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1
SECOND
GRADING
Civilization is the condition that
exists when people have developed
efective ways o organizing a society.
Early Asian
Indus Huang-Ho
(Yellow
!igris "nd
#uphrates
River
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Summer Civilization
%esopota&ia identi'ed as the
cradle o civilization )ecause it e&erged
the 'rst civilized hu&an society. !he
%esopota&ia is located in the %iddle #ast
called *ertile +rescent(Ira,. ocated in thisarea o !igris and the #uphrates valley
where civilization arose.
!he cities that ound in here was the
r/ ru0/ #ridu/ aggash/ 1ippur and 2ish.
!hey contri)ute ziggurat/ clay ta)let/
cuneior&/ epic o 3igla&esh/ sexagesi&al
syste& and wheel.
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4
Indus Civilization
In 5outh "sia will see the river valley o
the Indus and the 3anges. 6eore civilization
esta)lished with the co&&unity during the
1eolithic. !he co&&unity %ergah west o the
river Indus.
!he two i&portant city in the Indus is
the %ohen7o-8aro and the Harrapa. 5carce
natural resources o the Indus such as &etal
and wood so ar&ing was the &ain activity
here.
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9
Shang Civilization
6eca&e the scene o the Han dynasty
huang ho river yellow river is also called since
then its water :ooding are leaving or yellowloess land serves as ertilizer on agricultural
land near here. %any people are prepared here
)y planting/ the plants against water as the
place&ent o the e&)an0&ent. ;ith the
co&&unity to 7oin it. 3reening the &ain
activities during this period. 6eca&e the
ongshan transition in 5hang civilization.
!he writing )eca&e an i&portant part
o +hinese culture. Calligraphy writing syste&
o their &eeting that served as one o the
+hinese 'nishes. 5y&)ol used to writing the
ORACLE ONES! 8ue to consecutive poor
leadership o the 5hang 0ings had allen and it
or&ed the reign o the dynasty. "ssu&ed )y
the +hinese that their civilization e&erged in
the Huang Ho is one o the ancient civilization
and living oldest civilization in the world. !he
outloo0 continues to towards the
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<
*or the =apanese/
their sacred
e&peror
descended ro&
"ccording to the
+hinese their
e&pire the center
o the universe
and the ruling was
the son o heaven
and with the
"oundation o# Early Asia
Civilization
8ivine origin 2orea
ro& >rince Hwaning
In India the 0ing was
0nown as 8evara7a
(3od 2ing and
ca0ravartin as 0ing
In the >hilippines and
other countries in
south #ast "sia 0nown
as the ruling was )ased
on courage/
co&petence and
!he %usli& leaders
called their caliphwere nailed
co&&and and
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?
A$$adian
Empire
%&''(%%)'
CE
Do*n"all
%ain
reason or
the
decline o
the
5u&erian
is oten
con:ict
and
disunity o
the cit
Contri+ution
- !hey
created
irrigation- 6uilt cities
using &ud- !hey
traded
with the
people o
&ountainsand
Empire
Sumerian
),'' CE
Civilization in An-ient .est
6eco&e
wea0 their
deense
syste& ontheir
territory
2ing 5argon/ an
invader ro& the
"00ad are
reconstruction o the city state
coupled to the
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@
a+yloni
an
Empire
1&/'(
1,/,
CE
citizens. He
expanded the
territory o
"00ad as headcovered )y the
support o the
war. He
developed the
syste& owriting. %any
lieratura the
they easily
con,uer o
the
con,ueror.+ontracting
its lac0 o
con'dence in
leadership/
so he wantedso&e people
to evacuate
6eginning o
the death o
Ha&&ura)i
too0 the
attac0 o
diferent
group and
they are
starting to
reconstructio
n o the
co&&unities
Ha&&ura)i/ the
sixth 0ing
"&orthe. He
expanded his
0ingdo& to
reach 3uipo o
>ersia. !he
collection o
Ha&&ura)is
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A
Ha&&ura)i or the
aw o Ha&&ura)i
is one o the &osti&portant
contri)utions o the
ancient hu&an
civilization. !he code
o Ha&&ura)i
consisted o $B$
laws that serve as
standards o
6a)ylonian
civilization. +overed
)y this code are
8ue to the
)rutality
o
leadership/ united
Assyria
n
Empire
&0,(
1%
;ith the violence
and iron/ stronger
orces and strategies
o the "ssyrian.5o&e o their
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C
and >ersian in
?D$ 6+# to
pagtulungang
drive the"ssyrian. !he
invasion o
"lexander the
3reat ater
4BB yearsand let
al&ost no
people who
developed an
efective syste& o
leadership in thee&pire. #fective
postal service. ;ell
Chaldean Empire
1%(,)/
CE
!he Hanging
3ardens o
6a)ylonian one o
the &ost stunning
sights in ancient
ti&es reached @<
eet in height.
