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Oracle Applications 11i Concepts I
Brian Hitchcock OCP 11i DBA -- OCP 10g DBA
Sun Microsystemsbrian.hitchcock@sun.com
brhora@aol.com
Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 1 www.brianhitchcock.net
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Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 2
Presentation is Available
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Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 3
Contents Oracle Applications Concepts I
– What is Oracle Applications?– 11i Architecture– Oracle Application Tiers– Login to Oracle Applications– Online Oracle Application environments
Oracle Applications Concepts II– 11i Applications Filesystem– Applications DBA utilities– Database DBA vs 11i DBA– Backups– Resources
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Focus
Generic Oracle Applications concepts Not tied to specific installation(s) Provide background for how Apps works Help with support tasks in general Technical
– how it works– how to make it go
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What is Oracle Applications? Oracle Applications is:
– Also called Oracle E-Business Suite (EBS)– Huge, takes 100Gb just to install
Doesn’t include database data or staging area– Multiple business applications– System of record
Can’t remove users for example– Built on top of Oracle database (RDBMS)– A mess, you’ll never control it– Great job security
You don’t have to be crazy, but you soon will be…
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Why Use Oracle Applications?
Businesses have (or had) – Multiple business application systems
Peoplesoft for HR Siebel for CRM (Customer management) Other apps for orders, manufacturing etc.
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)– Provide single system for all business apps– One system of record
Latest trend is a single global instance
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What is ERP?
From wikipedia
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems attempt to integrate all data and processes of an organization into a unified system. A typical ERP system will use multiple components of computer software and hardware to achieve the integration. A key ingredient of most ERP systems is the use of a unified database to store data for the various system modules.
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Oracle EBS Products
Each business application is a ‘product’
Oracle Assets Oracle General Ledger Oracle Payables Oracle Receivables Oracle Cash Management Oracle Bills of Material Oracle Capacity Oracle CRM Oracle Advanced Planning & Scheduling Oracle Purchasing Oracle Business Intelligence Oracle Engineering
Oracle HRMS Oracle Inventory Oracle MRP Oracle Order Entry Oracle Order Fulfillment Oracle Payroll Oracle Project Costing Oracle Project Billing Oracle Purchasing Oracle TMS Oracle Work in Process. Oracle Process manufacturing.
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Oracle Applications Modules
Business applications– Referred to as module or product– Have two or three letter short names– General Ledger – GL– Accounts Receivable – AR– Advanced Pricing – QP– Configurator – CZ– Each has a database schema
Db schema name is application short name Db user for each application Db user APPS has access to all applications schemas
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Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 10
Oracle Applications
Older applications– Oracle calls them “Professional”– Based on Oracle Forms– Need JDK plugin to render forms
Newer applications– Oracle calls them “Self-Service”– Browser based
Eventually, all apps will be browser based
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Technical vs Functional Person
No one knows all of Oracle Applications– Don’t say you do in an interview
Technical– Database, configuration, patching– Infrastructure– How to stop/start the applications tier processes?
Functional– Business process of a product/module– How does General Ledger handle period close?
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Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 12
History of Oracle Applications
Major Versions– 10.7
Character based client, no java, database 7.3.4
– 11.0.x GUI client, no java in database (8.0.5)
– 11.5.x (known as 11i) GUI client, java, database 8.1.6 thru 10g
– 12.x Latest version, java, database 10g/11g
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History of Oracle Applications
Versions, number of products, number of objects– 10.7 40 products, 25,000 objects– 11.0.x 50 products, 30,000 objects– 11.5.5 161 products, 200,000 objects (first version of 11i)– 11.5.6 175 products, 240,000 objects– 11.5.7 179 products, 280,000 objects– 11.5.8 191 products, 278,000 objects– 11.5.9 191 products, 308,000 objects– 11.5.10 209 products, 268,000 objects– 11.5.10.2 211 products, 284,000 objects
From Installing, Upgrading and Maintaining Oracle E-Business Suite Applications 11.5.10+, Barbara Matthews et al
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Where Do You Fit In?
11.5.10.2 -- 211 products, 284,000 objects Each product is a business application All products need patching
– Patching becomes a full-time job
Each product has new features Many products are shared
– Multiple dependencies– Order management linked to General Ledger
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Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 15
11i Architecture
At a high level we have Tiers– (you will cry a lot while you support them)
Desktop Tier– User client
Application Tier– Lots of servers, more later
Database Tier– Oracle RDBMS
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TiersClient Desktop Tier Application Tier Database Tier
Web Server
Forms Server
ConcurrentProcessing Server
Admin Server
Reports Server
Discover Server
Database ServerWeb Browser
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Single NodeClient Desktop Tier Application Tier Database Tier
Web Server
Forms Server
ConcurrentProcessing Server
Admin Server
Reports Server
Discover Server
Database Server
Web Browser
Single Server – Single Node
APPL_TOP
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Two Nodes
Client Desktop Tier
Application Tier Database Tier
Web Server
Forms Server
ConcurrentProcessing Server
Admin Server
Reports Server
Discover Server
Database Server
Web Browser
Application Tier
Two Server – Dual Node
App Tier Server Db Tier Server
APPL_TOP APPL_TOP
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Two Nodes – Shared APPL_TOP
Client Desktop Tier
Application Tier Database Tier
Web Server
Forms Server
ConcurrentProcessing Server
Admin Server
Reports Server
Discover Server
Database Server
Web Browser
Application Tier
App Tier Server Db Tier Server
APPL_TOP
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Desktop Tier Browser
– HTML for newer self-service applications– Java applet for forms-based applications– Must not block popup windows
Applet– Forms client applet– Requires JVM to run inside browser– Oracle JVM implemented as browser plug-in
JInitiator Must have specific plug-in/JRE version
Configured at installation or through patching Mozilla versus Firefox
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Application Tier
Multiple servers– Web Server
Based on Apache
– Forms server– Reports server– Concurrent Processing server– Admin server– Discoverer server
optional
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Application Tier
For each of these servers– start/stop scripts– Log files– Configuration files– Software patches– Version information– Troubleshooting procedures– Bugs (no! really?)
