NEXT Sovereignty, Authority and Power (20%) NEXT Political Institutions (35%)

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Sovereignty, Authority and Power (20%)

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Political Institutions(35%)

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Citizens, Society, and State (15%)

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Political and Economic Change (15%)

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Public Policy(10%)

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5 10Sovereignty, Authority and

Power

Political Institutions

Citizens, Society and State

Political and Economic Change

Public Policy

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Team OneTeam One

Team TwoTeam Two

Team ThreeTeam Three

Team FourTeam Four

Team FiveTeam Five

Team SixTeam Six

Topic 1

Question for 5 Points

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companies owned or controlled by the state in the third world

parastatals

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the president (or military general in power) is the head of an elaborate patron-client system and dispenses government jobs and resources as rewards to supporters. Cabinet positions, bureaucracy chiefs and all other government positions are part of the president's patronage system

patrimonialism

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a process whereby the state co-opts members of the public by providing specific benefits or favors to a small group in return for public support

clientelism

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the process by which individuals are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state, making them dependent on the state for certain rewards.

Co-optation

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The Leninist organizational structure that concentrates power in the hands of the party elite; rule by the few for the good of the many

democratic centralism

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The part of the government composed of technical experts and others who remain from administration to administration

bureaucracy

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A new type of political party that began to emerge in the 1960s

that plays down ideology in order to attract more voters

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catch-all parties

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The top policy-making and executive body of a communist party state

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politburo

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The Soviet system of lists that facilitated the CPSU's

appointment of trusted people to key positions, adopted by other

communist regimes.

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nomenklatura

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(1) set of institutions and people formally authorized by formal

documents such as a constituion to pass laws, issue regulations, control the police, etc. (2) the leadership or elite in charge of

running the state

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government

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people accept the rules and the elites, join groups that bind them to their diverse communities, and

are able to resist antisystem protest, making the state

resistant to sweeping change

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Civic culture

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mutually supportive alliance between interest group, bureaucracy and political elite

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Iron triangle

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an economy which is heavily supported by state expenditures,

while the state receives 'rent' from other countries, e.g., by

leasing out oil fields

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Rentier economy

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The shift during the last half century from an economy based

primarily on industry and manufacturing to one in which

the majority of people are employed in the service sector,

which produces the bulk of profits

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postindustrialism

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the ability of the state to wield power to carry out basic tasks,

such as defending territory, making and enforcing rules,

collecting taxes, and managing the economy

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capacity

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A statistical tool that attempts to estimate the buying power of

income across different countries by using prices in the United

States as a benchmark

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Purchasing-power parity (PPP)

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a mercantilist strategy for economic growth in which a

country seeks out technologies and develops industries focused specifically on the export market

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export-oriented industrialization

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resurgence of capitalism and markets; change of state policy

toward more open economics and less government intevention in

the economy

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Economic liberalization

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development strategy that uses tariffs and other barriers to imports, thereby stimulating

domestic industries

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Import substitution

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development strategy that stresses integration into global markets and

privatization. Supported by the World Bank, the IMF and other major northern financial

institutions; a policy of economic liberalization adopted in exchange for

financial support from liberal international organizations, typically includes privatizing state-run firms, ending subsidies, reducing

tariff barriers, shrinking the size of the state, and welcoming foreign investment

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Structural adjustment

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a radical critique of mainstream economic theory that stresses the

continued power the north has over the third world

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Dependency theory

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state bureaucracy which explicitly allocates resources by planning what should be produced and in what amounts, setting the final

prices of these goods, and deciding where they should be

sold.

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Central planning

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rapid economic and political change that transforms a country

into a stable nation with democratizing political

institutions, a growing economy, and an expanding web of

nongovernmental institutions (examples: Mexico, Iran)

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Compressed modernity

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Topic 5

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Under Mikhail Gorbachev, Soviet policies that opened up the system and allowed for freedom of expression.

glasnost

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An indirect form of imperialism in which powerful countries overly influence the economies of less-

developed countries

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neocolonialism

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“Big Points”

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