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Solutions for Today | Options for Tomorrow
National and Regional Perspectives –Carbon Storage R&D Program Traci Rodosta - Carbon Storage Technology ManagerVirginia Coal & Energy Alliance, Southern States Energy Board and Virginia Energy Research 40th Annual Conference & Expo May 21, 2019
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Carbon Storage Program Structure
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Are Sufficient Storage Opportunities Available for Widespread CCS Deployment?
The U.S. has a very large storage resource for saline, oil and gas, and coal reservoirs
Evaluated a variety of geologic settings to prove the ability to accept CO2 at commercial-scale injection rates
Business case based on entire value chain should be evaluated
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Number on Map Project Name Project
Type CO2 Source GeologicBasin
Metric Tons of CO2 Stored
1 Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership-Kevin Dome Project
Saline Storage
Kevin Dome (natural)
Kevin Dome N/A
2Midwest Geological
Sequestration Consortium -Illinois Basin - Decatur Project
Saline Storage
ADM Ethanol Production Facility
Illinois Basin 999,215
3Midwest Regional Carbon
Sequestration Partnership -Michigan Basin Project
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Core CO2 Services, LLC Natural Gas
Processing FacilityMichigan
Basin 1,253,480
4The Plains CO2 Reduction
Partnership-Bell Creek Field Project
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Conoco Philips Lost Cabin/Madden
Natural Gas Processing Plant
Powder River Basin 2,982,000
5Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership -
Citronelle ProjectSaline
Storage
Southern Company’s Plant Barry Coal-Fired
Power Plant
Interior Salt Basin, Gulf
Coast Region114,104
6Southeast Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership -
Cranfield Project
Enhanced Oil Recovery/
Saline StorageJackson Dome
(natural)Interior Salt Basin, Gulf
Coast Region4,743,898
7Southwest Regional Partnership
on Carbon Sequestration -Farnsworth Unit Project
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Arkalon Ethanol Plan (Liberal, KS)Agrium Fertilizer Plant (Borger, TX)
Anadarko Basin 739,863
Important step towards enabling 50+MMT scale storage sites
Is Geologic Storage Viable at Scale?RCSP Development Phase Field Projects
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Field Projects AccomplishmentsDemonstrate Large-Scale Injectivity/Capacity
2012 2013 2014
Simulation of plume at MGSC generated and history matched
Integration of extensive characterization, monitoring, and simulation used to predict and validate injectivity and capacity• Characterization wells, seismic, well logs and cores• Reservoir models and simulations (Eclipse, Petrel, STOMP, etc)• Risk Assessment and accounting (CO2-PENS)
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Field Projects AccomplishmentsPredict CO2 movement and confirm confining integrity
Crosswell seismic results show containment at Citronelle project
Numerical codes used to predict hydrologic, geomechanical, geochemical processes and plume stabilization
Near-surface and deep subsurface monitoring confirm containment
Improve the fidelity of modeling and monitoring technologies
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Field Projects AccomplishmentsRisk Assessment Strategies
Risk RegistryAdaptive Management Approach
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Generate Synthetic Seismic Image of CO2
Plume from Simulation Model (FM)
CO2 Plume Actual Shape from 4-D Seismic (IM)
Compare (FM) vs. (IM)Check If There Is a Sufficient Fit
Adjust the Geological and Simulation Models
Field Projects Lessons Learned Identifying Further R&D Needs
Improve the fidelity of technologies to characterize small scale heterogeneity
MVA technologies to better quantify CO2 saturation in the far field
Detect and predict fluid injection-related micro-seismic (non-felt) events
Intelligent (Autonomous) monitoring systems for real-time operating
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CarbonSAFE Phased ApproachThe intent of CarbonSAFE is to address the R&D knowledge gaps and technologies needed for a 50+ million metric tons CO2 storage:
Phase I: Integrated CCS Pre-Feasibility (18 months)Formation of a CCS team, Development of a feasibility plan and High-level technical evaluation of the sub-basin and potential CO2 sources
Phase II: Storage Complex Feasibility (2 years)Data collection, Geologic analysis, Identification of contractual and regulatory requirements and plans to satisfy them, Subsurface modelling to support geologic characterization, risk assessment, and monitoring, and Public outreach
Subject to funding Phase III: Site Characterization (2 years)Tentative - Address pore/surface rights, Rights of way, Permitting processes and requirements, Liability relief and Finance agreements
Subject to funding Phase IV: Permitting and Construction of storage complex (3.5 years)Tentative - Submission of Class VI permits, Drill and Complete injection and monitoring wells, Acquisition of baseline monitoring data and Risk management and mitigation plan
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Moving Forward - CarbonSAFE Initiative
MontanaThrustBelt
Williston
PowderRiver
Denver
Forest City
Greater Green River