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Application Tier Servers
Web server– Must be running to serve
Web-based self-service applications Oracle Applications login screen (web page)
Forms server– Must be running to serve forms-based applications
Reports server– Handles user requests for reports– Retrieves data from db and formats report– Sends report output to client browser
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Application Tier Servers
Concurrent Processing server– Glorified batch processing– Process long running queries in background– Schedule jobs
Work shifts Conflict resolution
– Concurrent requests Execute concurrent programs Executed by concurrent managers
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Types of Concurrent Managers
Internal concurrent manager– Controls all other concurrent managers
Standard concurrent manager– Process most concurrent requests
Specialized concurrent manager– Modified for special needs– Assigned to selected concurrent programs
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Application Tier Servers
Admin server– Not really a server– Collection of Applications DBA tools
Hence the AD in the names of the utilities– Adadmin
Set maintenance mode required for patching Recompile applications database schemas
– Adpatch Apply applications patches
– Adconfig Apply configuration changes to multiple products
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Application Tier Servers
Discoverer server (isn’t Disco dead?)– Part of Oracle Application Server– Part of Oracle business intelligence (BI)– Hides complexity of database
Maps db schemas to business user terms
– Supports ad-hoc query reporting Users can bring system to a crawl…
– Predefined reports Standardize reporting across organization
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Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 28
Database Tier
Oracle database– APPS database user
Can access all product data Doesn’t own product tables, indexes, sequences Has grants synonyms to product schemas
– Applications users Separate and distinct from database users FND_USER table, DBA_USERS table Change passwords carefully
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Applications Database
APPLSYS
AOL tablesAOL indexesAOL sequences
ALR tablesALR indexesALR sequences
AD tablesAD indexesAD sequences
etc,
GL tablesGL indexesGL sequences
GL
INV tablesINV indexesINV sequences
INV
AP tablesAP indexesAP sequences
AP
AOL code objectsALR code objectsAD code objects
GL packagesGL viewsGL proceduresGL functionsGL triggers
INV packagesINV viewsINV proceduresINV functionsINV triggers
AP packagesAP viewsAP proceduresAP functionsAP triggers
Grants and synonyms
APPS
APPS database user has grants synonyms to database schemas APPLSYS, GL, INV, AP and all other products
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Applications Db Tablespaces
Before 11.5.10– Each product had two tablespaces
Tables, indexes
– 200 products, 400 tablespaces
As of 11.5.10– Oracle Applications Tablespace Model (OATM)– 12 tablespaces total
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Applications Db Tablespaces
APPS_TS_TX_DATA -- transactional dataAPPS_TS_TX_IDX – transactional indexesAPPS_TS_SEED – seed data, reference dataAPPS_TS_INTERFACE – interface tablesAPPS_TS_SUMMARY – summary objectsAPPS_TS_NOLOGGING – temporary objectsAPPS_TS_QUEUES – advanced queuingAPPS_TS_MEDIA – graphics, spatial dataAPPS_TS_ARCHIVE – obsolete tables for compatibilityUNDO – undo tablespaceTEMP – temporary tablespaceSYSTEM – system tablespace
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Tiers and Servers
Single tier installation– App tier servers and database on single machine
Multiple tier installation– Database on one machine– App tier servers on one or more machines– Load balancing– HA– More complicated
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Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 33
Traditionally
Concurrent processing, db on same server– Concurrent processing uses database heavily– Reduce network latency
Other servers on apps tier server– May have multiple apps tiers for load balancing
Today– Network performance is better– Apps tier, db tier servers in datacenter– Concurrent processing can be on apps tier server
Only need to patch once
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Brian Hitchcock February 10, 2008 Page 34
What Does It Look Like?
Login to Oracle Applications– See user responsibilities– Select responsibility– Bring up
Form based application
Users form Web based application
Oracle Applications Manager
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
Forms Based
HTML Based
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Login to Oracle Applications
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Solution Beacon Provides Oracle Applications environments
– You can access for free– Must create an account with CSI number– www.solutionbeacon.com
Works from IE7– Had to de-install all Java, JRE etc.– Had to de-install Windows Media Player
Metalink Doc Id. 430359.1
– When you click on form JInitiator downloaded and installed
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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Solution Beacon
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