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NUTRITION NEEDS OF
Older Adults
MY PLATE PRESENTATIONSUSAN WALTERS R.D.
DEFINITIONS Of Older Adults
Elderly : 65+ OR 75+YEARS
Senior Citizens : Wide range 55,60,62 or 65years
Geriatric: Based on Impairments
1. Falls
2. Immobility 65+ PROBLEMS
3. Incontinence 75+ No concerns
4. Impaired Intellect
(Calories) (Calories)
Sedentary 1600 2000
Average 1800 2200-2400
Active 2000-2200 2400-2600
How many calories???
Activity Female 51+ Males 51+
MALNUTRITION : Hidden Epidemic
IN USA
CALORIE NEEDS DECREASE WITH AGE
LEARN TO BALANCE NUTRIENTS/CALORIES
ANY BODY SIZE CAN BE MALNOURISHED
Average, Overweight or Thin-defined by
culture and personal life experiences
Definition of Malnutrition
Lack of adequate intake caused by:
Not enough Food to Eat
Not eating the right foods
Unable to digest and metabolize nutrients
Who are at risk and why?
ALL PEOPLE AS WE AGE HAVE CHANGES
1 Needs decrease for calories
2 GI changes
3 Inability to shop or cook
4 Decreased appetite
5 Weakened immune system
Sarcopinia
Disease in older adults that results
In actual muscle mass loss
Changes are subtle and occur over time
Weight loss, poor appetite and muscle
loss
To determine nutritional adequacy
Ask open ended questions
Ask questions regarding health changes
Has your weight changed in past year?
Have you had any recent surgeries?
Any new medical problems?
Any nonhealing skin
Rate your energy 1-10 ( Ten the best)
Observations and Questions
Look to see if there is any obvious muscle wasting in the face, shoulders or clavicle
Obvious signs of dehydration: severe thirst
or dry mouth, and decreased urine output.
Sometimes Mistaken for Hunger- Dehydration
Ask about fluid intake
American Academy of Family
Physicians
Assessing Nutritional health
Questions to ask in non-threatening manor.
Tool for Assessing Nutritional
Health
Be specific with questions
Don’t ask How is your appetite? “Fine”
Weight Loss: Ask a Specific Amount Of TIME
Handout with Questions
Ways to Improve Intake
Increased spices rather than salt
Large variety of colors and foods
Serve nutrient dense and Soft Foods
eggs meatloaf
cheeses pasta
casseroles beef, turkey, chicken
milk yogurt
Appropriate snacks for Health
Fruits and vegetables
Low Fat Foods
Sweet but not high in added
sugar
Crunchy but not high in Fat
Snack Ideas
More suggestions on
Eat Right Handout
Supplements?
Do not need Ensure or Boost
Make your own with Carnation Instant Breakfast
and whole milk
Add Protein Powders to shakes
Make Fruit Smoothies / Have Cold and available
Add fruits and nuts to salads
Vitamin supplements
Don’t need if good diet and it is balanced
Safest to ask MD before starting any
supplements .May have medication interactions
Don’t take vitamins in high doses just meet 100%
More is not better and may waste money.
Don’t count on vitamins rather than good foods
Diet Restrictions Due to Diseases
Diabetes
Cardiac
Renal
Hypertension
Gastric acid reflux
Poor Dental status
Big Question?????
When do diet restrictions STOP
Or can we be less strict??
Aim for Healthy Eating Habits
Summary
Be creative with cooking
Make mealtimes special
Colorful Foods and Variety
Try new foods and involve residents in
meal planning and preparation
Think nutrition!!1
My Plate
What Happened to Basic 4 Food Groups?
Why did we change? What about the Pyramid?
My Plate started in June 2011 after 19 years
with the pyramids
Why? To give a visual Guideline for Parents
5 Food Groups
Grains 5-6 servings
Protein 6-8 ounces
Fruits 2 cups
Vegetables 2-3 cups
Dairy 2-3 cups
Guidelines for 50+ years
General Guidelines
Build a healthy Plate
Reduce Sugars ,Fats and Salt
Portion control is Important
Be Physically Active
Nutrition Needs of Older Adults
Did we Answer the Question?
What do we know now?
Nutrient dense foods are needed with
decreased intake at meals
Malnutrition can be a problem for poor
appetites, or poor choices
Variety of foods and colorful meals may help
appetite
My Plate serves as a visual guide for foods
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