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KEY CONCEPT 1.2Beginning about 10,000 years ago, some
human communities adopted sedentism and
agriculture, while others pursued
hunter-forager or pastoralist lifestyles—
different pathways that had significant
social and demographic ramifications.
AP Themes 1.2.16 Thematic Learning Objectives
INTERACTION Neolithic RevolutionFarming and IrrigationAgricultural Diversity & Abundance
POLITICAL Development of Elites
ECONOMIC Neolithic RevolutionDiffusion of Domesticated Plants & AnimalsDevelopment of Agriculture & PastoralismAssociated Technological Innovations
Topic Workshop #10PRIMARY STATEMENT OF ANALYSIS
The Neolithic Revolution led to the
development of more complex
economic and social systems.
As the Pleistocene Age ended and the Holocene Age began,
the average global temperature began to rise
allowing hominids to migrate beyond the equator to other regions and continents and new foods and resources.
CAUSATION
Topic Workshop #10Supporting Statement of Evidence
Possibly as a response to climatic change,
permanent agricultural villages emerged first in
the lands of the eastern Mediterranean.
Agriculture emerged independently in
Mesopotamia, the Nile River Valley, Sub-Saharan
Africa, the Indus River, the Yellow River (or
Huang-He) Valley, Papua New Guinea,
Mesoamerica, and the Andes.
The NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION is marked by the movement from
Foraging Societies to Settled Agriculture. This developed
independently across the globe at different times.
PERIODIZATION
There was an overlapping era between Paleolithic and Neolithic cultures as cities GRADUALLY moved from foraging to agriculture: Mesolithic Age
-Domestication of Animals-Development of Pottery-Slash-and-Burn Agriculture
EVIDENCE
Topic Workshop #10Supporting Statement of Evidence
People in each region domesticated locally
available plants and animals.
Topic Workshop #10Supporting Statement of Evidence
Pastoralism developed in Afro-Eurasia
grasslands, affecting the environment in a
variety of ways.
Pastoralists affected the environment by grazing large numbers of animals on fragile
grasslands, leading to soil erosion when the land was
overgrazed.
CAUSATION
Topic Workshop #10Supporting Statement of Evidence
Agricultural communities had to work
cooperatively to clear land and create the
water control systems needed for crop
production, drastically affecting
environmental diversity.
Agricultural practices associated with the Neolithic
Revolution and irrigation drastically impacted
environmental diversity as some crops and animals
became preferred to others.
CAUSATION
In order to control labor forces for large scale agricultural or irrigation projects, a class of elites develops.
CAUSATION
Permanent settlements emerge in the form of
Neolithic Villages across Afro-Eurasia.
(NOT civilizations)
EVIDENCE
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