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NASA ESTO Technologies Investment Strategy Update 2016 Decadal Update
Azita Valinia
NASA Earth Science Technology Office June 15 2016
Earth Science Technology Forum Annapolis, MD
• Survey the 2016 state-of-the-art in active/passive optical and microwave technologies as they pertain to Earth science measurements
– Last surveys were done in 2004-2006
• Identify capability gaps needed to enable Earth science goals
• Adjust investment strategy as needed
2016ESTOLidarReport(pre-publica:on)
Objec&ves:
ESTO 2016 Investment Strategy Update
Lidar and Microwave Technologies Survey and Strategy Update
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
JPLWorkshopOct28
GSFCDec1
LaRCWorkshops
Jan7
CommunityForumJan27
Final Report
LidarSurveyandCapabilityGapsTimeline
h1ps://esto.nasa.gov/LidarStrategies/index.html
20162015
MicrowaveSurveyandCapabilityGapsTimeline
Jan Mar July
JPLWorkshopJan212016
GSFCWorkshopJan282016
CommunityForum
March2016
Final Report
2016 2016
PassiveOp:calTechnologiesSurveyBeginsSeptember2016
Lidar Technologies Survey and Strategy Update
• TechDevelopmentSta:s:cs• ScienceMeasurementAreas• TRLAdvancements
• LidarTechnologiesStateoftheArt• Airborne• Space• LidarTechnologiesCapabilityGaps
Laser Remote Sensing Applications and Techniques
Doppler Lidar • Wind Field
High-Precision Ranging & Altimetry • Geodetic Imaging • Vegetation Structure/Biomass • Earth Gravity Field
Backscatter Lidar • Clouds • Aerosols • Phytoplankton Physiology • Ocean Carbon/Particle Abundance
Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) • Carbon Dioxide • Ozone, Water Vapor
Project Distribution According to Science Measurement
CrossCuSng18%
Winds12%
AtmosphericComposi:on35%
Topography/Ranging14%
Biological/PhysicalOceanography2%
RiskReduc:on19%
CrossCuSng
Winds
AtmosphericComposi:on
Topography/Ranging
Biological/PhysicalOceanography
RiskReduc:on
3.02.6
3.23.1
2.2
4.8
4.0 4.03.7
2.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
IIP ACT ATI LRRP Other
TRL
Avg.TRL_In
Avg.TRL_Out
TRL Advancement for Completed Laser Related Tasks Pe
rcen
tageofT
asks
TRLAdvancement FinalTRL
Program
The Lidar Technology Needs Landscape
Adapted and updated from: Laser Radar: Progress and Opportunities in Active Electro-Optical Sensing (NRC, 2014).
Laser Remote Sensing Taxonomy: Suborbital
LaserRemoteSensing
Al=metry,Geode=cImaging
DirectDetec=on
PhotonCoun=ng
SingleDetector
GeigerMode
LinearMode
ArrayDetector
GeigerMode
LinearMode
Analog
SingleDetector
SinglePulse
FullWaveform
ArrayDetector
SinglePulse
FullWaveform
CoherentDetec=on
RealAperture Synthe=cAperture
SingleDetector
ArrayDetector
Other
SpeckleImaging,Pupil
Plane
FourierTelescopy
Spectral
Mul=-Wavelength
DIAL(atmospheric
gases)
DirectDetectPulsed
IPDA(pulsed,cw)
PRNWaveforms
FMDIAL
CoherentDIAL/IPDA
Other
Raman
Fluorescence
Elas=cBackscaOer
Vibrometry,Acous=cs Atmospheric
Clouds,Aerosols,Dust
Mul=-Wavelength
Polarimetric
Winds
Direct
Coherent
Auto-covariance
TemperatureProfiles
Rayleigh
Boltzmann
Key:
Suborbital-Proven (TRL 7-9) Developmental (TRL 4-6) Experimental (TRL 1-3)
LVIS
ALIRT,MACHETE
ESFL,CZMIL
LASE,GOLD
PD-IPDA,CHARM-F
AMIR-DIAL,CO2LAS
MFLL
AOL,RASL
AOL A2D,TWiLiTE ALIMA
TODWL,DAWN FeLidar
OAWL
AMIR-DIAL
SALTI
SALTI
MABEL MABEL
ARNL,CPL
CPL
ALHAT
ALV
CZMILALTM
Adapted and updated from: Laser Radar: Progress and Opportunities in Active Electro-Optical Sensing (NRC, 2014).
