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Indonesian Renewable Indonesian Renewable Energy DevelopmentEnergy Development
and and Opportunity to Implementation Opportunity to Implementation
of CDM Schemeof CDM Scheme
Asian Science & Technology Seminar in JakartaBPPT, March 8th-9th 2007
Irhan Febijanto
Content of Presentation
Present Condition of Renewable Energy and the barriers
Biomass Potential for a fuel & CDM opportunity
The role of CDM scheme
Present Condition of Renewable Energy Development
Geothermal (4%)
Micro/Mini Hydro (12%)
Solar (0.003%)
Bioenergy (0.6%)
Wind (0.005%)
Wave, etc
Present Condition of Renewable
Energyin Indonesia
Reasons of Low Development Speed
-High Cost
- High dependency on Imported Technology
- Lack of incentive provided by government
- Low Ability of Human Resources
Sugar Cane, Palm Oil, Rubber, Paddy, Wood, Coconut,Cassava , Disposal
Utilizing CDM Scheme to Reduce Barriers
Present Condition of Renewable Energy
in Indonesia
- High Cost
- High dependency on Imported Technology
- Low Ability of Human Resources
- Lack of incentive provided by government
- Development Speed is very low
Utilizing CDM Scheme
- Additional Revenue (selling CER price)
For CO2 reduction ----increase 2 or 3% of IRR
CH4, PFC, SF6----equal to investment cost or more
- Transferring knowledge and technology
- Transferring knowledge and technology
-?
-Many proposal for Renewable energy projects are brought by foreign investors/developers.
Biomass Potential for a fuel
Sugar Cane Bagasse
Palm Oil
Paddy
Coconut
Rubber
Cassava
Wood
Rice Husk
Waste Wood
Shell, Fiber
Rubber Wood
EFB, Fiber, Shell, POME
Methane Gas
Excess Biomass WastePower Generation Technologyetc.
?
Energy Industry through CDM
is possible !!Waste City Methane Gas
Plantation
Energy Resource in Plantation Factory
ElectricityExcess
biomass waste
PLN
STEAM GENERATOR/
CAPTIVE POWERSteam Processing
Electricity
Biomass WasteFactory
Households
utilize excess biomass waste
SellingExcess Electricity
utilize biomass waste
Fossil Fuel
Unused
One of schemes for Energy Industry in Agro Industry CDM opportu
nity
existingplanned
Energy Potential from Biomass Waste
No Kind of Plant Waste Amount (ton/thn)
Energy (MWh)
1 Palm OilEmpty Fruit Bunch 4627744 6427422Shell 1234065 5141938Fiber 2262453 6913051
2 Sugar CaneBagasse 8068416 17257445
3 RubberRubber Wood 2808833 12901906
4 CoconutShell 3046463 15401563Fiber 6763148 31373492
5 WoodWood Waste 8345932 19473841
6 PaddyRice Husk 13585326 52831823
7 CassavaCassava Waste 7322800 36980140
TOTAL 99,714,880 262,549,427
Very Big Potential
Equal to reduction
22,000 kton heavy oil
Site Locations
No Kind of Plantation Locations
1 Palm Oil Palm Oil Mills in North Sumatera and West Kalimantan
2 Sugar Cane Sugar Cane Factories in East Java, Central Java, West Java and Lampung
3 Rubber Rubber Plantation and Factory in North Sumatera
4 Wood Plywood Factories in West Kalimantan and East Java
5 Paddy Paddy Research Center and Rice Mill in West Java
Biomass Fuel Potential – Sugar Cane(1)
Condition of Biomass Waste UtilizationBagasse is already used as a fuel to produce steam processing and electricity power.
1. Production of bagasse tends to decreaseCause of Deficit Bagasse
• Decreasing plantation area owned by small holders. • Different planting pattern• Using sugar cane seed which contains less fiber
2. Insufficiency of bagasse in first term of on season.• Other biomass is used to substitute bagasse• Change biomass fired boiler to coal fired boiler
Recent Condition
Biomass Fuel Potential - Sugar Cane (2)
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
1
2
3
4
5[×105]
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 [×106ar
ea [h
a]
sugar, bagasse [ton]area
sugar
bagasse
Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia (Sugar Cane) 2001-2003
Biomass Fuel Potential - Sugar Cane (3)
in East Java and Central Java1. In general, over than 50% of sugar cane plantation area is
owned by small holders.2. Old plantation and unefficient plant
Big Three Province in Bagasse Production
Province Sugar Cane(ton) Bagasse (ton)
East Java 840,283 3,978,471Lampung 525,384 2,114,05Central Java 158,357 880,690
in Lampung1. Sugar cane plantation area is owned by sugar factory (private)2. Relatively new and plant is efficient
Source : Pusat Penelitian Perkebunan Gula Indonesia 2003
Characteristics of Sugar Cane Plantation
Deficit Bagasse
CDM ProjectNew and more efficient plant
Utilization of bagasse
Biomass Fuel Potential - Palm Oil(1)
1. Shell and Fiber is utilized for fuel in boiler to produce steam processing and electric power
2. EFB is used as fertilizer or incinerated.3. Methane gas generated by waste water in pond is not yet utilized
ShellFiber
fuel Electric Power/Steam for Process
EFBShellFiber
POME
fuel Electric Power
orSteam for Processfuel
Current Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization
Next Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization (CDM project)
PLNselling electricity
Biomass Fuel Potential - Palm Oil(2)
To plantation To incineratorIncinerator
Excess Shell
CURRENT WASTE CONDITION IN PALM OIL MILL
Effluent discharge for land application
CPO Production Process
Palm Oil Mill
Fuel
Power Plant(Biomass Combustion)
Fiber
Shell
POME treatment
CPO Sludge
FFB
Plantation EFB
Onsite
DieselPower Plant
