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Organic compounds• Carbon compounds– Organic compounds- primarily made of carbon• Carbon can from four covalent bonds• As a result, carbon can bon in a number of ways
Carbon compounds• Functional groups- cluster of atoms that
influence the characteristics of the molecules that contain them
Large carbon molecules• Monomer- small,
simpler organic molecule
• Polymer- contains many monomers
• Condensation reaction- reaction that joins two monomers, produces water
• Hydrolysis- water is used to break polymer
Energy currency
• Energy is required for life’s processes
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)- stores energy for this purpose
• Energy stored in phosphate group bonds
• Energy released when one bond breaks
Molecules of Life• Carbohydrates- Organic compounds
containing C, H, and O in a ration of 1:2:1 respectively–Monosaccharide- monomer of a carb,
simple sugar (glucose)–Disaccharide- 2 monosaccharides bonded,
double sugar (sucrose)–Polysaccharide- many monosaccharides
bonded• Glycogen- polymer of glucose in animals• Starch- polymer of glucose in plants
• Protein- composed of C, H, O, N– Monomer- amino acid– Dipeptide- 2 amino acids joined by a peptide bond– Proteins contain polypeptides– Serve as structural components and enzymes
• Lipids- large nonpolar molecules– Do not dissolve in water– Fatty Acid- long carbon
chain with a carboxyl on end• Saturated- no double
bonds, solid at roop temp, found in animals• Unsaturated- double bonds
present, liquid at room temp, found in plants
• Lipids–Triglyceride- glycerol bonded to 3 fatty
acids–Phospholipids- glycerol with 2 fatty
acids–Other lipids include waxes and steroids–Serve as structural components and
energy storage
• Nucleic Acids- large molecules that store information– Nucleotide-
monomer of nucleic acid
– Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)- stores genetic info
– Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)- transfers info needed to make proteins within cells
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