NURSING MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE THE FOUNDATION OF NURSING

NURSING

MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE

THE

FOUNDATION OF NURSING

MATH

Considered one of the critical skills necessary to practice in the nursing

profession

BASIC MATH

1. Add, subtract, multiply and divide whole numbers

2. Add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions

3. Add, subtract, multiply and divide decimals

ALGEBRA

1. Set up and solve ratio and proportion problems

2. Convert from one system of measure to another

SYSTEMS OF MEASURE

1. Metric System

2. Apothecary System

3. Household system

WEIGHT

METRIC APOTHECARY HOUSEHOLD

454 grams 16 ounces 1 pound

1 Kilogram 2.2 pounds

VOLUME

METRIC APOTHECARY HOUSEHOLD

1 milliliter(ml) 15-16 minims(m) 15-16 drops(gtt)

4 milliliters(ml)

(cc)

1 dram or 4 ml’s or cc’s

1 teaspoon(t), 60 drops

ORDER: Give Fentanyl 5 mg/hr. The bag is labeled 250 mg in500 ml of solution. How fast will the IV need to be infused to giveThe correct dose?

IV DRUGS

5 mg = 250 mg 5 (500) = 250 x 2500 x= 10ml/hrx ml 500 ml 250

RATIO AND PROPORTION

When the order is written as unit of measurement/Kg of wt/minute• The order is Dopamine 20mcg/Kg/minute. The

bag is labeled Dopamine 100 mg/50 ml. The patient weighs 88 lbs. How fast will the IV run to give the dose?

1. First because the weight is in lbs, you must convert lbs. to Kg. (88 lbs = x Kg)

2. Find the hourly dose. The order is written in mcg/Kg/min you multiply by 60minutes to get the hourly dose. 20mcg x 40 Kg x 60 =48,000mcg/hr

Continued

3. Note that the concentration is in mg/ml not mcg, so you must convert to obtain like units of measure.

100 mg = 1mg x= 100,000 mcg/ml

x mcg 1000 mcg

CONTINUED, PAGE 2

4. Lastly set the problem up in ratio and proportion.

1000,000 mcg = 48,000 mcg/hr

50 ml x ml

1000,000x = 24 ml/hr IV rate

MY DAY

Counting is a very important issue in my area of practice. The return of all sharps, sponges, and instruments is a necessity for a positive outcome for the patient

MORE MATH

• Estimate the blood loss during the procedure

• How much irrigation was used during the procedure

• Tourniquet calculations

1. ANATOMY 6. CLINICAL NUTRITION2. PHYSIOLOGY 7. GENERAL CHEMISTRY3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY4. MICROBIOLOGY 9. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY5. PHARMACOLOGY 10. BIOCHEMISTRY

SCIENCE

•

ANATOMY

STUDYING THE HUMAN BODY

• BONES• MUSCLES• TENDONS• VESSELS• JOINTS• SYSTEMS*

PANCREASAND

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PHYSIOLOGY

• To study how the human body functions

FUNCTION OF THE PANCREAS/AND THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

WHAT THE PANCREAS DOES

The pancreas secretes various substances such as digestive enzymes, insulin, and glucagon which empties into the duodenum(small bowel).

Digestive enzymes catalyze reactions so the body can utilize food as fuel.

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

WHAT THE PANCREAS DOES

This secretion is in response to increased levels of glucose in the blood. Insulin also regulates the metabolism of glucose and and the processes necessary for the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.

Insulin lowers blood glucose level and promotes transport and entry of glucose into the muscle cells and other tissues.

Uncorrected severe deficiency of insulin is incompatible with life

PATHOPHSIOLOGY

• To study the biologic and physical manifestations of disease

• It explains the processes within the body that result in the signs and symptoms of a disease

DIABETES

Is a complex disorder of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism that is the result of a deficiency or complete lack of insulin secretion by the beta cells of the pancreas.

The eyes, kidneys, nervous system, skin, and circulatory system may be affected by the long term complications

DIABETES TYPES

TYPE I

Is an autoimmune process and is dependent on insulin, diet, and exercise.

TYPE II

Is developed from heredity, obesity, sedentary life style, high-fat, low-fiber diets, hypertension, and aging. May need insulin, but not dependent, and oral agents, diet and exercise.

PHARMACOLOGY

Learning the properties, uses, and actions of drugs

MEDICATION

Insulin comes many different mixtures. They work at different times and are given in different dosages. The number of times insulin is given vary depending on diet, activity, stress, and medical implications.

Oral diabetic agents stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin, helps body produce less sugar, slows the digestion of carbohydrates, decrease peaks in blood sugar levels after eating

CLINICAL NUTRITION

To study the processes involved for proper body functioning and maintenance of health

PEANUT BUTTER vs.

ORANGE JUICE

CHEMISTRY

The science dealing with the elements, their compounds, and the molecular structure and interactions of matter

CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC• Animals and plants

• DOES contain carbon

INORGANIC• Sand, salt, iron

• NO hydrocarbons

MICROBIOLOGY

Studying of microorganisms that include bacteria, algae, protozoa, and fungi

BACTERIA

HARDER TO FIGHT OFF PATHOGENS

BIOCHEMISTRY

The study of organisms and life processes

DNA/BLOOD COAGULATIONPROTEIN STRUCTURE/

GLYCOLYSIS/REGULATE BLOOD GLUCOSE LELVEL

SUMMARY

BASIC MATH

1. Add, subtract, multiply and divide whole numbers

2. Add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions

3. Add, subtract, multiply and divide decimals

1. ANATOMY 6. CLINICAL NUTRITION2. PHYSIOLOGY 7. GENERAL CHEMISTRY3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY4. MICROBIOLOGY 9. INORGANIC CHEMISTRY5. PHARMACOLOGY 10. BIOCHEMISTRY

SCIENCE

QUESTIONS/ANSWERS