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Entry TaskHow may some salt be removed from the ocean?
• When organisms, such as fish, are removed from the ocean.
What is the unit of measurement used for dissolved salts in the
ocean? What is the average salinity of the ocean?
• Parts per thousand (0/00)
• 35 0/00
HousekeepingSummative assessment next Tuesday, 27 Mar.
• Unit_03 Nature of Seawater
• One 3x5 index card (front & back) will be allowed.
Early release schedule next week, Wednesday - Friday,
28-30 Mar.
• Sending out progress reports by the end of this week.
Nature of SeawaterA lot of missing lab workbooks. Earn some credit by completing
part 3 of the lab.
Grab a ChromeBook from the cart.
• Be sure to grab the number that corresponds to the number
on your desk.
• Go to the “Our Acidifying Ocean” website @
http://i2sea.stanford.edu/AcidOcean/AcidOcean3.htm (You
can also navigate to the site by searching for “Our Acidifying
Ocean” & Stanford).
• Navigate through part 3 of the virtual lab, complete all
questions on the workbook.
Note: “The Acidifying Ocean” virtual lab workbook can be
located on the Marine Science webpage @ link:
https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6601
Entry TaskBased on part 3 of the virtual lab, what does percent loss mean?
Explain.
• Ocean acidification produces less calcium carbonate,
therefore organisms have less to create internal structures &
are smaller.
HousekeepingSummative assessment next Tuesday, 27 Mar.
• Unit_03 Nature of Seawater
• One 3x5 index card (front & back) will be allowed.
Early release schedule next week, Wednesday - Friday,
28-30 Mar.
• Sending out progress reports by the end of this week.
Nature of SeawaterSeawater: So Much to See, So Little to Drink
• Some salt is removed when organisms, such as fish, are
taken from the ocean.
Nature of SeawaterSalinity: Water & Salt
• Amount of dissolved salts in seawater is measured in parts of
dissolved salts per 1,000 parts water (parts per thousand 0/00)
• Average salinity of the ocean is 35 parts per thousand
(35 0/00)
Salinity: Water & Salt
• Salinity differs from one
• Some bodies of water are they are in
hot, dry areas.
• Areas with high evaporation & low
precipitation such as:
- Mediterranean Sea
- Red Sea
- Dead Sea
- Persian Gulf
- Great salt Lake
- Gulf of Mexico
Nature of SeawaterSalinity: Water & Salt
• Salinity differs from one location to another.
• Some bodies of water are considered hypersaline because
they are in hot, dry areas.
Nature of SeawaterSalinity: Water & Salt
• Salinity can also differ according to latitude.
• 20° north & 20° south latitudes the salinity is about 36 0/00
What do you think the salinity is like at the equator?
?
Salinity: Water & Salt
• Rivers & streams enter
ocean freshwater.
• Salinity can also change with
- Halocline, where a rapid
change in salinity exists
between 100 & 200 meters.
- Salinity increases because
water temperature
decreases.
Nature of SeawaterSalinity: Water & Salt
• Rivers & streams enter oceans along coastlines, providing
freshwater.
• Salinity can also change with depth.
Temperature of the Ocean: From
• Surface temperature varies by
• Deeper water is always colder than
surface waters.
• Remember: warm water is lighter
(less dense) & remains above
colder heavier (dense) water.
• A thermocline exists beneath the
surface of the ocean, where it
would feel like a sudden burst of
cold.
Nature of SeawaterTemperature of the Ocean: From Freezing to Warm
• Surface temperature varies by latitude & season
Nature of SeawaterTemperature of the Ocean: From
• Surface temperature varies by
• Light does not support
photosynthesis & plant growth
beyond 100 m.
• Beyond 200 m there is complete
darkness.
Light in Ocean Waters
• On average, light reaches to about 20 m below the surface of
the ocean.
Entry TaskWhat conditions lead to hypersaline waters?
• High evaporation & low precipitation.
What is the transitional area called where there is a rapid
change in salinity? Where does it occur?
• Halocline
• Between 100 & 200 m
HousekeepingSummative assessment next Tuesday, 27 Mar.
• Unit_03 Nature of Seawater
• One 3x5 index card (front & back) will be allowed.
Early release schedule next week, Wednesday - Friday,
28-30 Mar.
• Sending out progress reports by the end of this week.
Nature of SeawaterDissolved Gases in Seawater
• Seawater contains dissolved gases
from mixing with air in the
atmosphere.
• Most common dissolved gases:
nitrogen, carbon dioxide, & oxygen.
• Both plants & animals are
responsible for removing &
replacing gases in seawater.
Nature of SeawaterDissolved Gases in Seawater
• Plants take in & release both
oxygen & carbon dioxide in
processes known as
photosynthesis & respiration.
• Animals undergo respiration
burning oxygen to release energy
from food & exhale carbon dioxide
Nature of SeawaterCO2: Buffering Seawater
• Extreme shifts in CO2
concentrations (acid or base)
could threaten or kill many
organisms.
• Constant chemical reactions in
seawater maintains a pH range
of 7.5 to 8.5 supporting marine
life.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Battery Acid
Gastric Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
Soda
Acid Rain
Black Coffee
Urine/Saliva
*Pure Water
Seawater
Baking Soda
Milk of Magnesium
Ammonia
Soapy Water
Bleach
Drain Cleaner
Acidic (Acid)
[H+] > [OH-]
Neutral
[H+] = [OH-]
Alkali (Base)
[H+] < [OH-]
Nature of SeawaterCO2: Buffering Seawater
• Essential to the buffering chemical reaction is carbon dioxide.
