ORGANIC MOLECULES BY DAWN THOMPSON Organic molecules

ORGANIC MOLECULES

BYDAWN THOMPSON

Organic molecules

Carbohydrates

CARBOHYDRATES ELEMENTS: C H O H:O = 2:1 BUILDING BLOCKS: monosaccharides (glucose,

simple sugars) FUNCTIONS:1. preferred energy source - glucose/short term glycogen/long term 2. storage material – starch/plants glycogen/animals

3. structural material- cellulose/plant cell wall

chitin/fungus cell wall, insect exoskeleton

SOURCES: Honey, candy, spaghetti, rice, potato, bread

End in ose

More carbohydrate info

MonoS: single sugar unit C6H12O6

glucose, fructose DiS: double sugar unit C12H22O11

sucrose. PolyS: many glucose units (C12H10O5)n

arranged differently cellulose, glycogen, starch

Proteins

PROTEIN ELEMENTS: C H O N sometimes P and S BUILDING BLOCKS: amino acids 20 types variable

amino gp carboxyl gp FUNCTIONS: 1. growth and repair 2. enzymes – speed reactions

3. hormones –insulin, controls blood sugar

4. nails, hair, muscle, hemoglobin 5. last resort source of energy

SOURCES: dairy products, peanuts, meat

BONDING OF AMINO ACIDS

Amino acids bond together making proteins.

C—N peptide bond forms between amino acids

Amino acids end in ine or ate

Lipids

LIPIDS ELEMENTS: C H O #H huge compared to O

BUILDING BLOCKS: fatty acids and glycerol (E)

FUNCTIONS: 1. energy source

2. insulation

3. water proofing 4. plasma membrane

SOURCES: butter, fried foods, bacon fat

Other info about lipids Room temperature: fats-solid, oil-liquid Insoluble Saturated fats: contain saturated fatty acids

with single bonds along C chain, animal lipids. Not good, solid.

Unsaturated fats: contain double bond/s along C chain. Plant lipids, good, liquid.

Waxes Phospholipids Steroids: cholesterol

Nucleic acids

NUCLEIC ACIDS ELEMENTS: C H O P BUILDING BLOCKS: nucleotides

Sugar+phosphate+N base

FUNCTIONS: 1. genetic blueprints 2. transferring information

EXAMPLES: DNA, RNA,