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Tadeusz Jan Jopek

Astronomical Observatory

Poznań Poland

Meteoroid streams and

their parent bodies

2

(Kresak 1985)

Masses in the Universe

3

4

170 Mkgyear of meteoroids

falls into the Earth atmosphere

(Ceplecha Z 1992 in Proc Of the Intern Astron

Symp Smolenice Slovakia July 6-12 1992 165

Fot Pierre Thomas

(LST) ENS Lyon

Graphica R Baldini

Fot Policja Municypalna w Enschede

ET~1000 EH

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

2

(Kresak 1985)

Masses in the Universe

3

4

170 Mkgyear of meteoroids

falls into the Earth atmosphere

(Ceplecha Z 1992 in Proc Of the Intern Astron

Symp Smolenice Slovakia July 6-12 1992 165

Fot Pierre Thomas

(LST) ENS Lyon

Graphica R Baldini

Fot Policja Municypalna w Enschede

ET~1000 EH

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

3

4

170 Mkgyear of meteoroids

falls into the Earth atmosphere

(Ceplecha Z 1992 in Proc Of the Intern Astron

Symp Smolenice Slovakia July 6-12 1992 165

Fot Pierre Thomas

(LST) ENS Lyon

Graphica R Baldini

Fot Policja Municypalna w Enschede

ET~1000 EH

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

4

170 Mkgyear of meteoroids

falls into the Earth atmosphere

(Ceplecha Z 1992 in Proc Of the Intern Astron

Symp Smolenice Slovakia July 6-12 1992 165

Fot Pierre Thomas

(LST) ENS Lyon

Graphica R Baldini

Fot Policja Municypalna w Enschede

ET~1000 EH

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

COBEDIRBE ndash infrared sky

Mass contribution in the Solar System

bull Sun 9985

bull Planets 0135

bull Comets ~001

bull Moons 000005

bull Asteroids ~00000002

bull Meteoroids ~00000001

bull Interplanetary dust ~00000001

Zodiacal dust near

the ecliptic plane

Interstellar dust near

the Galactic plane

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

6

Cosmic nature origin of meteors meteorites

NonsensWell perhaps hellip

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

7

Baroque

Izaak Newton (1642-1727)

the interplanetary space has to be free of

matter for not to disturb the course of

planets and comets

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

8

Antoine-LaurentLavoisier

(1743-1794)

Honey there are no stones on

the sky so stones canrsquot fall from

the sky

Darling you know

everythinghellip

Age of Enlightenment

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

9

Age of Enlightenment

Peter Simon Pallas(1741-1811)

700 kg iron mass fallen from the sky

in Siberia near Krasnoyarsk

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

10

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

11

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni(1756-1827)

copy Marvin UB 1996 Meteoritics amp Planetary Science 31 545-588

Age of Enlightenment

AD 1794This book is

a shame

Friedrich Heinrich Alexander Humboldt(1769-1859)

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

12

LrsquoAigle (Orney Normandie F) 1803 April 26

Stony meteoritic shower

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

13

LrsquoAigle 1803 April 26

Meteoritic shower

Jean-Baptiste Biot(1774-1862)

A first strewnfield mapping

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

14

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

15

AD 1807

Politicians and meteorite fall

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)

Gentlemen I would rather

believe that two Yankee

professors would lie than

believe that stones fall from

heaven

Leonids 1833

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

16

Denison Olmsted

(1791-1851)

Giovanni V Schiaparelli

(1835-1910)

Johann G Galle

(1812-1910)

William F Denning

(1848-1931)

Ernst Jujlius Oumlpik

(1893-1985)

Fred L Whipple

(1906-2004)

Lubor Kresak

(1927-1994)

Zdenek Ceplecha

1929-2009

Hubert A Newton

(1830-1896)

Meteor astronomers

Cuno Hoffmeister

(1892-1968)

Douglas O ReVelle

(1945-2010)

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

17

Radiant concept

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

18

Radiant concept

Geocentric parameters VG G G Tobs

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Meteors Division of the Israeli Astronomical

Association

Sternberg Observatory

(Germany)

Visual observations of meteors

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

Campain ndash Leonids 2009

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

21

17-18 November 2009

Leonids 2009 (IMO (2010)

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

22

Double station photographic meteor observations

iaetObs rr

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

23

MORP

Canada

All-sky EN (Czechoslovakia)

CCCP

PN

USA

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

24

Baker-Schmidt meteor camera

1950-ties

F =20 cm

F- number - F065

Field of view - 55 deg

Jacchia Whipple 1957 SCoA 1 183

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

25

Automatic bolide photographic camera(Ondrejov Cz)