1alinang concept
o zodiac and
horoscopes. 8o
the &a0ing o the
ziggurat to reach
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DB
Lydian
Empire
2'(,0&
CE
6artters syste& o trade
)y co&&unicating
exchange products withother products.
+o&&unication )eca&e
easier learned the trade o
*ound
not
concentr
ate on
the
esta)lish
&ent othe
govern&
ent and
ar&ed
orces. !he are
;ith the&
)egan the
concept o the
colony. 6eca&e
station or lay
colonial goods
not political.I&portant
contri)ution is
the alpha)et.
Here lies the
&odernal ha)et.
3hoeni-ian
Empire
1%''(2''
CE
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DD
4e+reo
Empire
1'''(
&%%
)ecause not
only the
product
their part)ut also the
people living
in their
!he high tax
i&position
2ing
Reho)oa&
caused the
insurrection
o5olo&ons
son cause o
disunity in
He)rew.
"ccording tothe Eld
!he 6i)le
)eca&e the
oundation
o the aith
o =udais&
and
+hristianity.Hi)it in the
worship and
sacri'ce to
the a0e 3od
)eca&e the)asis o
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D$
the cause
o disunity
in the
,uarter to
three
diferent
0a0a&eron
o Israel
)rought
&an
4ittite
1''(
,%
CE
%ost i&portant invention o
the Hittite core iron &ining
and &anuacture o various
&etal tools. 6ecause it was
easy and ast to the& the
con,uest o various
5tarting
a war
withoreign
e&pire
8ecided to )uild
a road that
connects a longro& the city
susa persia ro&
3ersian Empire
,,'(),'
CE
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their orces.
!hey easily
con,uered)y the
3ree0s and
they allen
into the
hands o
%inor to reach $/9BB
0&. se o silver and
gold coins to trade
Civilization in An-ient East and
1!5hou6Chou
1','(&&1 CE
• %andate o
Heaven
• Iron
"griculture
%! 7in6Chin
%%1(%' CE
• 3reat ;all
o +hina
• 3rowth o
>ower
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D9
,! 8ang
12( /'&
• %iddle +hinese
0! Sui
,21( 12
• *all
• +ulture
)! 4an
%' C( %%' AD
• %ilitary
! Sung
/'( 1%&2
• *ire 8ynastic
• !an 2ingdo&s >eriod
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2! 9ing
1)2( 100
• Ruling 8ynasty o
+hina
&! :uan
1%&2( 1)2
• 3reat Yuan
Civilization in An-ient South
Asia
Indo(Aryan
1,'' CE
• !all/ white/ strong eat
and drin0 wine. >lain
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;edi- 3eriod
• >eriod lasted ?BB years/
ro& D
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0 team in So-iety
• 6rah&in F priest
• 2shatriyas
• Vaishya
• 5udras
Esta+lishment o# the Caste
System
• "dopted the Indo-"ryan
or re7ect discri&ination
against 8ravidian to
8he literature o# the Indo(
Aryan
5ans0rit language over
DBB years carrying the Indo-
"ryan. Vedas call the previous
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DA
9aurya Empire
"dd the 'rst 0ing+handragupta %aurya dynasty/
$@4 6+# the displace add "so0a
%auryas grandson he led a
&ilitary ca&paign. 6uddhis&
Ale
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DC
9uslim invader
"t 'rst they want to spread
Isla&. 6ut they see the enor&ous
wealth o India tried to )eco&e 0ing
and prince. !he )est-0nown and &ost
powerul sultan sultanate was 8elvi.5uccessul %usli&s con,uered large
8oo$ the Golden age or Golden
Age
8eveloped the science
nowadays. 8eveloped new tools
and create a 0nie steelwor0. Here
Gupta Empire
!oo0 the 'rst 0ing o 3upta thevalley o the 3anges. River&oong 4$B
+#. 3upta reaches the highest popularity
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$B
Civilization in An-ient
South East Asia
8he 9ongols and the 9ogul Empire
5end 6a)ur was a young %usli&
invaders ca&e to India. He was a !ur0that descendants o !a&erlane and
3enghis. He propagated eastward
!he navigation o residential o other
race reached the 5outh #ast "sia. Hence they
in:uenced the people o 5outh #ast "sia to
plant/ cultivate/ nature wildlie/ sailing and
pasture. "t the sa&e ti&e they use pleasant
"ustronesian language.
