Mis Session1

7/30/2019 Mis Session1

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Telecommunications

and

Networks


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Trends in Telecommunications


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Trends in Telecommunications (continued)

Industry

More competitive

More options for the firm

Technology

Unrestricted connectivity

Easy access for end users

Open systems

Use common standards for hardware,software, applications, & networking.


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Technology (continued)

High degree of interoperability

Digital networks

Higher transmission speeds

Moves larger amounts of information

Greater economy

Lower error rates

Multiple types of communications on thesame circuits


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Technology (continued)

Fiber-optic lines & cellular, PCS, satellite& other wireless technologies

Faster transmission speeds


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Business applications

Dramatic increase in the number of

feasible telecommunication applications.

Cut costs, reduce lead times, shorten

response times, support e-commerce,

improve collaboration, share resources,

lock in customers & suppliers, & developnew products & services


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7Business Value of Telecommunications

Networks


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The Internet

A network of networks

Popular uses

E-mail

Instant messaging

Browsing the World Wide Web

Newsgroups and chat rooms


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The Internet (continued)

The business value of the Internet


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Intranets

Within an organization

Uses Internet technologies

Business value of Intranets

Used for information sharing, communication,collaboration, & support of business processes.

Web publishing

Comparatively easy, attractive, & lower costalternative for publishing & accessing

multimedia business information


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Intranets (continued)

Business Operations & Management

Used for developing & deploying critical

business applications

Supports operations and managerial

decision making


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Extranets

Network links that use Internet technologies to

interconnect the firms intranet with the

intranets of customers, suppliers, or other

business partners

Consultants, subcontractors, business

prospects, & others


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Extranets (continued)

Business value

Improve communication with customers andbusiness partners

Gain competitive advantage inProduct development

Cost savings

MarketingDistribution

Leveraging their partnerships

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Telecommunications Network Alternatives

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A Telecommunications Network Model

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A Telecommunications Network Model (continued)

Consists of five basic components

Terminals

Any input/output device that uses

telecommunication networks to transmit

or receive data

Telecommunication processors

Support data transmission and reception

between terminals and computers

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Telecommunications channels

The medium over which data aretransmitted and received

ComputersInterconnected by telecommunications

networks

Telecommunications control softwareControl telecommunications activities &

manage the functions of telecommunicationsnetworks

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Types of Telecommunications Networks

Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Cover a large geographic area.

Local Area Networks (LAN)

Connect computers & other informationprocessing devices within a limited physical

area.Connected via ordinary telephone wiring,

coaxial cable, or wireless radio & infraredsystems

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Types of Telecommunications Networks (continued)

Virtual Private Networks

A secure network that uses the Internet as

its main backbone network, but relies on fire

walls and other security features

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Client/Server Networks

Clientsend user PCs or NCs

Serverhelps with application processing

and also manages the network

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Network computing

the network is the computer

Thin clients process small application

programs called applets.

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Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Two major models

Central server architecture

Pure peer-to-peer

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Telecommunications Media

Twisted-pair wire

Coaxial cable

Minimizes interference and distortion

Allows high-speed data transmission

Fiber optics

Glass fiber that conducts pulses of light

generated by lasersSize and weight reduction

Increased speed and carrying capacity

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Telecommunications Media (continued)

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Wireless Technologies

Terrestrial Microwave

Line-of-sight path between relay stations

spaced approximately 30 miles apart.

Communications Satellites

Geosynchronous orbits

Serve as relay stations for communications

signals transmitted from earth stations

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Wireless Technologies (continued)

Cellular & PCS Systems

Each cell is typically from one to several

square miles in area.

Each cell has its own low-power transmitter

or radio relay antenna.

Computers & other communications

processors coordinate & control the

transmissions to/from mobile users as they

move from one cell to another

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Wireless Technologies (continued)

Wireless LANs

Spread spectrum

Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)

Wireless Web

Uses Web-enabled information appliancesVery thin clients

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Telecommunications Processors

Modems (modulation/demodulation)

Changes signals from analog to digital and

back to analog

Multiplexers

Allows a single communication channel to

carry simultaneous data transmissions from

many terminals

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Telecommunications Processors (continued)

Internetwork Processors

Switches

Makes connections between telecomm

circuits so a message can reach its

intended destination

Router

Interconnects networks based on different

rules or protocols

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Telecommunications Processors (continued)

Hub

Port switching communications processor

Gateway

A processor that interconnects networks

that use different communications

architecture

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Telecommunications Software

Provides a variety of communications support

services including connecting & disconnecting

communications links & establishingcommunications parameters such as

transmission speed, mode, and direction.

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Telecommunications Software (continued)

Network Management

Traffic management

Security

Network monitoring

Capacity planning

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Network Topologies

Star

Ties end user computers to a central

computer

Considered the least reliable

Ring (sometimes called Token Ring)

Ties local computer processors together in a

ring on a more equal basis.

Considered more reliable & less costly

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Network Topologies (continued)

Bus

Local processors share the same bus, or

communications channel

Tree is a variation which ties several bus

networks together

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Network Topologies (continued)

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Network Architectures & Protocols

Protocols

A standard set of rules & procedures for the

control of communications in a network

Standards for the physical characteristics of

cables and connectors

Network Architecture

Goal is to promote an open, simple, flexible,

efficient telecommunications environment

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Network Architectures and Protocols (continued)

OSI Model

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet

Protocol

Used by the Internet and all intranets and

extranets

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Bandwidth Alternatives

Bandwidth is the frequency range of a

telecommunications network

Determines the channels maximum

transmission rate

Measured in bits per second (bps) or baud

Narrow-band

Low-speed transmission

Broadband

High-speed transmission

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Switching Alternatives

Circuit switching

Packet switching

Cell switching

Documents

Mis Session1