copy P Spurny

3530 mm Zeiss Distagon

Detectors sound clear sky light up

rain snow

Pentuim II Linux

RAM 128 MB HD 40 GB

Modem Internet card

video grabber

Cards AD i DA

SW

Receivers DCF 77 GPS

UPS

32 flate films

Rotating shutter

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

26

Video meteor cameras

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

27

European Fireball Network

copy httpwwwdlrdepfdesktopdefaultaspxtabid-6231043_read-1425

httpwwwpkimorgq=plnode200

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

28

Meteor radio observations

Meteor Radar in Ondrejov n Prague

Meteor radar station

on the South Pole

B Lovell

Jordel Bank

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

29

Infrasound meteor network

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

The airplane meteor detections PJenniskens

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

31

Śmieci w przestrzeni

kosmicznej

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

E Gruen R Srama M Rachev A Srowig D Harris

T Conlon S Auer

Impact mass analyzerTrajectory sensor

configuration

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

33

Origin of meteoroids

Gaseous ejection from the comet

Often and regular mechanism

Giotto mission ESA

HST WFPC2 NASA

Hale-Bopp at 7 AU

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

34

Physics of the meteoroid ejection from comet

tyConductivinSublimationReradiatioSun

UsedSun

E E E E

EE

Energy balance

gsspgcpm FFFFF

Forces acting on the meteoroid particle

cc

mm

cmc GR

Rr

m

kT

nH

R

r

F r ) RV(R

3

8

4

38 250

50

0

2

Meteoroid ejection velocity (Whipple 1951)

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

35

Meteoroid ejection velocity

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

36

Meteoroid ejection velocity

F F F gcpm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

37

Origin of the meteoroids disruption of comet

bull ~40 cases of comet splitbull splitting velocity 0hellip10 ms

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

38

Origin of meteoroids destructive collisions between asteroids comets

Science P Michel P Tanga

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

39

Origin of meteoroids cratering of comets asteroids hellip

9PTempel (Deep Impact NASSA)

951 Gaspra (Galileo NASSA)

Cratering - more frequent than destructive collisions less efficient

21 Lutetia (Rosseta mission)

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

40

Origin of meteoroids planetary close encounters

Boulders on

433 Eros surphace

Mission Near NASSAMission Near NASSA

ShL9 after

tidal disruption

bull tidal mechanism (Veres et al 2008)

bullmore often than collisions

25143 Itokawa

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

41

bull YORP induced spin-up and rotational fisson

Over tens of millions of years a rubble-pile asteroid less than 10 kilometers in diameter can spin

up to a speed that allows the asteroid to split in two forming a proto-binary system If the smaller

companion is less than 60 percent the size of the larger asteroid they will gently separate from

one other at a relatively low velocity The system will eventually become an asteroid pair

or divorced asteroid (Image Pravec et al)

Origin of meteoroids YORP effect

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

42

Definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles originated

from a comet an asteroid as result of

bull ejection from the comet surface

bull comet explosion disruption

bull collision between asteroids comets

bull cratering of the comets asteroids

bull tidal splitting during close encounters

bull YORP rotational fission

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

43

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage I

Swarm of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

0030[kms] 30

[kms] 10

orb

ejec

V

V

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

44

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

45

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

46

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

47

Evolution of a meteoroid stream

Stage II

Stream of meteoroids

cmcm rrrr

17-18 November 2009

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

48

Stream a [AU] q [AU] P [y] Rotations

Geminids 14 014 166 96

Draconids 35 10 655 108

Leonids 103 099 331 35

Orionids 18 059 764 15

Lyrids 56 092 419 6

Aurigids 153 068 1983 2

Stage II Stream of meteoroids (Plavec 1954)

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

49

Daytime Piscids

(R Rudawska 2010)

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

51

Alpha Scorpiids

(R Rudawska 2010

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

52

Stream and sporadic

meteoroids

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

53

Searching for meteoroid

streams and

their parent bodies

o given ~103-104 orbits of meteoroids (sporadic stream component)

and NEOrsquos

o find all streams their members + their parent bodies

o probability to identify group of 2 3 4 hellipmembers by chance

should be smaller than 5 (reliability level 95)

Bringing up a problem

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

55

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

56

Comet 55P1866 and Leonids meteor stream

GV Schiaparelli

Ch P Olivier 1925 Meteors Williams amp Wilkins Company

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

57

Meteoroid streams and their parent bodies History

bull C1861 - Lyrids (Pape (1861)Galle (1867)Weiss (1867))

bull 109P1862 - Perseids (Schiaparelli 1866)

bull 55P1866 - Leonids (Schiaparelli 1866)

433 Eros -- in AD 1898 first NEA was observed

bull meteoroid showers may be associated width asteroids

Olivier(1925) Hoffmeister (1937) Whipple (1938)

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

58

Searching for meteoroid streams

-- mm rrM

Tiqe M

TEehM

TU M

TCCC 321 MA quasi phase-space concept

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

59

Searching for meteoroid streams

A distance between

meteoroids Mj and Mk

kjjk FD MM

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

60

Searchind for meteoroid streams

Orbital (dynamical) similarity between Mj and Mk

Cjk DD kjjk FD MM

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

61

Searching for meteoroid streams

Cluster analysis algorithm

CkMMk DFD MM

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

62

Cluster analysis ndash single linkage algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

63

How to find similarity threshold DC

o using magic value 015

o by democratic approach

o using formula (Southworth and Hawkins 1963)

o by statistical approach

250

36020

NDC

Searching for meteteoroid streams

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

64

Operational definition of a meteoroid stream

Meteoroid stream a set of particles identified by

a searching method

bull a distance function

bull a similarity threshold DC

bull a cluster analysis algorithm

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