Laser Remote Sensing Taxonomy: Space
LaserRemoteSensing
Al=metry,Geode=cImaging
DirectDetec=on
PhotonCoun=ng
SingleDetector
GeigerMode
LinearMode
ArrayDetector
GeigerMode
LinearMode
Analog
SingleDetector
SinglePulse
FullWaveform
ArrayDetector
SinglePulse
FullWaveform
CoherentDetec=on
RealAperture Synthe=cAperture
SingleDetector
ArrayDetector
Other
SpeckleImaging,Pupil
Plane
FourierTelescopy
Spectral
Mul=-Wavelength
DIAL(atmospheric
gases)
DirectDetectPulsed
IPDA(pulsed,cw)
PRNWaveforms
FMDIAL
CoherentDIAL/IPDA
Other
LIBS
Raman
Fluorescence
Elas=cBackscaOer
Vibrometry,Acous=cs Atmospheric
Clouds,Aerosols,Dust
Mul=-Wavelength
Polarimetric
Winds
Direct
Coherent
Auto-covariance
TemperatureProfiles
Rayleigh
Boltzmann
Key:
Space-Proven (TRL 7-9) Developmental (TRL 4-6) Experimental (TRL 1-3)
CALIOP
LITE,CALIOP,CATS A2D,TWiLiTE ALIMA
TODWL,DAWN FeLidar
OAWL
ChemCam
AOL,RASL
AOL
AMIR-DIAL,CO2LAS
LASE,GOLD
PD-IPDA,CHARM-F
MFLL
AMIR-DIAL
SALTI
SALTIMOLA,LOLA,MLA
GLAS
ALIRT
GLAS ESFL,CZMIL
ALHAT
ALV
LMPC
CZMIL
Climate Absolute
Radiance and Refractivity
Observatory (CLARREO)
Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II)
Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)
Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (Radar) (DESDynI -R)
Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment - II (GRACE - II)
Hyperspectral Infrared Imager
(HYSPIRI)
Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions (ASCENDS)
Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT)
Geostationary Coastal and Air
Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE)
Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE)
LIDAR Surface Topography
(LIST)
Precipitation and All-Weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH)
Snow and Cold Land Processes (SCLP)
Three-Dimensional Winds from Space Lidar (3D-Winds)
Global Atmospheric Composition
Mission (GACM)
Pre-Aerosol - Cloud -
Ecosystems (PACE)
NASA Earth Science 2007 Decadal Survey Missions
Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II)
Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment - II (GRACE - II)
Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions (ASCENDS)
Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE)
LIDAR Surface Topography
(LIST)
Three-Dimensional Winds from Space Lidar (3D-Winds)
Lasers
1 µm laser altimeter
Multibeam cross-track dual-wavelength lidar
1.57 or 2.06 µm column lidar
Mapping laser altimeter system
Laser satellite-to-satellite interferometer
Coherent and/or direct detection Doppler wind lidar(s)
CapabilityGap Measurements TRL “GreatestChallenge”TRL
Maturityandreadinessoftunablelasersmee=ngmeasurementrequirements CO2(ASCENDS) 3-4 1.57-µmpoweramplifier
High-efficiencydetectorsin1.5-2µmrange CO2(ASCENDS) 5 Spacequalifica=on/radhardassurance
ReadinessoflasersystemsAerosol/Clouds/Ecosystems(ACE) 4-5 Spacequalifica=on
Field-widenedinterferometricreceiverAerosol/Clouds/Ecosystems(ACE) 4 Wavefronterror
ReadinessoflasersystemsHigh-bandwidth,high-sensi=vitydetectorarrays
3DBiomass(NISAR/GEDI,formerlyDESDynI)
4-5 Spacequalifica=on
Mul=pleaperturetransmiOerTopography(LISTin2007Decadal) 4-5 Mul=pleaperturesystem
Mul=pleaperture/beamreceiverTopography(LISTin2007Decadal) 3
Large-areadetectorwithhighreadoutbandwidth
Reliable355-nmtransmiOersmee=ngmeasurementrequirements;2-µmtechnologyreadinessandreliability
3DWinds 3-4 Laserreliability,readiness