Historically ul'lled )eore the
con,uered o the ;estern and other invaders
have considered 0nowledge o civilization and)eing the people o 5outh #ast "sia. "s ollows
the use o &etal/ &a0ing a a&ily/ worship and
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$D
=ingdom o# ;ietnam
Vietna& experienced theleadership o chinese. !he vietna&
sources o raw product to )e )rought to
+hina. 6een widely covered )y +hina in
northern Vietna&. Heritage o
=ingdom o# "unan> Chenla and
Champa
6eca&e strong power o
*unan or the help and in:uence o
Indian culture and +hina. 6ut theadvent o the sixth century it was
li)erated )y the 2h&er also called
chenla. 3iven they are the way to
*unan deeated. In southern Vietna&
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$$
=ingdom o# 3agan
It has agricultural
co&&unity. 5ee here the diferent
types o architecture. !hey
covered vast territory. %any great
leaders here. "lso allen due to the
Empire Ang$or 6 =hmer
*or&er sovereign land in the
region. +urrently ound in the ca&)odia.Ii =ayava&an headed dee&ed as the
strongest leader o the 2h&er. "ng0or
;at is the greatest ti&e was re,uired
=ingdom o# Ayutthaya
It was ounded )y !hong .. He
ounded dhar&asastra. " legal code
)ased on Hindu traditions and !hai. It
)eca&e the standard law o !hailand.
!he &onu&ent and te&ple are
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Religions in Asia
4induism
Hinduis& is the &ain religion in India/ the"rian tri)es is the 'rst who )elieved in
Hinduis&. !hey )elieve in &any 3ods ro&
diferent creatures o nature/ )ut it is gone and
replaced )y worship o 6rah&a. Veda the
sacred scriptures o the Hindus/ !he Vedas/teach that people have long and good lie.
Hinduis& respects individual worship they
have shrine/ saints. !hey went to holy places.
Hindu 6elies
Hindus )elieve in solidarity and unity o things
in the environ&ent that )rings spiritual unity.
Hindus )elieve in love/ respect or all living
things/ spirit or soul.
!hey worship diferent types and or&s o 3od
called polytheis&. >art o Hindus )elies is
reincarnation. Hindus )elieve in 2ar&a. !he
2ar&a will reward people i the sowed is
oodness )ut suferin turn )ac0 when the
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$9
uddhism
It was ounded )y 5iddharta
3auta&a/ a ypung prince/ )ut wanted
to ascetic to experience. He let the
reality o lie/ giving up the luxury/
po&p and good living. He let his
a&ily and travelled to discover
clarity. 5o 6uddhis& &eans Gight.
6uddhis& has two divisions
%ahayana 6uddhis&- 6uddha was
recognized as 3ods savior ro& the
teacher. %ahayana was adopted )ythe inha)itants o #ast "sia.
!heravada 6uddhis&- 6uddha was
recognized as a teacher and holy
&an. It identi'es the country o 5ri
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"our Great 8ruth o# uddhism
J !he lie and sufering cant )e separated
J 8esire is the cause o sufering
J 5ufering only lost i you re&ove the
desire
J 8esire will eli&inate i will ollow the
eight paths and will attain true happiness
or nirvana.
Eight Great .ay
D. Right >erspective
$. Right "spiration
4. Right 5peech
9. Right 6ehavior
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$?
Do-trines o# ?ainism
#ach person has a purpose to
li)erate the soul in resurrection and
death. *or)idden to eat &eat/ it is illegalto 0ill insects/ it is illegal to steal/ lie/
or)idden to have children and have sex.
1eed te&perate and discipline person.
