View
217
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Department of Civil Engineering
Performance Investigation of
Different Large Diameter Water Pipe
Materials Prepared by:
Ameya Paradkar, Chandan Venkatesh
Pradip Deshmukh, Rahul Manda
Tushar Joshi
Graduate Students
Center for Underground Infrastructure Research
and Education (CUIRE)
Director: Dr. Mohammad Najafi, P.E., F. ASCE
The University of Texas at Arlington
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Disclaimer
All pipe materials have advantages and limitations, and can
deteriorate over time. Many project specific factors,
operations and maintenance procedures of a specific utility,
and site and soil conditions around the pipe affect pipe
performance. Not all of these factors were considered in
the literature used this presentation, or considered in the
limited utility survey responses received. Therefore, this
presentation cannot be used as basis for selection or
rejection of any specific pipe material, and/or to make any
design decisions on a project, which is responsibility of
design professionals.
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Outline
• Introduction and Background
• Pipe Materials
• Objectives
• Methodology
• Results
• Considerations for pipe material selection
• Conclusions
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Introduction and Background
• Water distribution and transmission networks form
essential components of water supply systems
• Study done by the Center for Underground Infrastructure
Research and Education (CUIRE)
• Focus is on large diameters (24 in. and larger) for water
applications
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Pipe Materials
• High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe
• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe
• Cast Iron Pipe (CIP)
• Bar-wrapped Pipe
• Ductile Iron Pipe (DIP)
• Steel Pipe
• Prestressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP)
• Other ( Reinforced Concrete, Asbestos Cement)
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Objectives
• Find details of pipe material inventory in different
diameter ranges (24-in. to 36-in., 42-in. to 48-in., and 54-
in., and larger)
• Identify considerations for not using pipe material
• Calculate performance of individual pipe material
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Methodology
• Survey Questionnaire
• More than 300 surveys sent to U.S. water utilities
• Data received from water utilities is used to analyze
performance of pipe materials
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Population Served by Water Utilities
0
250,000
500,000
750,000
1,000,000
1,250,000
1,500,000
1,750,000
2,000,000
2,250,000
2,500,000
2,750,000
3,000,000
3,250,000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Po
pu
lati
on
Water Utility
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Total Length of Water Pipelines
3 8
50
4 21 22 32
19
54
108 101
85
30
160 174
121
260
411
187
332
432
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Footage of Water System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
24" - 36" 1 0 26 0 0 3 0 0 7 0 22 5 25 4 0 15 0 69 0 2 68 246
42" - 48" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 8 12 5 2 0 23 0 18 0 24 35 129
54" and Larger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 3 0 0 0 23 0 3 164 20 36 257
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Fo
ota
ge (
mil
es)
Water Utility
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Pipe Material: PCCP
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Footage of Water System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
24" - 36" 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 13 0 26 9 0 0 25 2 0 171 42 0 0 19 309
42" - 48" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 32 0 0 0 17 0 0 39 19 0 0 8 118
54" and Larger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 12 0 0 21 10 21 0 68 147
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: Steel
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Footage of Water System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
24" - 36" 1 0 0 0 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 24
42" - 48" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
54" and Larger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Fo
ota
ge (
mil
es)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: PVC
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Footage of Water System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
24" - 36" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 4
42" - 48" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
54" and Larger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: HDPE
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Footage of Water System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
24" - 36" 1 8 2 4 19 11 13 7 31 1 3 10 0 86 23 3 0 9 0 113 56 399
42" - 48" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 7 0 3 1 0 0 1 0 3 5 21
54" and Larger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: DIP
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Footage of Water System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
24" - 36" 0 0 21 0 0 0 18 0 8 0 4 0 0 5 21 38 3 27 0 7 61 214
42" - 48" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 2 0 1 0 10
54" and Larger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 13
0
50
100
150
200
250
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: CIP
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Footage of Water System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
24" - 36" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 40 0 0 101 0 1 0 0 0 38 207
42" - 48" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 0 0 13 0 13 0 0 0 11 46
54" and Larger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5
0
50
100
150
200
250
Fo
ota
ge (
mil
es)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: Bar-wrapped
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Footage of Water System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
24" - 36" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 40 0 0 101 0 1 0 0 0 38 207
42" - 48" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 4 0 0 13 0 13 0 0 0 11 46
54" and Larger 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5
0
50
100
150
200
250
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: Other ( Reinforced Concrete, Asbestos Cement)
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Summary
Pipe Material Diameter Range Total Footage
(miles) 24” – 36” 42” – 48” 54” and Larger
HDPE 4 0 1 5
PVC 24 0 0 24
CI 214 10 12 236
Bar-wrapped 207 46 4 257
DI 399 21 6 426
Other 274 119 63 456
Steel 309 118 146 573
PCCP 246 129 257 632
Total 1,675 444 493 2,612
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Relationship between Inventory
and Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