Singletelescopesuppor=ngmul=plelookangles 3DWinds 3Large-aperturereceiveop=cs(HOE/DOE,interferometer)
2007 Decadal Survey Technology Capability Gaps
CapabilityGap Measurement TRLTRLAssessment;GreatestTRL
Challenge
Blue-greenlasertechnologyreadiness Phytoplankton 32:Robustandreliablelaserandfrequencyconversionsystem
Detectorperformance Phytoplankton 2 Dead-=me,acerpulsing
Blue-greenlasertechnologyreadinessOceanMixedLayer 2
Robustandreliablelaserandfrequencyconversionsystem
DetectorperformanceOceanMixedLayer 2 Dead-=me,acerpulsing
TunablelasertransmiOerforCH4IPDANon-CO2GreenhouseGases
4-5 3-4:Er:YAGandseedsources
Low-noise,few-photon-sensi=vedetectorarray
Non-CO2GreenhouseGases
5 Spacequalifica=on
RobustUVlasertransmiOer Ozone 22:RobustandreliableUVgenera=on290-320nm
Large-aperturecollector;detectorefficiency Ozone 4 Deployability
Mul=-wavelengthNIRlasertransmiOerreadiness
Watervaporprofiles 2 2:Robustandreliable720-nm,820-nmsources
DetectorperformanceWatervaporprofiles 4 Low-noise,few-photon-sensi=vedetectorarray
New Measurement Concept (since 2007) Capability Gaps
TransmiOerTechnologies• SincethelastDecadal,fiber-laseraveragepowercapabilitynowrivalsthatof
tradi&onalbulksolid-statesystemsandmaybeusedinmoreofthesciencemeasurementscenarios.Fiberlasershavethedis:nctadvantageofbeingcompact,immunetomisalignment,andofferhigherWPE.Fiber/bulksolid-statehybridlasertechnologiespresentpoten=alsolu=onstodifficultperformanceandwavelengthrequirements.
• Emerginglasermaterials(e.g.,Cr:ZnSe)andimprovementsinnonlinearop:cal(NLO)materialshaveexpandedop&onsforwavelengthgenera&oninnear-UV,SWIR/MWIR.Drama&cimprovementsinpumplaser-diodeelectricalefficiencyhavesignificantlyimprovedtheWPEofbothbulksolid-stateandfiber-basedlasers.
• Highpowerlasersandadequatethermalsystemsareamongbiggestchallenges.Highconduc:vitythermalmaterialsareneeded.
Summary of the Findings (1 of 3)
ReceiverTechnologies• Thereremainsaneedforimproveddetectorperformance,par:cularlyinthearea
ofradia:on-hardenedmul:-elementarchitectureswithhighquantumefficiency,lownoise,low:mingjiger,andlowaherpulsing.
• Greatestchallengeisintheareaofunder1micronindetectorperformance.• Reduc:oninsizeandweightforreceivertelescopesbenefitallmeasurement
scenarios.• Deployableaperturescouldrelaxrequirementsontransmigertechnologiesand
enablemeasurementscenariosfromsmallersatelliteplakorms.• NeedtodevelopandmatureU.S.industrialbaserequiredforcri:calsystem
componentsintheareaof:detectorsandnonlinearconversionmaterial.
Summary of the Findings (2 of 3)
EmergingTechnologies• Newtechnologiesintheareaofdetectors,lightweightapertures,aswellas
secondandthirdharmonicgenera=onatlowerTRLsarecomingtomarketthatcouldbenefitfromfurtherexplora:on.
• SmallSatshaveemergedontothesceneinthelastdecadeanddemandgreateragen:ontominiaturiza:on.Cross-cuSngemergingtechnologiessuchasintegratedphotonicscircuitryanddeep-submicronmicroelectronicarchitecturescanproveenablingforSmallSat-basedlidarmissionsandsignificantSWAPimprovements.
• Model–basedsystemsengineering(MBSE)shouldbemoreeffec:velyemployedasanarbitratorbetweenevolvingtechnologyop:ons,byenablingparametrictradesbetweenaperturesize,detectorefficiency,laserpower,waveformdiversity,etc.thatcouldcircumventtechnologicalhurdles.
• MBSErequiresrobust,high-fidelitymodelingandsimula=oncapabili=esinboththeenvironmentalandsensorperformancedomains,whichwillrequirestrengtheningandfurtherdevelopmentofconcurrentengineeringtool.
