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Measuring theSustainability of Tourism (MST)
Introduction to MST:
Measuring the Sustainability of
Tourism
Why MST?
“[..] is a continuous process
and requires constant
monitoring of impacts”
Sustainable Tourism
“Tourism that takes full
account of its current and
future economic, social and
environmental impacts,
addressing the needs of
visitors, the industries, the
environment and host
communities”
• UN 2030 Agenda: understand and monitor the
role of tourism in achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals
• To support policy and track progress, Member
States need data that is comparable,
comprehensive and coherent between
national – subnational
Data gap: Tourism statistics currently focuses
on economic impact. Need statistics on
tourism’s social and environmental aspects.
Aspects of MST
UNSD / UNWTO supported macro
project with 3 key lines of work:
1. Development of a statistical standard
2. Implementation in countries: pilots,
capacity building
3. Data collection / reporting
Developing a statistical
framework
Development of SF-MST follows a standard UN process
Multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement
Innovation in statistics, 1st statistical framework to integrate:
• 3 pillars of sustainability
• Global, national, regional & local
Advantages of statistical approach: trust, comparability, relevance, (spatial)
coherence
Build on existing statistical standards
• SNA, TSA, SEEA, Labour
1993 1996
Today
1999 20052000
Nice Conference on the Measurement of
the Economic Impact
of Tourism (1999)
Iguazú
Conference on “The Tourism Satellite
Account (TSA):
Understanding Tourism
and Designing Strategies”
(2005)
Adoption of TSA (Tourism Satellite Accounts)
(2000)
2004 2008 2014 2015 2016 / 2017
The Guidebook
on Indicators of Sustainable
Development for
Tourism Destinations
(2004)
International
Recommendations for Tourism Statistics (2008)
Development of Tourism Statistics over time
RTS(Recommendations on
Tourism Statistics) (1993)
2009
UNWTO/INRouTe
Handbookon sub-national measurement
and analysis of tourism
SEEA/Tourism“linked tourism and
environmental economic
accounts (SEEA-TSA)”
Update of TSA (Tourism
Satellite Account: Recommended
Methodological Framework) (2008)
Revised Guidebook on
Indicators of Sustainable Development for
Tourism Destinations
UNWTO/INRouTeSub-national Measurement
and Analysis –
Towards a Set of UNWTO
Guidelines (2013)
2013
Bali Conference on Tourism: An Engine
for Employment Creation
(2009)
UNWTO/ ILOMeasuring Employment in
the Tourism Industries –
Guide with Best Practices
(2014)
SDG / SCP / 10 YFP
What tourism
managers need to
know A practical guide to the
development and use of
indicators of sustainable
tourism (1996)
Placing SF-MST in context
Key benefits of SF-MST• The foundation for providing a single, coherent and complete picture of the
sustainability of tourism
• A common language for discussing the sustainability of tourism
• The ability to compare the performance of the tourism sector and the impacts of different policies on a consistent basis
• A basis for • identifying and assessing opportunities to use new data sources • improving co-ordination in data collection and organization, • improving the effectiveness of training and capacity building, improving
institutional arrangements for the management of statistics on tourism.
Implementation in countries
Pilots
Pioneering implementation to test relevance & feasibility
Austria, Canada, Cabo Verde (pending), Fiji, Germany, Italy, Mexico,
Netherlands, Philippines, Saudi Arabia and Sweden and more in the
pipeline
MST Implementation Toolkit
• Readiness Assessment tool
• Introductory module on MST in related Capacity Building initiatives
• Regional Capacity building Workshop
• Technical assistance
How is MST governed?
UNWTO Committee
onStatistics
UN Statistical
Commission
MST WorkingGroup
MST Editorial Board
(Philippines)
Subgroupon SDGs(Austria)
Subgroupon
employment(ILO)
Subgroup onimplementation
(Canada)
Subgroupon social
(Italy)
Subgroupon
subnational(France)
Consensus building:
✓ UN process
✓ Global Consultations
✓ International Conferences
(Manila Call for Action)
✓ Liaising with relevant
international groups
Members of MST Working Group
Austria Georgia Malaysia Portugal
Argentina Germany Mexico Saudi Arabia
Cabo Verde Indonesia Mozambique South Africa
Canada Ireland Netherlands Spain
Egypt Italy Oman Sweden
France Fiji Philippines Uruguay
What are the sustainability
issues to be addressed?
Sustainable tourism: Policy interests
Discussion: For your country what are the key policy interests in regard to tourism? Note that this can cover the impacts of tourism on the economy, the environment and/or on local communities.
