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NERVOUS SYSTEMMCGONIGLE
Intro to Psychology
Nervous System
Made up of the spinal cord and the brain
Neurons : Nerve cell – the neurons transmit messages to the spinal cord and to the brain. ( knee reflex)
3 types of neurons.
Types of Neurons
Sensory Neurons
Motor Neurons
Interneurons – found between other neurons.
Dendrite
Branches that extend from the cell body to most neurons.
Receive information and transmit impulses toward the cell body. (hot stove/step on a nail)
Cell Body of Nucleus
Cell Body: Contains nucleus, control center of the cell.
Regulates production of protein within the cell.
Neurons – limited ability to repair damaged cells. (Pat’s story)
Axons
Long tubelike structure attached to a neuron
Transmits impulses away from cell body + toward another neuron, muscle cell or gland.
Spinal Cord
Long column of nerve tissue about as thick as your index finger.
Generally speaking – 18” long (c shaped) Vertebra - bones that make up back (6 C) Connective tissue- spinal meninge – help
protect spinal cord.
Brain
Cerebrum: largest and most complex part of the brain.
Billions of neurons– conscious thought, learning, memory ( long + short)
Brain cells – do not reproduce
Left Hemisphere
Right side of the body
Language Thinking Reasoning Analyzing
Right Hemisphere
Music Talents ( singing/ playing instruments)
Art ( painting/ drawing)
Spatial Relationships ( Maps/ Graphs)
4 Lobes of the Brain
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
All voluntary movements ( hand/eye coordination)
Use of language – foreign languages.
Parietal Lobe
Sensory Information :
Heat Cold Pain Touch
Occipital Lobe
Vision – eyes-
Optic nerve
Do we see w/ our eyes or brain?
Temporal Lobe
Hearing + Smell (connected- memory)
Memory
Thought
Judgment
Cerebellum
2nd largest part of the brain.
Coordinates movement of skeletal muscles (jock/nerd)
Receives messages from sensory neurons in the inner ear.
Maintains body posture + balance.
Brain Stem
3” stalk of nerve cells and fibers that connect spinal cord to the rest of the brain.
Incoming and outgoing messages pass through the brain stem.
Medulla Oblongata
Lowest part of the brain stem
Regulates heartbeat + respiratory rates
Reflexes: coughing, sneezing, vomiting
Pons
1” in length
Above the medulla
Pathway- connects nerve impulses to other parts of the brain.
Helps regulate breathing.
Midbrain Highest part of the brain stem
Controls eyeball movement and pupil size
Turning your head at an unexpected noise
Thalamus Page 60 in textbook Important Relay center for incoming
impulses ( nail/ hot stove)
Receive info from eyes and ears.
Above the hypothalamus..
Hypothalamus
Controls and balances body processes to regulate: ( means under the thalamus)
Body temp (sweat) Appetite Regulate Sleep Pituitary Glands
Hypothalamus controls
Metabolism (discuss disturbances)
Sexual Development (behavior)
Emotional Responses (aggression)
Peripheral Nervous System
Consists of all nerves that are not part of the Central Nervous System
Carries messages between CNS and the rest of the body
2 Parts: Autonomic + Somatic
Autonomic Nervous System
Consists of Network of nerves divided into 2 smaller networks.
“Fight/Flight responses”
Reflex- spontaneous response of body to stimulus.
Somatic Nervous System
Sensory Neurons
Relay messages from receptors to:EyesEarsNoseTongueSkin
Parasympathetic Nervous System
During rest and relaxation
Opposes actions of sympathetic system
Slows down body functions: heartbeat, lowers blood pressure, opens blood vessels.
Vocab Quiz on Thursday
From Central Nervous System to the Pons
Terms 1-15
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