Summary of the Findings (3 of 3)
Microwave Technologies Survey and Strategy Update
• TechDevelopmentSta:s:cs• ScienceMeasurementAreas• TRLAdvancements
• MicrowaveTechnologiesStateoftheArt• MicrowaveTechnologiesCapabilityGaps
RadarRemoteSensingTechniques&Applica:ons
Sounders • Interior structures
such as Ice thickness & aquifer depth
Scatterometers • Ocean Winds • Ocean Currents
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) • Sea ice • Ecology • Hydrology • Rapid response (e.g. oil spills, forest fire)
• Land Classification • Oceanography
Repeat Pass Interferometry • Surface deformation • Seismology and hazards • Damage assessment
Radiometry • Salinity, soil moisture,
snow • SoOp/GPS
Altimeters/single pass interferometry/GPS
• Sea surface height • Topography • Surface water • Ice thickness
Doppler and Profiling • Cloud, Ice, Precipitation
SoilMoistureP-XbandSTARRadiometers
SeaIceP/LbandX-Ka-Band
WeatherK-G-bandLEOimager/sounderconstella:onsGeosta:onaryImager/Sounder
AtmosphericChemistrymm-wave/THzlimbsounders
CloudsandPrecipmm-THzimagersconstella:ons
TroposphericWindsRepeatpasswater-vaporradiometry
OceansK-bandwindvectorSSTC-KbandAl:metrycorrec:onL-bandsalinity
LandCryosphereSnowWater,glaciersKu-Ka
RadiometerApplica:onsinEarthScience
TRL Advancement for Completed Microwave Related Tasks Pe
rcen
tofP
rojects
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
0 1 2 3 4 5
Ac:ve Passive
TRLAdvancement
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ac:ve Passive
Frac:o
nofProjects
FinalTRL
PassiveMicrowaveprojectsshowgreaterTRLadvancement
PassiveMicrowaveprojectscompleteathigherTRL
NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Measurements
Climate Absolute
Radiance and Refractivity
Observatory (CLARREO)
Ice, Cloud,and land Elevation Satellite II (ICESat-II)
Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP)
Deformation, Ecosystem Structure and Dynamics of Ice (Radar) (DESDynI -R)
Gravity Recovery and Climate
Experiment - II (GRACE - II)
Hyperspectral Infrared Imager
(HYSPIRI)
Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions (ASCENDS)
Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT)
Geostationary Coastal and Air
Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE)
Aerosol - Cloud - Ecosystems (ACE)
LIDAR Surface Topography
(LIST)
Precipitation and All-Weather Temperature and Humidity (PATH)
Snow and Cold Land Processes (SCLP)
Three-Dimensional Winds from Space Lidar (3D-Winds)
Global Atmospheric Composition
Mission (GACM)
Pre-Aerosol - Cloud -
Ecosystems (PACE)
Passive Microwave Radars
MicrowaveRemoteSensing
Ac=ve(Radar)
SAR
InSAR
RepeatPass
PhasedArray
Reflector
SinglePass
DualArray
BoomwithMetrology
Imaging
PhasedArray
Ac=ve
T/RModules
Passive
Reflector
ArrayFeed
HighPowerT/RModules
HPA
RealBeam
Al=meter Doppler
Reflector
ArrayFeed
HighPowerT/RModule
Mul=-Band
HPA
PhasedArray
ScaOerometer
Reflector
PhasedArray
SoOp
Calibra=on
Passive
STAR
G-bandFront-end
LowPowerCorrelators
Calibra=on
RealAperture
Imaging
G-band/SMMWfront-ends
BroadbandDigitalbackends
RFIMi=ga=on
Sounding
G-bandfront-ends
Miniaturiza=on
ImprovedCalibra=on
Microwave Remote Sensing State of the Art (2007 DS Missions)
Key:
Space-Proven (TRL 7-9) Developmental (TRL 4-6) Experimental (TRL 1-3)
22
NISAR SWOTSMAP
SMAP
XOVWM,ACE
XOVWM,ACE XOVWM,SCLPopt
SMAP-opt
NISAR SWOT
Oceans
XOVWM,ACE
XOVWM,SCLP
SMAP
GACM
GACM,SWOT
Temp-Humidity
Temp-Humidity PATH
PATH
PATH
SCLP
Temp-Humidity
Microwaveremotesensingtaxonomyiden:fyingtechnologydevelopmentsgenerallyrequiredtocompletetheremaining:ered2007NRCdecadalsurveymissionscarryingmicrowavesensors.
