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Design & Development of 40kV/5kA Pseudospark Plasma Switch & Pasotron
(PSC-0101)
Presented By-VARUN PATHANIA
(Project Fellow)
Project LeaderDr. U.N. Pal
Switching characterization of double gap, 40kV/5kA demountable PSS.
Fabrication and assembling of sealed-off double gap PSS.Initial switching characterization of sealed-off PSS.Reservoir characterizationElectrical characterization of ferroelectric trigger source Switching characterization of sealed-off 25kV/5kA PSS.Switching characterization of radial channel 20kV/20kA PSS. Electrostatic analysis of PSS using Omni Trak.Electrostatic and plasma simulation of PSS using COMSOL.
Work Assigned
Switching characterization of double gap, 40kV/5kA demountable PSS
Modular double gap PSS
Schematic circuit
Experimental Set up
Probes
400 nF
5.25
Cathode
Anode
Trigger
Self breakdown voltage measurement at different H2 pressure
Trigger pulse from the pulse generatorRise time: 50 ns, Pulse width: 400 ns
Operating pressure range: 30 – 50 Pa Hold–off voltage for Gap1, Gap 2: > 30 kV Calculated hold–off voltage for Gap1+Gap2: > 60 kV Measured hold–off voltage for Gap1+Gap2: 40 kV (Max)
Switching characterization of double gap, 40kV/5kA demountable PSS
Experimental Results: Breakdown Voltage (BV): 39.5 kV Output Currents: 6, 10 kA Rise time ~ 250ns BV Fall time ~ 228ns Pulse width ~ 2.52µs Delay time > 200 ns
Switching characterization of double gap, 40kV/5kA demountable PSS
Anode and Cathode Sub-assemblies
Intermediate Anode and Cathode Sub-assemblies
Sealed-off double gap 40kV/5kA PSS
183.2 mm
Ø96 mm
Test setup for conditioning of 40kV/5kA PSS
Results Obtained:-Hold off Voltage = 52kV
Parameters:-Gas Used = HydrogenGas Pressure = 30-40 Pa
Experimental Results: Breakdown Voltage(BV): 35.4 kV Output Currents: 7kA Rise time ~ 350ns BV Fall time ~ 50ns Pulse width ~ 1.52µs Delay time > 300 ns
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
10
20
30
Volta
ge(k
V)
Time(s)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cur
rent
(kA)
Switching characterization of double gap, 40kV/5kA sealed-off PSS
Activation, gas loading and characterization of Hydrogen Reservoirs
Reservoir Used:Reservoir used: Non-evaporable Sintered Porous GetterMaterial: Zirconium power and St 707 power (70%Zr +24.6% Vanadium + iron)Reservoir Type: St 172/LHI/9.5-7.5Activation current: 8.3A @ 900oCResistance of Single Reservoir: 259 mΩResistance of two reservoirs in parallel: 129 mΩ
4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.50
20406080
100120140160180200
Pres
sure
(Pa)
Current (A)
Forward Reverse
R
C
Characterization of Ferroelectric Trigger Source
Experimental Results: Trigger voltage nearly same Trigger current decreases with pressure Collector current increases with pressure
0 20 40 60 80 1000.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0
Trig
ger V
olta
ge(k
V)
Pressure(Pa)
R=50 ohm & D=10mm with diffrent Presure
0246810121416182022
Colle
ctor
Cur
rent
(A)
32
34
36
38
40
Trig
ger C
urre
nt(A
)
0 20 40 60 80 1000
1
2
3
4
Trig
ger V
olta
ge(k
V)
Pressure(Pa)
R=10 ohm & D=10mm with diff pressure range
4
8
12
16
20
24
Col
lect
or C
urre
nt
28
32
36
40
44
Trig
ger C
urre
nt
Characterization of Ferroelectric Trigger Source
0 2 4 6 8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Brea
kdow
n vo
ltage
(kV)
Time (s)
LPT - 05 H2 gas
Reservoir current 5.8 A
0
2
4
6
Disc
harg
e cu
rren
t (kA
)
Parameters used: Load resistance=3.25 Charging capacitance=205nF
Results obtained: Breakdown Voltage: 24.5kV Output Current: 5.2 kA Fall time ~ 150 ns Rise time ~ 300 ns
Schematic Circuit of 25kV/5kA PSS Experimental set up
LPT -05
Switching characterization of 25kV/5kA sealed-off PSS
Experimental set up Schematic Circuit diagram
High current PSS
Schematic view Demountable type PSS
Switching characterization of 20kV/20kA PSS
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
0
5
10
15
Volta
ge(k
V)
Time(s)
Capacitance: 800 nFload resistance: 1
0
5
10
Cur
rent
(kA)
Results obtained : Breakdown Voltage: 15kV Output Current: 13 kA Fall time ~ 100ns Rise time~122ns
0 10 20 30
0
5
10
15
20
Brea
kdow
n vo
ltage
(kV)
Time (s)
Capacitance: 800 nFShort circuit/no load
-20
-10
0
10
20Di
scha
rge
curr
ent (
kA) Results obtained :
Breakdown Voltage: 18.8kV Output Current: 20 kA Fall time ~ 130ns
Switching characterization of 20kV/20kA PSS
Steps in OMNI TRAK SimulationMesh generation
Organizing AMaze simulations by HiPhi.
PHIVIEW generates plots and analyses of solutions from HiPhi.
Electrostatic analysis using OMNI TRAK Soft.
Electrostatic Analysis of Single Gap PSS
Upto 200V
Between 20-40kV
Electrostatic Analysis of Double Gap PSS
Geometry Design.Assign design parameters to geometry.Assign boundaries for electrodes.Assigning parameters for dc discharge.Result analysis.
Steps for COMSOL
Plasma parameter analysis using COMSOL Soft.
Plasma parameter analysis using COMSOL Soft.
Plasma parameter analysis using COMSOL Soft.
PublicationsJournals:
1. H. Rahaman, V. Pathania, D. K. Pal, R. P. Lamba, B. L. Meena, N. Kumar, U. N. Pal, Ram Prakash, “Plasma based Double Gap Pseudospark Switch for Pulsed Power Modulators” Int. J. Electronics and Comm. Tech., vol. 6, issue 1, pp. 134-36, 2015.
2. V. Pathania, D. K. Pal, B. L. Meena, N. Kumar, U. N. Pal, R. Prakash and H. Rahaman, “Switching Behavior of a Double Gap Pseudospark Discharge” in IEEE Trans. Electrical Devices Sci., July. 2015.
3. R.P.Lamba, V. Pathania, B. L. Meena, H. Rahaman, U. N. Pal and Ram Prakash “Investigation of a High urrent Linear Aperture Radial Multichannel Pseudospark Switch” in Rev. Sci. Instrum. Vol. 86, 103508, 2015.
Conferences:
1. V. Pathania, H. Rahaman, B. L. Meena, D. K. Pal, N. Kumar, U. N. Pal and Ram Prakash, "Development of a Plasma based Multi-Gap Pseudo-Spark Switch for 40 KV/10 kA Ratings" 29th National Symposium on Plasma Science and Technology (PLASMA- 2014), 8-11, Dec. 2014, Kottayam, Kerala.
2. V. Pathania, H. Rahaman, D. K. Pal, R. P. Lamba, B. L. Meena, N. Kumar, U. N. Pal and Ram Prakash, “Switching Characterization of Double-Gap 40kV/5kA Pseudospark Switch” National Workshop on Vacuum Electronic Devices and Applications (VEDA- 2014), 20-21 March 2015, School of Physics, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore (M.P.).
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