Less than 25 years old 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 6 0 0 0 8 0 31 0 20 99170
Between 25 to 50 years old 0 0 6 0 0 3 0 0 5 0 36 14 30 6 0 30 0 3116522 39387
Between 50 to 75 years old 0 0 19 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 22 0 25 0 0 0 72
More than 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: PCCP
27%
61%
11%
1%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Relationship between Inventory
and Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
Less than 25 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 5 0 0 0 21 1 0 34 11 21 0 11116
Between 25 to 50 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 14 2 0 0 24 1 0 75 1 0 0 1 118
Between 50 to 75 years old 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 8 0 0 11 1 0 75 28 0 0 28170
More than 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 29 0 0 29134
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: Steel
21%
22% 32
%
25%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Relationship between Inventory
and Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
Less than 25 years old 1 0 0 0 2 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 24
Between 25 to 50 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Between 50 to 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
More than 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Fo
ota
ge (
mil
es)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: PVC
98%
2% 0% 0%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Relationship between Inventory
and Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
Less than 25 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 5
Between 25 to 50 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Between 50 to 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
More than 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: HDPE
100%
0% 0%
0%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Relationship between Inventory
and Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
Less than 25 years old 1 8 1 0 14 11 8 7 25 1 0 19 0 54 21 0 0 6 0 46 39259
Between 25 to 50 years old 0 0 1 0 5 0 5 0 9 0 0 0 0 11 2 2 0 3 0 63 26128
Between 50 to 75 years old 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
More than 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: DIP
66%
33%
1%
0%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Relationship between Inventory
and Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
Less than 25 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 4
Between 25 to 50 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6 1 0 1 0 7 60 78
Between 50 to 75 years old 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 0 5 0 3 0 0 1 13 8 2 1 0 0 0 38
More than 75 years old 0 0 19 0 0 0 16 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 48 2 26 0 0 0 114
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Fo
ota
ge (
mil
es)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: CIP 2%
33%
16%
49%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Relationship between Inventory
and Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
Less than 25 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 27 0 0 0 1 0 4 44
Between 25 to 50 years old 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 61 0 2 0 0 0 48175
Between 50 to 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 23 0 5 0 0 0 0 30
More than 75 years old 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: Bar-wrapped
17%
68%
11%
4%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Relationship between Inventory
and Age
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ∑
Less than 25 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 13 2 40
Between 25 to 50 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 5 24 0 59 3 102
Between 50 to 75 Years 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 5 45 0 56 0 117
More than 75 years 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 0 11 0 129
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Fo
ota
ge
(m
ile
s)
Water Utility
Pipe Material: Other ( Reinforced Concrete,
Asbestos Cement, etc.)
10%
27%
30%
33%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Summary
Pipe Material
Inventory (miles) Total
Inventory
(miles)
Less than 25
years old
Between 25 to
50 years old
Between 50 to
75 years old
More than 75
years old
Unknown Age
HDPE 5 0 0 0 0 5
PVC 24 0 0 0 0 24
CI 4 78 38 115 2 237
Bar-wrapped 44 175 30 10 0 258
Other* 40 102 117 128 71 457
DI 259 128 4 0 34 426
Steel 116 118 170 134 37 574
PCCP 170 387 72 2 1 632
Total 661 988 430 389 145 2,612
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Considerations – PCCP
• Requires welder and contractor to perform repairs
causing delay to get pipe back in service
• More susceptible to damage during installation
• Not economical
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Considerations – Steel
• High water table
• Not economical
• Difficult to tap or repair
• Unfamiliar with the pipe material and its usage
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Considerations – PVC
• Not suitable for high pressure and volume
• Not approved for large diameter
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Considerations – HDPE
• Hard to handle and install for 24” and larger pipe size
• Cost
• Thermal coefficient
• Difficult to repair
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Considerations – DIP
• Corrosive soil conditions
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Considerations – CIP
• Corrosion
• System age
• High cold weather failure rates
• No longer manufactured
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Considerations – Bar-wrapped
• Not approved pipe material for diameters greater than
42”
• New to our department
• Not economical
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Performance of Pipe Materials
Pipe Material Number of Failures
Total Length
(in miles)
Performance
(per 100 miles)
Other 4 50 8
PVC 2 22 9
Bar-wrapped 35 258 14
DI 38 270 14
PCCP 92 613 15
Steel 110 574 19
CI 57 200 29
HDPE 0 5 Not Available
Department of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Conclusions
• A total of 21 water utilities serving a population of
13,892,502 having a combined footage of 2,611 miles for
24-in. and larger diameter sizes
• A total of 64% out of 2,611 miles is in between 24-in to
36-in. diameter range, 17% for 42-in. to 48-in. and
remaining 19% for 54-in. and larger
• The maximum inventory for all 21 water utilities is in
between 25 to 50 years of age which is 38% followed by
less than 25 years of age which is 25%, between 50 to
75 years of age 17% and for more than 75 years of age
15%
Based on 21 Water Utilities
Department of Civil Engineering
Thank You!!!
For more information:
Center for Underground Infrastructure
Research and Education (CUIRE)
Phone: 817-272-9177
E-mail: cuire@uta.edu
Website: www.cuire.org
Recommended