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The quest to find superior
avocado rootstocks(AV07008)
Danielle Le Lagadec & Terry CampbellDanielle Le Lagadec & Terry Campbell
Queensland Primary Industries and FisheriesQueensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
VC project: Simpson Farm Pty Ltd & Birdwood NurseryVC project: Simpson Farm Pty Ltd & Birdwood Nursery
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Aim
Identify superior rootstocks that have been excluded from existing
Australian rootstock trials
Trial site
• Established in 2004 in Childers, Central Queensland
• Trial extends over 4 ha
• 11 rootstocks with Shepard as scion & 33 rootstocks with Hass as
scion
• Five replicated plots of three trees each per rootstock with a guard tree between each plot
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Trial site
• Deep well drained red soils with low Pc pressure
• Standard farm management practices
Trial monitoring
• Yields per tree, by mass and fruit number
• Fruit quality assessments after cold storage
• Tree health ratings in July (pre-flowering)
• Graft compatibility rating
• Measure tree vigour
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
‘Shepard’ ‘Hass’
Seedling rootstocks Clonal rootstocks Seedling rootstocks Clonal rootstocks
‘Ashdot’ (Israel)‘Degania’ (Israel)‘Reed’ (USA)‘Zutano’ (USA)BW18 (Aus)BW197 (Aus)BW2 (Aus)BW78 (Aus)‘Velvick’ (Aus)
BM1 (RSA)BM2 (RSA)
‘Ashdot’ (Israel)
‘Degania’ (Israel)‘Reed’ (USA)‘Zutano’ (USA)BW127 (Aus)
BW128 (Aus)BW140 (Aus)BW16 (Aus)BW181 (Aus)
BW19 (Aus)BW197 (Aus)BW2 (Aus)BW5 (Aus)
BW6 (Aus)BW62 (Aus)BW68 (Aus)BW7 (Aus)BW70 (Aus)
BW78 (Aus)BW80 (Aus)BW93 (Aus)‘Velvick’ (Aus)
BM1 (RSA)BM2 (RSA)‘Duke 7’ (USA)BC101 (Aus)BC128 (Aus)BC16 (Aus)BC19 (Aus)BC197 (Aus)BC62 (Aus)BC7 (Aus)‘Velvick’ (Aus)
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Shepard
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Average yield per tree - 2009
Avg Yield / tree - Shepard
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Ashdot
BW
2
BW
78
Degania
BW
197
BM
2
Zuta
no
Reed
Velv
ick
BW
18
BM
1
Yie
ld (
kg
/tre
e)
Rootstock Tons / ha
Ashdot 8.18
BW2 6.93
BW78 6.69
Degania 6.13
BW197 5.96
BM2 5.52
Zutano 5.50
Reed 5.45
Velvick 5.41
BW18 4.90
BM1 4.27
Spacing 11 x 5m: 180 trees / ha
P=0.004
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Tree size & effective yieldAvg canopy volume - Shepard
100
150
200
250
300
350
Velv
ick
BW
197
BW
18
Reed
BW
78
Degan
ia
BW
2
Zuta
no
BM
2
Ashdo
t
BM
1
Can
op
y v
ol (m
3)
P<0.001
Avg yield per canopy volume - Shepard
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
Ashdot
BW
2
BW
78
BM
2
Degania
BM
1
Zu
tano
Reed
BW
197
BW
18
Velv
ick
Yie
ld (k
g/m
3)
P<0.001
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Cumulative yield (2006-2009)
Avg cumulative yields (2006-2009) - Shepard
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Ashdot
Velv
ick
BW
197
BW
78
Degania
BW
2
BW
18
Zuta
no
Reed
BM
2
BM
1
Avg
yie
ld p
er
tree (
kg
)
2006 2007 2008 2009P<0.001
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Tree health rating and graft compatibility
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Hass
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Average yield per tree 2009 – seedling rootstocks
Avg yield per tree - Hass on seedling rootstocks
0
20
40
60
80
100
As
hd
ot
BW
78
BW
68
BW
70
BW
18
1
BW
14
0
BW
7
De
ga
nia
BW
19
7
BW
19
Zu
tan
o
BW
2
BW
80
BW
6
Ve
lvic
k S
BW
16
Re
ed
BW
93
BW
12
8
BW
12
7
BW
62
BW
5
Yie
ld (
kg
)
