NFPA30extracts

February 2005

Tom Gray Consulting Director Property Risk Control

NFPA 30NFPA 30NFPA 30

Chapters 8 Thru 29 Chapters 8 Thru 29 Chapters 8 Thru 29 Protection (2008)Protection (2008)Protection (2008)

Protection of Flammable and Combustible Liquids

1987 – Epiphany!

NFPANFPANFPAUnderstanding Fire Protection for Flammable and Combustible LiquUnderstanding Fire Protection for Flammable and Combustible LiquUnderstanding Fire Protection for Flammable and Combustible Liquidsidsids

CCPSCCPSCCPSGuidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical and Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical and Guidelines for Fire Protection in Chemical, Petrochemical and Hydrocarbon Processing FacilitiesHydrocarbon Processing FacilitiesHydrocarbon Processing Facilities

NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code

NFPA 30 is a CODE (law in most states). Most NFPA documents are STANDARDS (NFPA 13) or DESIGN GUIDELINES (NFPA 68).

NFPA 30 is revised every 3 or 4 years. The requirements are generally not retroactive but Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) may require updating to the latest version.

Chapters 8 thru 29 now contain protection criteria for container, IBC, and portable tank storage of liquids.

Annex D further describes the protection criteria listed in NFPA 30. Annex E describes test protocols for flammable liquid fire tests. Both have lots of information considered advisory. You should read both of them.

Containers, Portable Tanks, and IBC’s

Container = any vessel less than 120 gallons used for transporting or storing flammable or combustible liquids

Portable tank = any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 gallons AND not intended for fixed installation (including IBC’s)

IBC’s = Intermediate Bulk Containers (less than 794 gallons) but not very well defined by NFPA 30

IBC Photo

Containers, Portable Tanks, and IBC’s

“Relieving-style container” is a metal container, IBC, or portable tank equipped with at least one pressure-relieving mechanism at the top to relieve internal pressures from external fire exposure to avoid violent rupture of the container, IBC, or portable tank.

NFPA 30 requires the pressure-relieving mechanism to be listed and labeled per FMRC 6083, Fusible Closures for Steel Drums. These mechanisms cannot be painted. Cap seals, if used, must be of thermoplastic material to burn away easily.

Drum Storage in Racks

NFPA 30, Container and Storage Requirements

Does NOT apply to•storage in process areas•certain fuel tanks•beverages (less than 1.3 gallon capacity) •medicines/foodstuffs/cosmetics/other consumer products that are less than 50% water-miscible liquids and the rest non-flammable liquids (less than 1.3 gallon capacity)•liquids that have no Fire Point (vapors won’t burn)•liquids with flash point greater than 95 F in water-miscible solution or dispersion with water and inert solids (more than 80% by weight) that does not sustain burning•distilled spirits or wines in wooden barrels or casks

Hazardous Materials Locker

Storage AreasFlammables should be stored in approved cabinets in a cool, well

ventilated area to avoid pressure buildup and vaporization.

Small amounts of flammable liquids stored in listed cabinets

Contrary to popular belief, these cabinets are not designed to contain a fire, but to prevent an outside fire from reaching the contents for a period of 10 minutes – enough time to evacuate the area.

Automatic Fire Protection for Liquid Storage

No dry pipe sprinklers are permitted to meet protection requirements of NFPA 30.

Where different classes of liquids and container types are stored in the same protected area, the requirements for protection of the most severe hazard class (of those types) must be met.

Other Protection Requirements of NFPA 30

Foam-water sprinkler systems must be installed per the listing criteria of the foam discharge devices, foam concentrate, and liquids to be protected. Where the listing criteria differ from Table 16.5.2.3 or Table 16.5.2.4, the greater of the two design densities must be used.

In-rack sprinklers have very specific installation criteria to meetChapter 16 requirements. These are now covered in 16.5.1.10 describing Layouts A through I in the new NFPA 30 tables.

Foam-Water Protection Requirements of NFPA 30

Foam-water sprinkler systems must have at least 15 minutes of foam concentrate at required design flow rates. For example, 0.3 gpm over 2000 square feet using 6% foam has flow rate of 36 gpm. Foam concentrate needed would be 36 gpm for 15 minutes, or 540 gallons total. A foam tank (probably) won’t come in exactly that size so round up to next available size.

Foam-water systems must provide foam solution to operating sprinklers with four sprinklers operating, often done by using In-Line Balanced Pressure (ILBP) type of foam proportioner.

Other Protection Requirements of NFPA 30

Water supply for water sprinklers or foam-water sprinklers must be adequate for 2 hours of expected flow. Hose stream and hydrant flows must also be included in this allowance.

Containment and drainage are needed. This is true whether water or foam-water sprinklers are used. If foam-water sprinklers are used, liquid spread control is not required by NFPA 30.

Fire Protection Schemes A, B, or C

Several of the tables in Chapter 16 for protection of rack storage of flammable and combustible liquids require design per Fire Protection Schemes A, B, or C.

