PNS Structure of Nerves Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Sensory receptors Motor control

Structure of NervesStructure of Nerves Cranial NervesCranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Spinal Nerves Sensory receptorsSensory receptors Motor controlMotor control

Structure & Classification of Structure & Classification of NervesNerves

Classification:Classification:Sensory, Motor, Mixed, Cranial & Spinal nerves; Ganglia

Cranial NervesCranial Nerves

• 12 pair of nerves

– arise from brain

– exit through foramina leading to muscles, glands and sense organs in head & neck

• Input & output ipsilateral except CN II and IV

I: Olfactory Nerve

II: Optic Nerve

III: Oculomotor Nerve & IV: Trochlear Nerve

V: Trigeminal Nerve

VI: Abducens Nerve

VII: Facial Nerve

VIII: Vestibulocochlear Nerve

IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve

X: Vagus Nerve

XI: Accessory Nerve

XII: Hypoglossal Nerve

Cranial Nerve Disorders

• Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)– recurring episodes of intense stabbing pain in trigeminal nerve

– pain triggered by touch, drinking, washing face

– treatment may require cutting nerve

• Bell’s palsyBell’s palsy– disorder of facial nerve causes paralysis of facial muscles on

one side

– may appear abruptly w/ full recovery w/in 3-5 weeks

Spinal Spinal NervesNerves

- 31 pairs of mixed nerves

- connect to cord via dorsal & ventral roots and rootlets

- away from cord branch into dorsal & ventral rami

- nerve plexuses

- nerve damage

Dermatomes:Dermatomes: skin segment skin segment innervated by cutaneous innervated by cutaneous sensory spinal nervesensory spinal nerve

Sensory ReceptorsSensory Receptors

• Stimulus typeStimulus type:– mechanoreceptor, thermoreceptors, nociceptors,

chemoreceptors & photoreceptors

• SourceSource:– exteroceptors, interoceptors & proprioceptors

• Structural complexityStructural complexity:– simple vs. complex

Organization of Organization of Somatosensory Somatosensory SystemSystem

1. Receptor levelReceptor level: sensory receptors

2. Circuit levelCircuit level: ascending fiber tracts

3. Perceptual levelPerceptual level: cerebral cortex

Hierarchy of Motor ControlHierarchy of Motor Control

PNS Structure of Nerves Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Sensory receptors Motor control

Documents

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