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Pathological and histopathologicalfindings in lungs of calves
at the pathology department
Prof. S. Perl
Head, Division of Pathology, KVI
Presentation for the “Hachaklait” 2006
Lung- examination
Postmortem
• Conductive system: nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
Histology
• Transitional system: bronchioles
• Gas exchange system: alveoli
Lung – postmortem examination
• Lungs are examined before incision
• Color
• Texture
• Distribution of lesions
Estimation of pulmonary lesions:
- percentage (%) of lungs affected
Classification of pneumonias
1. Presumed etiology: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, verminous pneumonia, mycoticpneumonia, chemical pneumonia
2. Type of exudation: catharrhal pneumonia, suppurative pneumonia, fibrinous pneumonia,
necrotic pneumonia
3. Morphologic features: gangrenous pneumonia,
granulomatous /pyogranulomatous pneumonia,proliferative pneumonia, embolic pneumonia
Classification of pneumonias
4. Distribution of lesions: focal pneumonia, cranioventral pneumonia, diffuse pneumonia,
lobar pneumonia
5. Epidemiologic attributes: enzootic pneumonia,
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia,
shipping fever pneumonia
6. Miscellaneous attributes:
Cuffing pneumonia, progressive pneumonia,
aspiration pneumonia
Classification of pneumonias -most common in calves
Morphologically types:
- bronchopneumonia
- interstitial pneumonia
- lobar pneumonia
- embolic pneumonia
- granulomatous pneumonia
Classification of pneumonias
According to distribution
- cranioventral
- focal as in embolic pneumonias
- diffuse as in interstitial pneumonias
- locally extensive as in granulomatous
pneumonias
Bronchopneumonia
Most common type of pneumonia
Cranioventral consolidation of the lung
Factors contributing:-
a. shortness and abrupt branching of airways
b. greater depositions of infectious organisms
c. inadequate defense mechanism
d. reduced vascular perfusion
e. gravitational sedimentation of exudate
f. regional differences in ventilation
Bronchiolitis - obstructive
Bronchiolitis - obstructive
Bovine pneumonias - etiologies
• Viral: BRSV, PI3, IBR, MCF
• Bacterial: Pasteurella m.haemolytica
Pasteurella multocida
Haemophilus somnus
Streptococcus spp- beta & al- hemolytic
E. coli
• Mycotic pneumonia
• Parasitic pneumonia
Bovine pneumonias - specific
pathogens
• Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. bovis)
• Enzootic pneumonia – unclear etiology
(viruses PI3, BRSV, IBR, BVD,
Mycoplasma & bacteria + stress)
Viral pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
Interstitial pneumonia
IBR - INIB
IBR - import from Australia
BRSV
BRSV
BRSV
Lung – cranioventral consolidation
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchoalveolar pneumonia
Lung – cranioventral consolidation
Lung – cranioventral consolidation
Embolic pneumonia
Embolic pneumonia
Embolic pneumonia
Suppurative pneumonia
Pleuritis and pneumonia
Pleuritis and pneumonia
Lobar pneumonia
Pasteurella multocida
Cranioventral subacute to chronic
Haemophilus somnus
Lung – hemorrhage -hemothorax
Fibrinopurulent pleurits
E. coli
Fibrinopurulent pleurits
E. coli
No bact. faund
Pleuritis fibrino - purulent
Granulomatous pneumoniaGranulomatous pneumonia
Granulomatous pneumonia
Granulomatous pneumonia
Granulomatous pneumoniaGranulomatous pneumonia
Bovine KVI – 03/350744
Mycotic pneumonia granulomatous
Mycotic pneumonia
KVI – 04/451572
Mycotic pneumonia
Shipping fever pneumonia
import from Australia
6/2000
Shipping fever pneumonia
Interlobular edema and pneumonia
Shipping fever pneumonia
Lung edema
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Immunohisto negative for Mycoplasma
Bronchopneumonia
Mycoplasma bovis – immunohisto 450860/04
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma bovis – immunohisto 450860/04
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Mycoplasma bovis – immunohisto 450860/04
Pasteurella multocida & M. bovis
Pneumonia chronic with emphysema
Parasitic pneumonia
Parasitic pneumonia
Parasitic pneumonia
Bovine lung - pathOlogy & immunohistochemistry
2006
18
8
22
79
27
2 21
40
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Bron
choa
lveo
lar
Supp
urat
ive
acut
e
Nec
rotiz
ing
Pyog
ranu
lom
atou
s
Foca
l P
.
Nec
rosu
ppur
ative
Inte
rstitia
l
Aspira
tion
P
Embo
lic
(puru
lent
Myc
opla
sma
( IHC
BRSV
Pneumonia
no.
Series1
11820%
2Strep.
4BRSV
12E.Coli
5Haemophilus Somnus
8Arkanobact .Pyogenes
13Pasteurella Multocida
2M.Spp
3M. Alkalescens
4M. Bovirhinis
21M. Bovis
8M. Arginini
5NO Isolation
Isolates
Recommended