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7/30/2019 Mis Session1
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1
Telecommunications
and
Networks
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Trends in Telecommunications
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)
Industry
More competitive
More options for the firm
Technology
Unrestricted connectivity
Easy access for end users
Open systems
Use common standards for hardware,software, applications, & networking.
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)
Technology (continued)
High degree of interoperability
Digital networks
Higher transmission speeds
Moves larger amounts of information
Greater economy
Lower error rates
Multiple types of communications on thesame circuits
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)
Technology (continued)
Fiber-optic lines & cellular, PCS, satellite& other wireless technologies
Faster transmission speeds
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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)
Business applications
Dramatic increase in the number of
feasible telecommunication applications.
Cut costs, reduce lead times, shorten
response times, support e-commerce,
improve collaboration, share resources,
lock in customers & suppliers, & developnew products & services
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7Business Value of Telecommunications
Networks
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The Internet
A network of networks
Popular uses
Instant messaging
Browsing the World Wide Web
Newsgroups and chat rooms
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The Internet (continued)
The business value of the Internet
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Intranets
Within an organization
Uses Internet technologies
Business value of Intranets
Used for information sharing, communication,collaboration, & support of business processes.
Web publishing
Comparatively easy, attractive, & lower costalternative for publishing & accessing
multimedia business information
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Intranets (continued)
Business Operations & Management
Used for developing & deploying critical
business applications
Supports operations and managerial
decision making
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Extranets
Network links that use Internet technologies to
interconnect the firms intranet with the
intranets of customers, suppliers, or other
business partners
Consultants, subcontractors, business
prospects, & others
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Extranets (continued)
Business value
Improve communication with customers andbusiness partners
Gain competitive advantage inProduct development
Cost savings
MarketingDistribution
Leveraging their partnerships
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Telecommunications Network Alternatives
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A Telecommunications Network Model
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A Telecommunications Network Model (continued)
Consists of five basic components
Terminals
Any input/output device that uses
telecommunication networks to transmit
or receive data
Telecommunication processors
Support data transmission and reception
between terminals and computers
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A Telecommunications Network Model (continued)
Telecommunications channels
The medium over which data aretransmitted and received
ComputersInterconnected by telecommunications
networks
Telecommunications control softwareControl telecommunications activities &
manage the functions of telecommunicationsnetworks
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Types of Telecommunications Networks
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Cover a large geographic area.
Local Area Networks (LAN)
Connect computers & other informationprocessing devices within a limited physical
area.Connected via ordinary telephone wiring,
coaxial cable, or wireless radio & infraredsystems
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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)
Virtual Private Networks
A secure network that uses the Internet as
its main backbone network, but relies on fire
walls and other security features
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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)
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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)
Client/Server Networks
Clientsend user PCs or NCs
Serverhelps with application processing
and also manages the network
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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)
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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)
Network computing
the network is the computer
Thin clients process small application
programs called applets.
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A Telecommunications Network Model (continued)
Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
Two major models
Central server architecture
Pure peer-to-peer
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Telecommunications Media
Twisted-pair wire
Coaxial cable
Minimizes interference and distortion
Allows high-speed data transmission
Fiber optics
Glass fiber that conducts pulses of light
generated by lasersSize and weight reduction
Increased speed and carrying capacity
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Telecommunications Media (continued)
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Wireless Technologies
Terrestrial Microwave
Line-of-sight path between relay stations
spaced approximately 30 miles apart.
Communications Satellites
Geosynchronous orbits
Serve as relay stations for communications
signals transmitted from earth stations
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Wireless Technologies (continued)
Cellular & PCS Systems
Each cell is typically from one to several
square miles in area.
Each cell has its own low-power transmitter
or radio relay antenna.
Computers & other communications
processors coordinate & control the
transmissions to/from mobile users as they
move from one cell to another
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Wireless Technologies (continued)
Wireless LANs
Spread spectrum
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
Wireless Web
Uses Web-enabled information appliancesVery thin clients
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Telecommunications Processors
Modems (modulation/demodulation)
Changes signals from analog to digital and
back to analog
Multiplexers
Allows a single communication channel to
carry simultaneous data transmissions from
many terminals
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Telecommunications Processors (continued)
Internetwork Processors
Switches
Makes connections between telecomm
circuits so a message can reach its
intended destination
Router
Interconnects networks based on different
rules or protocols
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Telecommunications Processors (continued)
Hub
Port switching communications processor
Gateway
A processor that interconnects networks
that use different communications
architecture
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Telecommunications Software
Provides a variety of communications support
services including connecting & disconnecting
communications links & establishingcommunications parameters such as
transmission speed, mode, and direction.
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Telecommunications Software (continued)
Network Management
Traffic management
Security
Network monitoring
Capacity planning
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Network Topologies
Star
Ties end user computers to a central
computer
Considered the least reliable
Ring (sometimes called Token Ring)
Ties local computer processors together in a
ring on a more equal basis.
Considered more reliable & less costly
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Network Topologies (continued)
Bus
Local processors share the same bus, or
communications channel
Tree is a variation which ties several bus
networks together
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Network Topologies (continued)
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Network Architectures & Protocols
Protocols
A standard set of rules & procedures for the
control of communications in a network
Standards for the physical characteristics of
cables and connectors
Network Architecture
Goal is to promote an open, simple, flexible,
efficient telecommunications environment
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Network Architectures and Protocols (continued)
OSI Model
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
Used by the Internet and all intranets and
extranets
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Bandwidth Alternatives
Bandwidth is the frequency range of a
telecommunications network
Determines the channels maximum
transmission rate
Measured in bits per second (bps) or baud
Narrow-band
Low-speed transmission
Broadband
High-speed transmission
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Switching Alternatives
Circuit switching
Packet switching
Cell switching
Recommended