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Organization & Representationat the Philadelphia Convention
1787
Unit 2, Lessons 9 and 10
James Madison (VA)James Madison (VA)
• “Father of the Constitution”
• Greatest influence on structure of National Govt.
Who Attended?
Who Did Not?Who Did Not?
Rules of the ConventionRules of the Convention• Civil DiscourseCivil Discourse: reasoned : reasoned
discussion which allows all people discussion which allows all people to speak.to speak.
• SecrecySecrecy to ensure the free to ensure the free exchange of ideas.exchange of ideas.
• No Women, Blacks, or Natives!No Women, Blacks, or Natives!
Virginia PlanVirginia Plan (Large State)(Large State)
• James Madison & Edmund RandolphJames Madison & Edmund Randolph
• Bicameral Legislature proportionate to Bicameral Legislature proportionate to state pop.state pop.– Lower House = represents citizens Lower House = represents citizens – Upper House = elected by Lower House, Upper House = elected by Lower House,
nominated by state legislaturesnominated by state legislatures
• Executive: elected by legislature, vetoExecutive: elected by legislature, veto
• Judiciary appointed by legislature for life. Judiciary appointed by legislature for life.
New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan (Small State) • By William PatersonBy William Paterson
• Unicameral LegislatureUnicameral Legislature representing the representing the states with specified (states with specified (enumeratedenumerated) powers ) powers (taxation).(taxation).
• Plural ExecutivesPlural Executives: elected by legislature : elected by legislature – (1 year term).(1 year term).
• JudiciaryJudiciary decides decides specificspecific types of cases types of cases (for life)(for life)
The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise • Roger Sherman & Oliver Ellsworth (CT)Roger Sherman & Oliver Ellsworth (CT)
• House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives: : elected by elected by & represents citizens proportionate to & represents citizens proportionate to state pop. state pop.
• SenateSenate: represents states equally (2 : represents states equally (2 per), nominated by state legislatures per), nominated by state legislatures (until 1913). (until 1913).
Three-Fifths Three-Fifths CompromiseCompromise
• State census conducted every 10 years State census conducted every 10 years for apportioning # of reps. to Housefor apportioning # of reps. to House.
• State pop.= all free persons + 3 out of State pop.= all free persons + 3 out of every 5 slaves!every 5 slaves!
• Each slave counts as 3/5ths a person Each slave counts as 3/5ths a person when computing direct taxes.when computing direct taxes.
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