Rootstock Tons / ha
Ashdot 13.87
BW78 13.45
BW68 13.23
BW70 12.03
BW181 11.99
BW140 11.84
BW7 11.67
Degania 11.55
BW197 11.09
BW19 10.52
Zutano 10.48
BW2 10.43
BW80 10.14
BW6 10.12
Velvick S 9.67
BW16 9.24
Reed 9.09
BW93 8.54
BW128 8.37
BW127 7.76
BW62 7.62
BW5 6.95
Spacing 11 x 5m: 180 trees / ha
P=0.116
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Tree size & effective yield – seedling rootstocks
Avg canopy volume - Hass on seedling rootstocks
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
BW
5
BW
16
BW
12
7
Ve
lvic
k
BW
12
8
BW
18
1
BW
80
BW
6
De
gan
ia
BW
14
0
Reed
BW
7
BW
78
BW
2
BW
19
BW
70
BW
62
BW
93
Zuta
no
BW
19
7
BW
68
As
hdo
t
Can
op
y v
ol
(m3)
Avg yield per canopy volume - Hass on seedling rootstocks
0.15
0.25
0.35
0.45
0.55
0.65
0.75
Ashdot
BW
68
Zuta
no
BW
78
BW
70
BW
197
BW
140
BW
7
BW
19
Degania
BW
2
BW
181
BW
93
BW
80
BW
6
Reed
BW
62
Velv
ick
BW
16
BW
128
BW
127
BW
5
Yie
ld (
kg
/m3
)
P<0.001
P<0.001
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Cumulative yield (2006-2009) – seedling rootstocks
Avg cumulative yields - Hass on seedling rootstocks
0
50
100
150
200
250
BW
2
Degania
Ashdot
BW
78
BW
70
BW
7
BW
19
BW
181
BW
197
BW
140
BW
80
BW
6
BW
127
Velv
ick S
BW
62
BW
16
BW
93
BW
68
BW
5
BW
128
Zuta
no
Reed
Avg
yie
ld (
kg
/tre
e)
2006 2007 2008 2009P<0.001
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Average yield per tree 2009 – clonal rootstocks
Avg yield per tree - Hass on clonal rootstocks
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
BC
62
BM
2
BM
1
BC
7
Du
ke
7
BC
10
1
Ve
lvic
k
BC
19
7
BC
16
BC
19
BC
12
8
Yie
ld (
kg
)
P<0.001
Rootstock Tons / ha
BC62 11.36
BM2 10.11
BM1 10.01
BC7 9.89
Duke 7 9.39
BC101 9.10
Velvick C 8.56
BC197 8.32
BC16 7.41
BC19 7.20
BC128 4.20
Spacing 11 x 5m: 180 trees / ha
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Tree size & effective yield – clonal rootstocks
Avg canopy volume - Hass on clonal rootstocks
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
BC
62
BC
16
BC
101
BC
19
BC
197
Velv
ick
BM
1
BM
2
BC
7
Duke 7
BC
128
Can
op
y v
ol
(m3)
Avg yield per canopy volume - Hass on clonal rootstocks
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
Du
ke
7
BM
2
BC
7
BM
1
BC
62
BC
10
1
Ve
lvic
k
BC
19
7
BC
19
BC
16
BC
12
8
Yie
ld (
kg
/m3
)
P=0.001
P<0.001
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Cumulative yield (2006-2009) – clonal rootstocks
Avg cumulative yields - Hass on clonal rootstocks
0
50
100
150
200
250
BC
62
BC
101
BM
2
BC
197
BC
16
Velv
ick
BC
19
BC
7
BM
1
Duke 7
BC
128
Av
g Y
ield
(k
g/t
ree
)
2006 2007 2008 2009P<0.001
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Tree health rating and graft compatibility
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Conclusions
• Seedling rootstocks
– Ashdot appear to be a dwarfing rootstock with both
Hass and Shepard as scion,
– Ashdot produced the highest yield and was the most
productive rootstock
• Clonal rootstocks
– BC62 has consistently produced the highest yield for
the past 4 season and is the most vigorous tree
© The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2009
Queensland Primary Industries and Fisheries
Acknowledgments
• Sincere thanks to:
– Birdwood Nursery, Simpson Farm Pty Ltd, QDPI and HAL for their financial support
– To Simpson Farm Pty Ltd for maintaining the trees and for providing the labour for the harvest
– Rachael Langenbaker and the staff of the Bundaberg Research
Station for their technical help
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