized according to the distribution board orthe fuse, which is supplying the group. The basis of the factory dimensioning of the filter is the fact that afilter installed in the neutral conductor bears, in addition to the 150 Hz current, a 50 Hz component whichmay reach 100 % of the phase current (fully asymmetrical load).
In TN-S –system the neutral and PE shall be connected in onepoint only, when the THF filter is installed in the neutral conductor,there cannot be any connections between N and PE in theloadside.
~=
~=
UPS
THF
STATICBYPASSSWITCH
BATTERY
SUPPLY NETWORK
LNPE
UPS NETWORK
LNPE
MANUALBYPASSSWITCH
S01
018A
S01
018A
Installation example UPS. THF-filter is installed in theload side output terminal of the neutral conductor.
9Low Voltage Products
L1L2L3
NPEN
THF Protectionunit
K1
10A
S01
524B
THFstar
L1L2L3
PEN
THF_NV
100A0 GUARD
S01
525A
S01
525A
Guard unit
The THF-units for TN-S-system include guard unit (_V).The purpose of guard unit is to supervise the network conditionby measuring the level of the current of the PE-conductorof the group. In case the PE-current exceeding the set level inthe area of 4A…10A, the guard unit closes the by-pass contactorof THF and can give an alarm.If increased protection is needed, the group fuse is bigger thanthe rated current of the filter, or in case of large cable diameters,the THF-filters can be provided with an extra protection unit andcurrent transformer. In those cases the THFstar is recommended.The protection unit is controlling the by-pass contactor of theTHF in case of large 50 Hz current or when the 150Hz currentexceeds the set limit. The current transformer is installed inthe PE-conductor alt. the PEN-conductor depending on theinstallation.
THF equipped with quard unit. THF equipped with optional protection unit.
THF installed in neutral conductor of TN-S system equipped withquard unit. Measurement from PE conductor.
THFstar filter installed in neutral conductor of TN-S system equippedwith optional protection unit. Measurement from N and PE conductors.
THF
Strömberg
Test
Aut
OK
ByPassTest
Reset
R
S01
536A
L1L2L3PE
N
Load Load Load
Aut.
OK THF
3 5 1
4 6 2 14 22
Test
Test
L1
1 3
2 4
R
K2
S1 S2
K1
S2 21
22
6
78
I >t
9
43
2
S1
5
F110A
S01
533A
S01
533A
L1L2L3PE
N
Load Load Load
Aut.
ByPa
ss OK THF
3 5 1
4 6 2
13 21
14 22
Test
F110A
Test
L1
1 3
2 4
R
K2
S1 S2
K11
S2 21
22
6
78
I >t
910
43
2
1
A1
A2K1
A1
A2K11
5
S1
1
2
S01
534A
S01
534A
Connection example: THF filter with guard unit
THF25NVTHF63NVTHF125NVTHF160NV THF125NLV
10 Low Voltage Products
MNS
NOI
OO
FF
FILTER BYBASS
S01
552A
Specification of harmonic filterExample THFstar
Check THFstar filters
Type: THFS 1600 S1Rated voltage: 400VDimensioning according to the transformersize:1600 kVARemoves the third harmonic current from thephase and neutral conductorDimensioning current/ Max continuouscurrent: 2250A/ 800ADimensioning voltage: 40V 150HzThe filter allows subsequent increasing of theharmonic load without retrofittingShort circuit dimensioning according to max.available short circuitThe filter is stand along type and not influencingon the power factor compensationThe filter is not influencing on carrier- wave-line.Main incoming breaker: Max. time delay: 0,2 sTerminations: Max six cables of 300mm2
The filter is equipped with by-pass switch for commisoning
Stand along enclosure:• indoor use IP30• outdoor use IP34
Accommodation:• In the vicinity of transformer station• Retrofitting to the transformer station• In the main switchboard
The THFstar removes typically 95% of the third harmonic current from the whole network fromline and load side independent of the magnitude of the third harmonic current. For examplethe neutral current reduces from 450A down to 25A and in the phase conductors from 150A to10A. The same mitigation prevails in the whole network from the transformer windings to thelamps and computers.The magnetic field from the construction and earthing wiring reduces typically by 50% due tomitigation of the vagabonding currents ( 50% of magnetic field usually of 150 Hz origin).
The iron, copper and resistance losses reduce the temperature and noise level of the supplytransformer doubling the lifetime of the transformer by every 8 degrees C.The filter reduces the resistance losses (I2R) For example:Before: (450A)2 x 0,1 Ω = 2025 WFilter installed: (25A)2 x 0,1 Ω = 62,5 WThe filter include protection unit, which limit the 50Hz unbalance current and 150Hz faultcurrent
Installation and commissioning:The installation of THFstar is in theory easy but in practice certain points have to bechecked :
Ensure by measurement that there is no parallel current path to the filterCheck up also the possible influence of parallel transformers or generatorsEnsure that the filter is installed in the right location. The neutral conductor from thestar point of the transformer is the recommended place.Check up that the current measurement is right. The CT shall always measure thesum of all neutral and earth currents of the network.Check up the relay setting of the protection unit.Check up that there is no largely dimmer loads.Read mounting instruction 34THF1S
11Low Voltage Products
Installation examples
Transformer
L1 L2 L3 N PE
NL1L2L3
Earthingelectrode
Concrete ironfitting
Water meter
Main switchboard
X
Main earthing busbar
X
-S
THFS
S01
541B
Transformer
L1 L2 L3 PEN
Main switchboard
L1 L2 L3 N PE
L1L2L3PE
N
-S
-V
Earthing electrode
Concreteiron fitting
Water meter
Distribution switchboard
Main earthing busbar
-V
L1L2L3
N
-S
Earthing busbarof transformer station
THF
THFS/THF
THFS
Distribution swtichboard
1)
S01
543B
L1L2 L3 N PE
Main switchboard
L1 L2 L3 N PE
L1L2L3PE
N
-S
-V-V
L1L2L3
N
-S
S01
542B
THF1)
THFS/THF
THFS
Transformer
Earthing electrode
Concreteiron fitting
Water meter
Distribution switchboard
Main earthing busbarEarthing busbarof transformer station Distribution swtichboard
TN-C-S systemAlternative installation exampleswhen using THFstar with protectionunit(_S) or THF with guard unit(_V).
TN-S systemAlternative installation examplewhen using THFstar with protectionunit(_S) or THF with guardunit(_V).
TN-S-system, where the originalcabling to the transformer starpoint need to be displaced tofundamentally same position inthe N-conductor of the mainswitchboard.THFstar installation.
1) In this installation model, thecurrent transformer need tomeasure both N- and PE-current,unless additional guard unit is used.
S01
549A PE
N THFS
ABB OyLow Voltage ProductsP.O. Box 622FIN-65101 VAASA, FinlandTelephone +358 10 22 11Telefax +358 10 22 45708www.abb.com/lvswitches
The technical data and dimensions are valid at thetime of printing. We reserve the right to subsequentalterations. B
roch
ure
TH
FS
1GB
03_
041S
CC
3300
03C
0201
Waa
sa G
raph
ics
Oy,
Vaa
sa F
inla
nd
The operations of the manufacturing plant have been certified.
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