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“New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides 2004. Tim R. Murphy The University of Georgia. “Newer” SU Herbicides. TranXit - SU Manor, Blade- SU Corsair – SU Manage - SU Revolver - SU Monument – SU Velocity – Not an SU, but similar MOA. Amino acids. Building blocks of plant proteins - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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“New” Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides
2004
Tim R. Murphy
The University of Georgia
“Newer” SU Herbicides
TranXit - SUManor, Blade- SUCorsair – SUManage - SURevolver - SUMonument – SUVelocity – Not an SU, but similar MOA
Amino acids
Building blocks of plant proteinsEnzymes mediate biochemical
reactionsStorage roles - seed reservesStructural roles
Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Imidazolinones Image Plateau
Sulfonylureas Manor, Blade Manage Corsair Revolver TranXit Monument
Roundup Pro Velocity Excessive Rate of Manor on Zoysia
Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Characteristics Most of these herbicides have soil and foliar
activity except glyphosate Undergo significant translocation Soil residual activity herbicide-dependent Low use-rate herbicides Very low toxicity
Sulfonylureas
Manor, Corsair, Manage,TranXit, Monument, Revolverrapid shoot and root aborptiontranslocates to meristematic areasinhibits leucine, isoleucine and valine synthesisgrowth is impaired and plants die over 1 to 3 wk
period
TranXit – Griffin LLC
Poa control before overseeding (includes greens)DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan
Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda, centipede and zoysiaTriazines, Kerb, Diquat
Spring transition aid in overseeded bermudaManor, Revolver, Monument, Kerb, Embark
NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY
Weeds Controlled by TranXit
annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley tall fescue blue-eyedgrass rough bluegrass
common chickweed shepherd’s-purse henbit field pansy cutleaf eveningprimrose spotted spurge pennywort (dollarweed)
TranXit
Rimsulfuron 25DFSulfonylurea2.0 to 4.0 ozs. product/acreChemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline
or acid conditionst-1/2 in soil is 2 to 10 days
Poa Control in Bermudagrass
Non-overseeded ‘Tifway’Single or repeat applications of rimsulfuron2 and 4 oz./acre + NISMarch 14
Tifway – 15% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads
Followed by March 27Tifway – 20% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads
Poa annua control.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Po
a an
nu
a co
ntr
ol
(%)
12 DAA 30 DAA 47 DAA 57 DAA
Tranxit 2 oz Tranxit 4 oz Tranxit fb Tranxit 2 ozTranxit fb Tranxit 4 oz UTC
*
57 DAAUntreated Check
57 DAATranXit 2.0 ozs.
57 DAATranXit 2.0 fb. 2.0 ozs.
Effect of TranXit on Tifway green-up.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Po
a an
nu
a co
ntr
ol
(%)
22 DAA 30 DAA 37 DAA 47 DAA
Tranxit 2 oz Tranxit 4 oz Tranxit fb Tranxit 2 ozTranxit fb Tranxit 4 oz UTC
*
**
Manor, Blade
Metsulfuron 60 DF Excellent option for ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass and
broadleaf control in warm-season turfgrasses, especially St. Augustinegrass
Do not use on bahiagrass Low rate - < 1.0 oz. product/acre Use only 0.25 to 0.5 oz/acre on centipede Use with nonionic surfactant
Corsair - Riverdale
Chlorsulfuron 75%Used primarily for spot control of clumpy tall
fescue in bermuda, zoysia, centipede, St. Augustine, Ky. Bluegrass – works slowly
Avoid transition applications on centipede, zoysia, St. Augustine
Repeat application in 60 dAdd NIS at ¼ to 1/3 fl. oz./gallon of spray mix
Revolver – Bayer Environ. Sciences
Foramsulfuron - 0.19SC, POSTFirst liquid sulfonylurea, no NIS required4.4 to 26.2 fl. ozs. product/acre (use high rate for
centipede suppression and goosegrass)
t-1/2 in soil is 1 to 12 daysChemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline
or acid conditions
Revolver
Poa control before overseeding (includes greens)
[2 WBS]DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan, TranXit
Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and ‘Meyer’ zoysiaTriazines, Kerb, Diquat
Spring transition aid in overseeded bermudaManor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark
Weeds Controlled by Revolver
annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley tall fescue rough bluegrass bentgrass
henbit goosegrass
Goosegrass Control - Griffin
‘Tifway’ bermudagrass, 0.75 in. ht. Irrigated site 25 gpa Revolver: 17.4, 26.2 fl. ozs./ac MSMA + Sencor: 2.7 pts. + 2.7 ozs./ac Illoxan: 1.4 qts./ac Applied 6-12 and 6-19, 2002 2 to 3 tiller goosegrass
Goosegrass control with Revolver. 2002.
