OUTLINE 2 II. Cell Differentiation A. What do we know? B. The developmental landscape model

OUTLINE 2

II. Cell Differentiation

A. What do we know?

B. The developmental landscape model

C. Two hypotheses for how cells become differentiated

1. Nuclear alteration2. Nuclear differentiation

D. Experimental evidence

1. Seward totipotency in carrots2. Gurdon - nuclear transplantation in toads

Your TAs

Eric Raab: gonoles33@aol.comNicole Stevens: nms02f@garnet.fsu.edu

You

Class Major CareerFr: 9 Bio: 128 Medicine: 95So: 147 Ex. Phys: 56 Allied Health: 48Jr: 57Biochem: 16 Research: 21Sr: 27 Chem: 10 Vet med: 12

Psych: 9 Other: 6Undecided: 58

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Outline of Lecture 1

I. THE CENTRAL DOGMAA. DNA structureB. DNA ReplicationC. Chromosomes

1. Prokaryotic2. Eukaryotic

D. RNA Structure

E. Transcription1. Summary2. Prokaryotes3. Eukaryotes

F. Translation1. The genetic code2. Summary of translation

The Genetic Code

Fig. 17.4

Codon - 3 base sequencethat codes for one amino acid or is a signal.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)Fig. 17.13

Translation of mRNAinto protein

Fig. 17.12

Fig. 17.25

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Muscle

Nerve Blood

Intestinal

EGG

OUTLINE 2

II. Cell Differentiation

A. What do we know?

B. The developmental landscape model

C. Two hypotheses for how cells become differentiated

1. Nuclear alteration2. Nuclear differentiation

D. Experimental evidence

1. Seward’s totipotent carrots2. Gurdon - nuclear transplantation in toads

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Waddington’s Developmental Landscape

brain skinmuscle lung

Undifferentiatedcell

Nuclear Alteration

Nuclear Differentiation

Which One?

Fig. 21.5 Seward’s carrot experiment

Fig. 21.6Nuclear transplantation

Fig. 21.8

Dolly and “mom”

Stem cell research

Noah - an endangered guar

Issues related to totipotency

OUTLINE 3

III. Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

A. Regulatory proteins

B. The operon model

C. Examples

1. the lac operon (substrate induction)2. the tryp operon (end product repression)3. the lac operon (positive control)