Biomass Fuel Potential - Palm Oil(2)
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
2
4
6[×106]
1
3
5
7
9
11 [×106
area
[ha]
CPO
, shell, fibre, EFB [ton]
area
shell
CPO
EFB
fibre
Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003
Province EFB (ton) Shell (ton) Fiber (ton)North Sumatera 2,537,954 676,788 1,240,778
1,330,841372,500
Riau 2,722,175 725,913Jambi 761,932 203,182
Big Three Province in EFB Production
Source : Directorate General of Forest Production Department 2003
Biomass Fuel Potential – Rubber (1)
Big Three Province in Rubber Wood Waste Production
Province area (ha) rubber (ton)
rubber wood waste(ton)
South Sumatera 705,956 35,975 607,828365,678341,258
Jambi 424,713 193,511North Sumatera 431,194 356,736
Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization
Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003
Almost utilized
Rubber Wood Fumigation Processfuel
Raw Material for Furniturematerial
Replanatation of Rubber tree produces rubber wood waste
Biomass Fuel Potential - Rubber (2)
Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-20031994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
4000
5000
25
27
29
31[×105]
area
[x 1
000
ha]
Waste R
ubber Wood [ton]area
waste rubber wood
Chip wood
Biomass Fuel Potential – Wood (1)
Forest Concession Area
Province Unit Area (x 10 3 ha)Kalimantan 127 10.76Irian Jaya 50 10.75Sumatera 43 2.80
Recent and Next Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization
Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003
More efficient factory, wood waste become
lesser
Logmaterial
Plywood
Wood Working
Sawn Timber
Block Board
Veneer
Particle Board
Moulding
Pulp
WoodWaste
(Excess)
fuelSteam for Process
Electric Power
PLN
sellingelectricity
fuel
Biomass Fuel Potential – Paddy (1)
Big Three Province in Paddy Waste Production
• the amount is relatively few and the locations are scattered.• it is utilized for fuel in brick factory, household in village
Province Production (ton) Rice Husk Potential (ton)
West Java 10,468,812 2,617,203East Java 8,914,995 2,228,749Central Java 8,123,839 2,030,960Source : Statistical Estate Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003
Rice Husk
(unutilized)
fuel
Electric Power
small Industries in Village
fuel
Large scale rice mill is potential
Recent and Next Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization
Biomass Fuel Potential - Cassava (1)
Province Production(ton)
Potential Biomass Waste(ton)
Lampung 4,217,341 1,593,266East Java 3,852,851 1,465,991Central Java 3,505,721 1,334,266
Source : Agricultural Statistic Indonesia, 2003
Big Three Province in Cassava Waste Production
Waste Water from Tapioca
Factory
Methane captured
Electric Power
Recent and Next Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization
Biomass Fuel Potential - Coconut (1)
Province Tall Coconut (ton)
Hybrida Coconut (ton)
Coconut Fibre(ton)
Coconut Shell (ton)
1,104,971 497,735735,622567,516
331,362255,638
Riau 467,035 60,563North Sulawesi 351,243 0East Java 270,976 0
Source : Statistical Estates Crops of Indonesia 2001-2003
Big Three Province in Coconut Waste Production
Recent Condition of Biomass Waste Utilization
• In General,coconut shell is utilized for carbon active material,etc
The potential amount scattered
Gas Methane Recovery – general condition of landfill
•High ratio of an organic waste•Open Dumping treatment•There are many scavengers and animals•Water treatment system is not good
Change to sanitary landfill
Flaring methane gasor
Using methane gas as fuel for gas turbine
G
B
Grid connection facility
Piping
Soil cover from Geo-textile sheet
Power generation Facility
Holes for Gas Recovery
To grid
Landfill Gas treatment
FacilityFlaring facilities
Blowers
×S
CH4
CO2
Gas collector facility
Gas Methane Recovery - Lay Out of Facilities
Booster/Flare Station Power Plant
Gas Collection WellsHDPE pipes φ75HDPE pipes φ200
Gas Methane Recovery – gas collection equipments
3rd
Transfer CER
1st
Installation for Gas engine generator, Flare system &
Piping for gas collector
Municipality Participants
Operation & Maintenance of Power Generation Facility
Supporting for PDD, Validation, Registration,
Verification
2nd
Bussiness Activity
Owner Developer
PT.PLN
Selling Electricity
Benefit from Selling Electricity
PPA
Project Scheme – proposal(example)
For Reduce Emission Reduction and for Substitute Fossil Fuel
Sugar Cane
Palm Oil
Paddy
Coconut
Rubber
Cassava
Wood
The potential is big, however the location is scattered
Gas methane generated from waste water in tapioca factory is high potential
Waste wood is potential, however elimination of illegal logging make us to more confirm about sustainable wood supply
Rice husk potential is scattered. The big rice miller should be found, to use rice husk as a fuel for power generation
Rubber waste wood mainly has utilized, however investigation in detail is needed to confirm it
EFB and POME are potential biomass waste. The large amount of those biomass could be explored in POM
Bagasse is potential, however excess bagasse in sugar factory is limited
Methane Gas in Landfill
The potential is big, but it is needed a specific know-how to recover and utilize methane gas in Indonesia because the characteristics of landfill is unique
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