Economic issues:
Environmental issues:
Social issues:
Spatial scales: National / Regional / Destination
Possible issuesEconomic Environmental Social
▪ Water▪ Energy▪ Waste▪ GHG emissions▪ Land▪ Ecosystems▪ Biodiversity▪ Protected areas/parks▪ Natural resources
▪ Tourism industryvalue added
▪ Tourism establishments
▪ Tourism employment
▪ Visitors numbers▪ Visitors
expenditure▪ Investment &
infrastructure
▪ Community▪ Health outcomes▪ Education▪ Income & wealth▪ Decent work▪ Governance▪ Human rights▪ Accessibility▪ Culture/heritage▪ Security
Demands for data
What information do you currently use to support the policy issues raised above?
What information would you like to have that is currently not available to develop, support and monitor evidence based tourism policy?
Tables of the SF-MST
SF-MST Tables: Economic
SF-MST Tables: Employment
Environmental tables
Environmental flows• Water
• Energy
• GHG emissions
• Solid waste
Environmental assets• Land
• Land cover (beaches, reefs, mountains, etc) and land use
(accommodation, recreation, national parks)
• Water
• Wildlife
• Ecosystems
SF-MST Tables: GHG emissions
SF-MST Tables: Wildlife
SF-MST: Social concepts
SF-MST: Social aspects (1)
Social context:
• Income and wealth distribution; Poverty
• Health; Nutrition
• Housing and access to services such as water, sewerage andenergy
• Education and literacy
• Personal security, safety, crime, peace
• Human rights – discrimination, empowerment, social equity
• Subjective well-being / Life satisfaction.
SF-MST: Social aspects (2)
Decent work
Institutions and governance
Perception and experience
Visitors and host communities
Accessibility
Culture and heritage
SF-MST: Spatial aspectsSF-MST recommends developing, progressively, a regional tourisminformation system (R-TIS)
Core themes of interest within an R-TIS:
• Visitor flows including both international and domestic visitors
• Accommodation
• Characteristics of tourism businesses in the region
• Visitor expenditure
• Employment and jobs in tourism industries
• Decent work
• Resident population
• Household income (average and distribution)
• Environmental flows: water use, energy use, GHG emissions, solidwaste
• Land use and land cover
Examples of MST pilots
SF-MST: Examples
SF-MST: Examples
Philippines
https://webunwto.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/imported_images/50458/wge_mst_2nd_item_3.1.2.pdf
Sweden
https://webunwto.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/imported_images/51342/19th_statcom_item_6.1_pres.pdf
Sustainable tourism: Matchingdata and policy interests
Discussion: Does your country have data to start measuring the key policy interests identified earlier?
Economic data:
Environmental data:
Social data:
If you don’t know – which agencies would you ask? Are their international data sets you might consider?
SF-MST: Lessons
Getting started is possible – data are available
Modular approach is needed – don’t think about doing everything at once
Clarify the policy question first, make measurement relevant to context
Extension of TSA to integrate environmental flows is the most common entrypoint
Further testing needed to demonstrate use of MST at destination level
Clear potential of a common framework to allow for exchanging experiencesand better supporting decision making
Summary: Continuing the
journey of tourism statistics
Tourism = visitors& industries(basictourismstatistics)
Why?
• Confusion, users needed a common language
• More and more people travelling for tourism purposes
• Awareness that tourism is demand side phenomenon
How?
• statistical approach
• scientific, cognisant of other official statistics, comparability, stable yet flexible, aspirational (existing ≠needed), user-centric
What?
• UN consensus / standard
• Compilation Guide, capacity building, training, technical assistance
• Most comprehensive global database
Tourism = economic impact(Tourism SatelliteAccount)
Why?
• Awareness about tourism’s economic role + developmentpotential
• Need for credibility
How?
• System of National Accounts “satellite” (magnifying glass ontourism)
• Linking demand + supply
• GDP, GVA, (full time equivalent) jobs (≠ persons employed)
What?
• UN consensus / standard
• Capacity building, training, technical assistance
• Tourism Direct GDP, production accounts
• ± 90 countries with TSA
• Economic impact studies
Tourism = economy, environment, society(MeasuringtheSustainabilityof Tourism)
Why?
• Better measure to better manage
• 2030 Agenda/SDGs + UN Statistical Commission
• Manila Call for Action 2017
How?
• Statistical approach
• Standing on the shoulders of giants
• Structured, multidisciplinary engagement
• Continuous pilot testing + feedback loops
What?
• Economic, social, environmental + spatial
• UN endorsement
• Countries have tool to produce more relevant, comparable, spatially coherent data
• Implementation roadmap
• SDG tourism indicators database
Innovation.Consensus.
Information.Measuring tourism for the betterment of people, planet and prosperity
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