Plug-in Hybrid School Bus Update - National Conference of ...Plug-in Hybrid School Bus Project...

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Plug-in Hybrid School Bus Update

Ken DulaneyAdvanced Energy

Presentation Outline

Project HistoryWhy plug-in hybrids?Performance and MonitoringNext Phases

Who is Advanced Energy?

An independent non-profit located in Raleigh, NCOur mission is to create economic, environmental and societal benefits through innovative and market-based approaches to energy issues.Focus on solutions that are economically viable, environmentallyresponsible and reduce energy consumptionWe work in residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation markets

Plug-in Hybrid School Bus Project

Collaborative effort with manufacturers, operators and environmental agenciesIdentified market barriers and reduced risk where possibleFunding support from NC utilities, NC DENR, NC SEO, US DOE, US EPA, and AEGoal is to change the marketplace

How did we get here?

4 PhasesI. Feasibility Study (2003-2005)II. Pre-Production Operation (2006-2009)III. Fleet Testing (2008-2012)IV. Full Market Deployment (2013)

• Technical Feasibility• Business Feasibility• Overall FeasibilityCompleted

How did we get here?

4 PhasesI. Feasibility Study (2003-2005)II. Pre-Production Operation (2006-2009)III. Fleet Testing (2008-2012)IV. Full Market Deployment (2013)

• 20 Bus Purchase• Data Gathering

• Emissions• Fuel Economy• Maintenance

National Scope

• North Carolina (2)

• South Carolina (2)

• Florida (2)

• Virginia (1)

• Washington DC (1)

• Pennsylvania (1)

• New York (2)

• Arkansas (1)

• Iowa (2)

• Washington (2)

• California (1)

• Texas (2)

RFP for buses in June 2006IC Corporation selected based on specific criteria> 80 kW parallel plug-in hybrid > 28 kWh Li-Ion pack from Valence> $140k incremental cost

First buses delivered to Bradenton, FL in March 2007

Bid Award to Buses Delivered

Enova Systems Components

Battery Box

Hybrid Cooling

Motor

MCU

Enova Systems Components

Manatee County Charging

Estimated Benefits

Plugging-in is optional90-100% increase in fuel economy for the first 45 miles40% increase for remainder90% reduction in PM60% reduction in NOxIncreased engine, transmission, and brake lifeElectricity cost of 60¢/gallon equivalentOption for renewable electricity at $1 per gallon

Performance and Monitoring

Web reportingIC AwareEnova LoggingEmissions Testing

Web Reporting

Web Reporting

Fuel Economy Comparison

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

3/9 4/28 6/17 8/6 9/25 11/14

MPG

Manatee H 1Manatee H 2Manatee C 1Manatee C 2

Web Reporting

Fuel Economy Comparison

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

4/8 4/28 5/18 6/7 6/27 7/17 8/6 8/26 9/15 10/5 10/25 11/14

MPG

Columbia HColumbia CNazareth H 1Nazareth H 2Nazareth C 1Nazareth C 2Napa HWake H

Web Reporting

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

7/17/2007 7/27/2007 8/6/2007 8/16/2007 8/26/2007 9/5/2007 9/15/2007 9/25/2007 10/5/2007

Date

MPG

Not Plugged In

Plugged In

Wake County, N.C., Hybrid School Bus

Web Reporting

Average Fuel Economy

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

AVG

MPG

Columbia HColumbia CNazareth H 1Nazareth C 1Nazareth H 2Nazareth C 2Napa HWake HManatee H 1Manatee C 1Manatee H 2Manatee C 2

IC Aware

Parameters> Fuel economy> Speeds> Stops> Fleet location> Odometer

> Engine run time> Brake count and duration> Alert reports

Fault conditionsOut of range parameters (rapid accelerations or decelerations)

IC Aware

IC Aware

IC Aware vs Web Reporting

Average Fuel Economy

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

AVG

MPG

Columbia HColumbia CNazareth H 1Nazareth C 1Nazareth H 2Nazareth C 2Napa HWake HManatee H 1Manatee C 1Manatee H 2Manatee C 2

IC Aware Data

Enova Logging

Monitors hybrid system operationDetailed output every second> Speed, SOC, Voltage, Current, Gear, RPM, Motor

Temperature, Brakes, Throttle, etc.

Enova Logging

Power Versus Speed

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Speed (mph)

Pow

er (k

W) First Gear

Second GearThird GearFourth GearFifth Gear

Emissions Testing

Portable analyzer and Large Chassis DynamometerCorrelate engine operations and drive cycle with emissions

Next Steps

2 Year period of watching and recording emission, fuel economy, maintenance, general operation and driving performance. Program will be expanding with utility support> Approximately 300 buses> Estimated $80,000 incremental cost

Form on website for emailed program updates

Incremental Cost per Unit

$0

$40,000

$80,000

$120,000

$160,000

$200,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000Number of Units Sold

Incr

emen

tal C

ost (

$)

Cost Share

$0

$40,000

$80,000

$120,000

$160,000

$200,000

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000Number of Units Sold

Incr

emen

tal C

ost (

$)

Push vs. Pull Methodology

R&D Deployment

Leve

l of A

ctiv

ity a

nd F

undi

ng

Time (Years)

Push Methodology

R&D Deployment

Leve

l of A

ctiv

ity a

nd F

undi

ng

Time (Years)

Insert Money and Effort Here

Pull Methodology

R&D Deployment

Leve

l of A

ctiv

ity a

nd F

undi

ng

Time (Years)

Insert Money and Effort Here

Balanced Methodology

R&D Deployment

Leve

l of A

ctiv

ity a

nd F

undi

ng

Time (Years)

Insert Money and Effort

Here and Here

Advanced EnergyHybrid Buses

Plug-In Conversions

AE as Facilitator

School Districts

Bus Manufacturers

Drive Manufacturers

Battery Manufacturers

Government Agencies

Ken Dulaney, PE

919-857-9055kdulaney@advancedenergy.org