Paradox
Uintah
SanJoaquin
Michigan
Illinois
Appalachian
Anadarko
Salt
SanJuan
Western Gulf
Arkoma
Palo Duro
PermianColville Ft. Worth
Piceance
BlackWarrior
VenturaRaton
WindRiver
Bighorn
17
8
6
7
12
13
2
5
11
10
5
34
653
3
6
241
1
9
42
LosAngeles
RCSP Projects
CarbonSAFE Feasibility
CarbonSAFE Pre-Feasibility
Sedimentary Basins
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Pre-Feasibility Lessons Learned
Require a strong industry collaboration and a business-focused strategy
Critical to have oil/gas company collaboration and strong host site support
One limiting factor to making CCS economical is high capture cost Pressure management may be necessary to meet target rates/volumes
Reservoir models including faults need to be improved to model heterogeneity and pressure effects
Simplistic models on fault leakage and dynamic storage efficiency are required, can then be integrated into current NRAP tools
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Storage Complex Feasibility Projects
Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Terre Haute, IN
University of WyomingPowder River Basin/ Gillette, Wyoming
Southern States Energy Board
Kemper County, MS
Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Decatur, IL
University of North DakotaGreat Plains Synfuels Plant or
Milton R Young Station
Battelle Memorial Institute Patterson Site/
Sleepy Hollow Area
Perform initial characterization of potential commercial-scale storage complex
Determine suitability of the potential 50+MMT geologic storage site (reservoir characteristics)
Technical and non-technical challenges
Risk assessment and CO2 management strategy
Validate National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) tools and other NETL tools
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Establishing an Early CO2 Storage Complex in Kemper County, Mississippi: Project ECO2SSouthern States Energy Board
Seismic reflection data does not show any large-scale faulting near and above the caprock
Abundant stacked storage reservoirs:• Paluxy • Washita-Fredericksburg • Lower Tuscaloosa sandstone formations
Strategy changed from a single source to multiple sources within the region
Storage complex adjacent to Kemper County Energy Facility—potentially over 400 MMT
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Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC)
Storage complex near Antelope Valley Station (7.7 MT/Y) and Dakota Gasification Company Synfuels Plant (3.4 MT/Y) site and the Milton R. Young (6 MT/Y) site
Storage site would be buffer for ~1MMT per year from Synfuels Plant and future AVS CO2
North Dakota Integrated Carbon Storage Complex Feasibility Study
CO2 storage potential in the area of investigation—two complexes have an estimated 563 MMT in the Broom Creek Sandstone
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Illinois State Geological Survey
Multiple sources including Abbott Power Plant, City Water Light and Power, Archer Midland Daniels and potentially Prairie State Energy Campus
Storage in Podolsky Oil Company’s fields in Christian County, Illinois
Lower Mt. Simon sandstone formation has estimated storage capacity of 455 MMT of storage in Christian County
CarbonSAFE Illinois Macon County
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Wabash CarbonSAFEUniversity of Illinois
Storage Complex near the future Wabash Valley Resources ammonia production plant• Repurposed IGCC plant for ammonia (2021)
Drilled and characterized a stratigraphic well in Wabash Valley Resources and update
Evaluating 2D seismic for reservoir and seal continuity and geologic structure
Storage resources in excess of 172 BMT in Mt. Simon sandstone, Knox Group and St. Peter Sandstone
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Integrated Mid-Continent Stacked Carbon Storage Hub: Storage Complex Feasibility AssessmentBattelle Memorial Institute Strategy is to develop a source corridor that leverages
ethanol sources to develop infrastructure to add power plants in the future (725 MMT – 30yrs)
Mid-continent hub with stacked storage in both Nebraska and Kansas
Evaluating pipeline infrastructure through corridor
Working with ethanol plants, oil and gas operators and state agencies
Drill stratigraphic wells at both Patterson and Sleepy Hollow sites
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Commercial-Scale Carbon Storage Complex Feasibility Study at Dry Fork Station, WyomingUniversity of Wyoming Powder River Basin near Basin Electric Power
Corporation Dry Fork Power Station (3 MMT/Y)
Injection and Storage will occur on site centrally located in Powder River Basin
Potential strategy could include CO2 pipeline network linking major sources to stacked storage opportunities including CO2 EOR fields in region.
Evaluating Muddy, Lakota/Fall River, Lower Sundance and Minnelusa Formations
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Is There An Integrated R&D Approach for Future Commercial-Scale Deployment?
2017Large Capture Pilots Initiated
2017Initiate Storage Feasibility for Integrated CCS
2020R&D Completed for Carbon Capture 2nd Generation Technologies
2025Integrated CCS Projects initiated
2022Commercial-scale storage complexes characterized
2035Advanced technologies available for broad commercial-scale deployment
CarbonCapture
CarbonStorage
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