Active Microwave Technology Needs Landscape
Passive Microwave Technology Needs Landscape
• Thestateofmicrowavetechnologiesisalotmorematurerela:vetothatoflidartechnologies.
• Costiscurrentlythebiggestchallengeinimplemen:ngthemicrowaverelatedDecadalSurvey(2007)missions.
• TechnologiestoimprovetheSWAPtodecreasethetotalcostofmissionsareneeded.
• Model-BasedSystemsEngineering(MBSE)shouldbeinves:gatedtoimprovefeasibilityofimplementa:onwithcurrenttechnology.JPLhasbeenusingMBSEforNiSARandSWOT.
• FinalmicrowavetechnologyreportwillbeavailableinJuly2016.
Preliminary Microwave Technologies Summary
Backup
Instrument Incubator Program (IIP) Innovative remote sensing instrument development from concept through breadboard and demonstration (Average award: $1.5M per year over three years)
Advanced Information Systems Technology (AIST) innovative on-orbit and ground capabilities for communication, processing, and management of remotely sensed data and the efficient generation of data products (average award: $500K per year over two years)
ESTO manages, on average, 120 active technology development projects. Most are funded through the five primary program lines below. Nearly 700 projects have completed since 1998.
Observation
Information
Advanced Component Technologies (ACT) critical components and subsystems for advanced instruments and observing systems (average award: $300K per year over three years)
Validation In-Space Validation of Earth Science Technologies (InVEST)
on-orbit technology validation and risk reduction for small instruments and instrument systems that could not otherwise be fully tested on the ground or airborne systems (average award: $1-1.8M per year over three years)
ESTO Programs
Sustainable Land Imaging-Technology (SLI-T) new technologies and reduced costs for future land imaging (Landsat) measurements First solicitation released in FY16 (average award: TBD)
TRL3-6
TRL2-5
TRL2-6
ESTO Portfolio
TRL Definition Hardware Description
Software Description Exit Criteria
1
Basic principles observed and reported
Scientific knowledge generated underpinning hardware technology concepts/applications.
Scientific knowledge generated underpinning basic properties of software architecture and mathematical formulation.
Peer reviewed publication of research underlying the proposed concept/application.
2
Technology concept and/or application formulated
Invention begins, practical applications is identified but is speculative, no experimental proof or detailed analysis is available to support the conjecture.
Practical application is identified but is speculative; no experimental proof or detailed analysis is available to support the conjecture. Basic properties of algorithms, representations, and concepts defined. Basic principles coded. Experiments performed with synthetic data.
Documented description of the application/concept that addresses feasibility and benefit.
3
Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof-of- concept
Analytical studies place the technology in an appropriate context and laboratory demonstrations, modeling and simulation validate analytical prediction.
Development of limited functionality to validate critical properties and predictions using non-integrated software components.
Documented analytical/experimental results validating predictions of key parameters.
TRL Definitions
TRL Definition Hardware Description
Software Description Exit Criteria
4
Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment.
A low fidelity system/component breadboard is built and operated to demonstrate basic functionality and critical test environments, and associated performance predictions are defined relative to final operating environment.
Key, functionality critical software components are integrated and functionally validated to establish interoperability and begin architecture development. Relevant environments defined and performance in the environment predicted.
Documented test performance demonstrating agreement with analytical predictions. Documented definition of relevant environment.
5
Component and/or breadboard validation in relevant environment.
A medium fidelity system/component brassboard is built and operated to demonstrate overall performance in a simulated operational environment with realistic support elements that demonstrate overall performance in critical areas. Performance predictions are made for subsequent development phases.
End-to-end software elements implemented and interfaced with existing systems/simulations conforming to target environment. End-to-end software system tested in relevant environment, meeting predicted performance. Operational environment performance predicted. Prototype implementations developed.
Documented test performance demonstrating agreement with analytical predictions. Documented definition of scaling requirements.
TRL Definitions (cont.)
TRL Definition Hardware Description
Software Description Exit Criteria
6
System/sub-system model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment.
A high fidelity system/component prototype that adequately addresses all critical scaling issues is built and operated in a relevant environment to demonstrate operations under critical environmental conditions.
Prototype implementations of the software demonstrated on full-scale, realistic problems. Partially integrated with existing hardware/software systems. Limited documentation available. Engineering feasibility fully demonstrated.
Documented test performance demonstrating agreement with analytical predictions.
TRL Definitions (cont.)
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