Illegally har&ing any lie/ it is called
Si$hism
*ounded )y 3uru 1ana0. He
tried to unite the %usli&s in a
raternity. !he )elievers o 5i0his&
is ound in India/ >a0istan and
other parts o the world!
elie#s o# Si$hism
!here only one 3od. #ternal
truth his na&e. 6elieve in
reincarnation. "nd the ascension o the
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$@
8he 8en Commandments
D. !o love 3od a)ove all and
especially$. !hou shalt not worship
idols4. Hallow the sa))ath day9. Honor your ather and
&other
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$A
Christianity
+hristianity is the largest nu&)er
in all the religions o the world. It is
the religion )ased on the lie andteachings o =esus +hrist. +hrist the
savior sent to save the world.
+hristianity is the religion ro&
=udais&/ ro& the Eld !esta&ent to
the teachings o %oses +hrist is
the pro&ised %essiah and
Redee&er. +hrist said that 3od
love all o us and he is glad i he
will )e loved and serve. "dopted
)y the +atholic +hurch )elieves in
!rinity/ is the )elie in one 3od/
*ather/ 5on and Holy 5pirit. !he
6i)le is the holy )oo0 o
+hristianity. +hristianity is )ased
on two )eliesK !he identi'cation o
=esus as the 5on o 3od and )eliein his resurrection. >art o the
+atholic aith co&pliance 5even
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$C
elie#s and 8ea-hing o# Islam
!he 2oran is the holy )oo0 o
the %usli&s. Enly one 3od/ "llah.
!hey cant eat por0 and ha& and
drin0 alcohol. !he &an can have 9
wives to %usli&s. GIsla& ai&s to
)ring a)out prosperity to all
%an0ind and Gconsultative
syste& o leadership. 1oah/
")raha&/ %oses/ =esus and
%uha&&ad are the prophet o"llah. =esus is not considered as
Islam
Region o the %usli&s. 5aid
the second largest region in the
;orld. It co&es ro& the "ra)ic
word 5ala& which &eans peace
and 5i &uha&&ed the last
prophet sent )y "llah. He was the
reconstruction o Isla&.
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4B
"ive 3illars o# Islam
I&an (*aith
5alah (>rayer
La0ah (1ews +ontri)utors
5aw& (asting
Ha77 (;hen traveling
5oroastrianism
" religion propagated )y
Loroaster/ a preacher who lives in
>ersia. "gree with these religious
lie o people in the world are
pursuing towards good or evil. ed
the goodness o "hura %azda/ the
5upre&e 3od/ while in thedirection o evil "hri&an. "t the
end o ti&e "hura %azda will
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4D
o "hura %azda is going to live in a
0ingdo& eternal happiness and
well)eing. !he wic0ed will )e
punished orever. !he religious
teachings are recorded in the
)oo0s grouped together under the
title Lend-"vesta. ntil now/ &any
still )elieve in this religion in Iran
and India. 5eniors )elieved it oneor &ore thousand years to other
religions. *ro& here &any &a7or
doctrine aith/ as 3od and the
devil/ heaven and hell/ purgatory/
Shintoism
5hintois& call )elies ")out =apanese
goddess o the sun and other goddess o
nature. !he shinto &eans way or ways o
3od. ;e called 3od with power li0ass and
they dwell in the &ountain river ull &oon
roc0s and sun. !he also worshi their
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4$
Asian 3hilosophies
Con#u-ianism
" philosophy or way o
wal0ing o a persons lie. *ounded
)y +onucius in 5hantung +hina on
?-< th century 6+. His teaching is
re:ected in his )oo0 written.
+onucius )elieves is the good way
o living o a person will )ring
peace!
8aosim
*ounded )y ao !zu. He was
)orn in
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44
9ga 3anini*ala
Yin and Yang. 6eing one with nature
+hi. energy that co&es ro& nature or
hu&an
>eople. " orce )ehind the natural order
;u ;ei. invisi)le power within all things
>u. #verything is visi)le puppet without
preconceptions
8e. active liestyle
Legalism
egalis& is )ased on &eaningul and
powerul orces that )rought the state.
"griculture and ar&ed orces are so&e o
the ele&ents that &ay )e enacted in thestate. !atanggol ar&ing and town as
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49
i&portantly the legislation the
govern&ent strictly to all &e&)ers
o society to act and do good and
accurate. "nyone who violates thelaw will )e 7udged )y heavy
Role o# .omen in Early
So-ieties
Code o# 4ammura+i
!reat wo&en li0e products or
sale and )uy trade. Reconciling
wo&en to &en in exchange or&oney and dowry. "lthough still
young wo&en reconciling until he
reaches adult.
9anus Code o# La*
" wo&an who spo0e
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