See 16.6.1 for FP Scheme A and 16.6.2 for FP Scheme B plus 16.6.3 for FP Scheme C.

These schemes give specific design and installation criteria forprotection for Single Row, Double Row, or Multiple Row rack storage of flammable and combustible liquids.

Talking Points (From NFPA 30 Committee Member)

February 2005

Tom Gray Consulting Director Property Risk Control

Changes Made Changes Made Changes Made

UPDATE to NFPA UPDATE to NFPA UPDATE to NFPA 30 in 200830 in 200830 in 2008

Bob BenedettiBob Benedetti

NFPANFPA

NFPA 30 HazMat Template

Added cross references for handling & dispensing to occupancy chapters

Split industrial/mercantile/storage into 3 separate chaptersHazMat storage lockers now separate chapterAssigned fire protection design criteria to its own chapter

(Chapter 16)Moved tank & piping chapters to end

NFPA 30 HazMat Template

9.1 Scope9.1.1 Trigger Quantities for Protection Levels9.3 General Requirements9.4 Approved Containers9.5 Storage Cabinets9.6 MAQ Maximum Allowable Quantity

NFPA 30 Template

9.7 Control Areas9.8 Occupancy Classifications9.9 Construction Requirements9.10 Fire Protection9.12 Electrical9.13 Containment, Drainage, Spill Control9.16 Explosion Control

NFPA 30 – 2008 Edition

Completely new layout to incorporate the HazMat template

8 chapters became 29 chapters(including room for expansion)

NFPA 30 – 2008

Chapters 1 through 7:• administration• referenced documents• definitions• liquid classification• fire prevention and risk control• electrical

NFPA 30 – 2008

Chapters 9 through 16:• storage of containers and intermediate bulk

containers in buildings, hazardous materials storage lockers, outdoor storage, detached / unprotected buildings

• separate chapter (Chapter 16) on fire protection design criteria

NFPA 30 – 2008

Chapters 17 through 19:• processing facilities• handling, dispensing, transfer, use of liquids• specific operations

• heat transfer systems• vapor recovery / processing• solvent distillation units

NFPA 30 – 2008

Chapters 21 through 25:• storage tanks

• aboveground• underground

• storage tank buildings• storage tank vaults

NFPA 30 – 2008

Chapters 27 through 29:• piping systems• loading & unloading facilities• wharves

NFPA 30 – 2008

Amends definition of “liquid” in 3.3.30• fluidity > 300 penetration asphalt• viscous material with no specific melting point,

but determined to be a liquid per ASTM D4359, Standard Test for Determining Whether a Material is a Liquid or a Solid

NFPA 30 – 2008

NFPA 101 definition of “Occupancy”NFPA 101 definitions for various types of occupancies

NFPA 30 – 2008

Flammable liquids storage cabinets• replaces 3 cabinet limit per fire area with occupancy MAQ

NFPA 30 – 2008

Uses NFPA 5000 (building code) concepts of “controlarea,” “maximum allowable quantity per controlarea,” and “protection level” so NFPA 30 nowcorrelates with NFPA 1 and NFPA 5000

• also has correlation with International Fire Code

NFPA 30 – 2008

Control Area concept (9.7) establishes limits for eachfloor level:

• number of control areas per floor• barrier fire rating between control areas• maximum allowable quantity (MAQ) per control

area• percentage of ground level MAQ

NFPA 30 – 2008

Protection level identifies additional requirementsthat apply to situations where MAQ is exceeded

NFPA 30 – 2008

Maximum Allowable Quantity (MAQ) establishesquantity limit applicable without special protectivemeasures

• Table 34.1.3.1 of NFPA 5000

NFPA 30 – 2008

For other than industrial, mercantile, storage, MAQs are:

Class Quantity (gallons)I & II 10*IIIA 60*IIIB 120

*can be exceeded if kept in storage cabinets andaggregate does not exceed 180 gallons

NFPA 30 – 2008

Concepts of “cut-off room” and “attached building” replacedby concept of “liquid storage room”

• used for storage of liquids• does not exceed 500 sq ft• may or may not have exterior wall(s)

If > 500 sq ft Liquid Warehouse

Inside Liquid Storage Areas (2003)

inside room

cut-off room

attachedbuilding

Liquid Storage Rooms (2008)

NFPA 30 – 2008

Replaced provisions for storage of flammable &combustible liquids in general purpose warehouses

• Now limited to MAQ of NFPA 5000

NFPA 30 – 2008

New fire protection criteria for the following:• palletized storage of 8 oz plastic bottles of 80%

water-miscible flammable (Class I) liquids in cartons

NFPA 30 – 2008

New fire protection criteria for the following:• single-, double-, multi-row rack storage of Class

IIIB liquids in corrugated paper-board IBC with flexible plastic liner (“bag-in-box”)

• up to 275 gallon (size)

NFPA 30 – 2008

New fire protection criteria for the following:• single-, double-, multi-row rack storage of Class

IIIB liquids in corrugated paper-board container with flexible plastic liner (“bag-in-box”)

• up to 6 gallon (size)

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