• Buffering maintains the necessary pH range.
- Without this buffering system, few marine animals could
survive changes in ocean pH.
Nature of SeawaterDesalination: A New Source of Freshwater
• Increases in world population & industry have endangered
freshwater supplies.
• Scientists have begun developing desalination methods to
process saltwater into freshwater, such as:
- Distillation
- Filtration
- Crystallization
http://www.roplant.org/contents.asp?Depth1=6&Depth2=1
Nature of SeawaterSummary
• Earth’s water is salty & through
evaporation & precipitation it is purified &
free of salt.
• Brackish water has low salinity, while
hypersaline has high salinity.
• Surface temperature varies & is warmer
at the equator than the poles.
• Deeper water is colder because the sun
warms the surface & a thermocline exists
where temperature drops rapidly.
https://www.vernier.com/products/sensors/temperature-sensors/gw-
temp/https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/hypersaline/index.html
Nature of SeawaterSummary
• Of the three most common dissolved gases,
CO2 is especially important because it
buffers the pH of seawater.
• Overuse & contamination has led to
shrinking freshwater supplies & so scientists
experiment with different desalination
methods.
https://www.wonderwhizkids.com/salty-oceans https://marlperezwork.weebly.com/-freshwater-pollution.html
Entry TaskWhat are the two processes that take out & replace dissolved
gases in seawater?
• photosynthesis & respiration.
What are the methods used by scientists for desalination?
• Distillation
• Filtration
• Crystallization
HousekeepingProgress reports going out tomorrow, 23 Mar.
Summative assessment next Tuesday, 27 Mar.
• Unit_03 Nature of Seawater
• One 3x5 index card (front & back) will be allowed.
Early release schedule next week, Wednesday - Friday,
28-30 Mar.
Nature of SeawaterSummary
• Earth’s water is salty & through
evaporation & precipitation it is purified &
free of salt.
• Brackish water has low salinity, while
hypersaline has high salinity.
• Surface temperature varies & is warmer
at the equator than the poles.
• Deeper water is colder because the sun
warms the surface & a thermocline exists
where temperature drops rapidly.
https://www.vernier.com/products/sensors/temperature-sensors/gw-
temp/https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/hypersaline/index.html
Nature of SeawaterSummary
• Of the three most common dissolved gases,
CO2 is especially important because it
buffers the pH of seawater.
• Overuse & contamination has led to
shrinking freshwater supplies & so scientists
experiment with different desalination
methods.
https://www.wonderwhizkids.com/salty-oceans https://marlperezwork.weebly.com/-freshwater-pollution.html
Formative AssessmentGrab a ChromeBook from the cart.
• Be sure to grab the number that corresponds to the number
on your desk.
Log into goggle classroom & complete the formative
assessment “Unit_03 Nature of Seawater Formative
Assessment 1” on your own.
• No notes
• This will not affect your grade, it is a measure of what you
currently know about the Nature of Seawater.
• This will inform you & I about what areas we need to focus on
before the summative assessment.
Hold onto your ChromeBooks for next assignments.
Nature of SeawaterUnit_03 Nature of Seawater Practice #3
• Complete both sides of the worksheet.
• Information will be on the summative assessment.
Note: The “Unit_03 Nature of Seawater Practice 3” worksheet
can be located on the Biology webpage @ link:
https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6601
Nature of SeawaterKahoot study question development.
• Grab a separate sheet of paper that can be turned in.
• Construct 5 multiple choice questions from your assigned
section of reading.
- Even # = Introduction (p. 61) - Differences in Salinity (p. 65)
- Odd # = Temperature (p. 65) - Summary (p. 68)
• Must include 4 answers; one correct & 3 reasonable, but
incorrect
• This is a scored assignment.
Entry TaskGrab a copy of the “Unit_03 Nature of Seawater Lab Activity #1”
worksheet from the front counter.
• Read through the lab activity.
HousekeepingProgress reports going out tonight.
Summative assessment next Tuesday, 27 Mar.
• Unit_03 Nature of Seawater
• One 3x5 index card (front & back) will be allowed.
Early release schedule next week, Wednesday - Friday,
28-30 Mar.
Nature of Seawater“Unit_03 Nature of Seawater Lab Activity #1”
• Read through the lab activity.
• Work with your team to collect all required data & record data
within your worksheet.
• Answer the analysis questions.
• When complete, turn in lab activity worksheet & complete
Kahoot review questions.
Note: The “Unit_03 Nature of Seawater Lab Activity 1”
worksheet can be located on the Biology webpage @ link:
https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6601
Nature of SeawaterKahoot study question development.
• Grab a separate sheet of paper that can be turned in.
• Construct 5 multiple choice questions from your assigned
section of reading.
- Even # = Introduction (p. 61) - Differences in Salinity (p. 65)
- Odd # = Temperature (p. 65) - Summary (p. 68)
• Must include 4 answers; one correct & 3 reasonable, but
incorrect
• This is a scored assignment.
Nature of SeawaterUnit_03 Nature of Seawater Practice #4
• Complete both sides of the worksheet.
• Information will be on the summative assessment.
Note: The “Unit_03 Nature of Seawater Practice 4” worksheet
can be located on the Biology webpage @ link:
https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6601
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