Observation vs. Inference - L. Frazier Banks Middle …...How do observations and inferences differ?...

Observation vs. Inference

• Observation – Anything you can see, hear, smell, touch, taste, (Using your senses).

• Observation Basics.

– Our perceptions are not photographs, they are constructions - something that our minds manufacture.

– What we perceive is partially determined by what we know or believe.

– Constructive perception has survival value - it helps us make sense of the world.

– So, seeing is not necessarily believing.

Do these red lines bend?

• Video Link! Amazing Anamorphic Illusions

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBNHPk-Lnkk

• Please write down the phrase that you will see on the next slide? You get just a second.

Mary had

had a little lamb

“Write down what it said in your journal?”

“Did your brain act faster than

your eyes?”

Mary had

had a little lamb

Mary had

had a little lamb

Mary had

had a little lamb

Our brains are programmed for normal right side-up.

Remember…

• An observation is the act of gathering information by using your senses

– So, seeing is not necessarily believing.

What is an inference?

• An inference is the process of drawing a conclusion from given evidence.

Catalyst: Look at the following picture. What is happening? Write a short paragraph/story

about what you think happened.

So for the Catalyst…

• Possible observations might be:- there are two sets of tracks- one set of tracks is smaller than the other- the two sets of tracks meet - only one set of tracks is visible after the two sets meet

So, for the Catalyst…

• Possible inferences might be:- two animals were walking toward one another- the animals had a fight- the bigger animal ate the smaller animal

How do observations and inferences differ?

• An observation is only what you can actually see, smell, taste, touch or hear

• An inference is what you decide based on those observations

Why Is It So Important to Differentiate Between Observations and Inferences?

• In science, we need to base our hypotheses and experiments on facts and observations

• If we base our hypotheses and experiments on opinions or inferences, we can never prove anything!

• Science is based on facts and observations, not INFERENCES! However, your inferences could help guide future experimentation.

• Activity! How well do you observe the world around you.

– Observe the scene for 1 minute and then answer some questions afterward.

• Questions about the previous scene.

• Questions for the street scene.

–How many vehicles were driving?

• Two were driving, two were parked.

–What type of vehicles were they?

• Utility van with no labels and small 4 door SUV.

–What colors were they?

• Utility van was white, SUV was dark blue

–Was it raining?

–Answer: No. But the SUV’s wipers were on, conditions were overcast and the SUV could have just possibly come from the rain or driven through a sprinkler.

Inference

–What was the speed limit?

• 35 mph

• What country is this picture in?

• 35 mph

• What country is this picture in?

• The United States most likely because 35 mph is not Metric. The U.S. is one of the few countries to use the Old English System.

Inference

–How many witnesses were there, what were they doing?

• One witness, mowing the lawn.

–What season was it?

• Summer, the leaves were well established and green.

• Questions about the previous scene.

• What is this a picture of?

• What else?

– A women (adult) with blonde hair, maroon shirt and wearing eyeglasses.

• Questions for the ocean scene?

– Specifically, where was this photo taken?

• Questions for the ocean scene?

– Specifically, where was this photo taken?

– Picture taken by passenger on a bus or train (tinted windows). Image is of a women sitting by the window seat. No smoking sign can be seen in the reflection. Her left arm is against her cheek.

Observation vs. Inference - L. Frazier Banks Middle …...How do observations and inferences differ?...

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