0102030405060708090
100
Per
cen
t
Injury 4 Goosegrass 6 Goosegrass 11
Weeks
Revolver 17.2 Revolver 26.2 Illoxan MSMA + Sencor
Monument– Syngenta
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium 75 WDG, POST0.1 to 0.56 ozs. product/acre t-1/2 in soil is 5 to 15 daysChemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline
or acid conditionsAdd NIS at 0.25% v/v
Monument
Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and zoysiaTriazines, Kerb, Diquat, Revolver, TranXit
Spring transition aid in overseeded bermudaManor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark,
Revolver Broadleaf weed and sedge control (winter and summer) NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY
Weeds Controlled by Monument
annual bluegrass ryegrass spp. little barley rough bluegrass torpedograss tall fescue
henbit dichondra Va. Buttonweed nutsedge (yellow and
purple) green kyllinga carpetweed spotted spurge
Monument Transition Project - 2001
GA Station Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’ ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass 0.75 in. clip height 2 appl. – 5/16 and 6/14 25 gpa 0.25% v/v NIS with all herbicides except Kerb
Monument – One Appl. (5/16/01)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Monument 0.1 oz.
Monument 0.3 oz
TranXit 4.0 Kerb - 1.5 UTC
Qua
lity
8 d 36 d 45 d
Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)
0
2
4
6
8
10
Monument 0.1 oz
Monument 0.3 oz
TranXit 2 UTC
Qua
lity
7 d-B 15 d-B 30 d-B
MONUMENT – One Appl. (5/16/01)
0
20
40
60
80
100
15 d 36 44 15 36 44 15 36 44 15 36 44
Den
sity
CYNDA LOLPE
MON 0.1 MON 0.3 Kerb 1.5 UTC
Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)
0
20
40
60
80
100
7 dB 15 30 7 15 30 7 15 30 7 15 30
Den
sity
CYNDA LOLPE
MON 0.1 MON 0.3 TranXit 2 UTC
Velocity
bispyribac-sodium Use rates – 1.3 to 2.6 oz.product/ac inhibits ALS, no synthesis of branched chain amino
acids not a sulfonylurea, but slow acting root and shoot absorbed, ½ life < 10 d Post control of Poa annua in overseeded
bermudagrass
Velocity Projects - 2002
GA StationPerennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’‘Tifway’ bermudagrass0.625 in. clip heightIrrigated site
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury
0
10
20
30
40
Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz
Rye
gras
s In
jury
26 d 40 d 48 d
Applied 4 wks after seeding, 3-lf ryegrass
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz
An
nu
al B
lueg
rass
Co
ntr
ol
27-Mar 7-May
Applied 4 wks after seeding, Oct. 23, 2001
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury
0
5
10
15
20
Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz
5 wks 7 wks
Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
7 WAT 8 WAT 11 WAT 12 WAT
An
nu
al B
lueg
rass
Co
ntr
ol
Velocity 0.7 oz. Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 2.8 oz
Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury
0
5
10
15
20
Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 1.4 fb 1.4 oz.
Rye
gras
s In
jury
10 DAT 20 DAT 30 DAT 50 DAT
Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control
0
20
40
60
80
100
20 DA-A 30 DA-A 50 DA-A 60 DA-A
An
nu
al B
lueg
rass
Co
ntr
ol
Velocity 1.4 oz. Velocity 1.4 fb 1.4 oz.
Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002
Turf17-03: Photo April 9, 2003, NIS left, MSO right
Velocity, 1.3 fb 1.3 oz/ac
2/18 + 3/03 3/03 + 3/21
Other SU Herbicides in Development
Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciencesSulfonylurea
Sulfosulfuron (Battalion) – MonsantoSulfonylurea
Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciences
Bermuda, zoysia, centipedeSt. Augustine and cool-seasons not tolerantSpring transition aid, seedling crabgrass
(<4-lf), nutsedge and kyllinga, numerous broadleaf weeds
Sulfosulfuron (Battalion)- Monsanto
Bermuda (most tolerant), St. Augustine, centipede, zoysia
Cool-season tolerance is low and highly rate dependent
Spring transition aid, nutsedges, kyllinga
Fate of Herbicides Applied to Turf Water solubility - the extent to which a pesticide will
dissolve in water Sorption by clay colloids and organic matter
Adsorption - binding of a herbicide to the surface of a soil particle .
Absorption - Penetrates into plant tissue Microbial degradation - influenced by herbicide
concentration, temperature, moisture, pH, oxygen, microbial population
Fate of Herbicides Applied to TurfChemical degradation and photodecomposition
Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and photodecomposition under field conditions
Volatilization and evaporation - Loss due to an increase in temperature, vapor pressure, and wind movement.
Plant uptake and metabolism - roots, shoots, leaves
Water Movement
Surface runoff
Leaching
Capillary action
Factors That Affect LeachingIncrease Decrease
Coarse soils Fine Soils
Low O.M. High O.M.
Water soluble Water insoluble
Non-binding Readily bind
High rainfall Normal rainfall
Mobility of Postemergence Herbicides in Soil(not conducted on turf)
None to slight
Low
Moderate
High
Diquat Glyphosate MSMA
Bromoxynil Fenoxaprop Sethoxydim Fluazifop Rimsulfuron Foramsulfuron
Imazaquin Halosulfuron Chlorsulfuron Metsulfuron Trifloxysulfuron
MCPP 2,4-D Dicamba Bentazon Triclopyr Clopyralid Glufosinate
Herbicide ½ Life
Amount of time it takes a herbicideto reach one-half (t-1/2) of the originallyapplied concentration. Expressed in days, wks,months, yrs.
1.0 lb. Ai/acre 0.5 lb. Ai/acre
Postemergence Herbicides – Avg. t-1/2
Herbicide
Soil Persistence t-1/2
Halosulfuron Trifloxysulfuron Rimsulfuron Foramsulfuron Bisyribac
4 - 34 d 5 – 15 d 2 – 10 d 2 – 13 d < 10 d
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement
Griffin, GALateral runoff facility
5% uniform slopeWobbler irrigation heads1.25 inches per hourTifway bermudagrass0.5 inch clip height
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement
Plots 25 ft. longLower 10 ft. fall-seeded with perennial ryegrassUpper 15 ft. not overseeded
Late January, applied to dormant bermudaMonument at 0.33 and 0.56 oz./acreManor at 0.5 oz./acreTranXit at 2.0 oz./acreKerb at 2.0 lbs./acre
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement
Before applicationApplied 2.5 inches irrigation (2 hrs), 37% saturationWaited ~ 1hr, until foliage driedApplied herbicidesWaited ~ 1hr, until foliage driedApplied 2.5 inches irrigation (2 hrs)Applied 0.5 inch irrigation water 24 HAT
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement
WHAT HAPPENED??Kerb – moved 8 ft. (76% injury)Monument 0.33 oz. – 0.7 ft (3%)Monument 0.56 oz. – 3 ft. (14%)Manor 0.5 oz. – 0.7 ft. (1)TranXit 2.0 oz – 0.6 ft. (1)
NOTE: No significant injury occurred until 48 DAT
Can SU Herbicides Move?
Yes, if:Surface film of water present at applicationIrrigation or rainfall immediately after applicationNot watering after foliage has driedDew re-suspends and can cause tracking (prevent by
watering in)Improperly adjusted irrigation heads
www.georgiaturf.comwww.georgiaturf.com
A pretty d--- good web page for turfgrasses!!
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