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Property of Lear Siegler
DISTANCE ANDDIRECTION
Property of Lear Siegler
Find the airport at 31° 58’ North, 87° 20’ West
Property of Lear Siegler
ABC - Mode “C”
ABCD - Dialogue
Property of Lear Siegler
Terminal Learning Objective
At the completion of this lesson the student will:
Action: Identify the characteristics of a course
Condition: Given a plotter and a Sectional Aeronautical Chart
Standard: In Accordance With (IAW) Field Manual (FM) 3-04.240
Property of Lear Siegler
Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #1
Action: Select scales used for measurements
Condition: Given a plotter
Standard: IAW FM 1-240
Property of Lear Siegler
PLU-2/C Flight PlotterFor Sectional Charts, Use 1:500,000
SP - 4 Flight PlotterSectional Chart Side, 1:500,000
WARNING !!! Do not use the 1:1,000,000
scale side of the plotter!Property of Lear Siegler
Nautical Mile Scale - Top ScaleLabeled every 5 NM, 0 to 60 NM
Property of Lear Siegler
Nautical Mile Scale - Top ScaleLonger black increments placed every 1 NM
Shorter black increments placed every 1/2 NM
Property of Lear Siegler
Statute Mile Scale - Bottom ScaleLabeled every 5 SM, 0 to 70 SM
Property of Lear Siegler
Statute Mile Scale - Bottom ScaleLonger black increments placed every 1 SM
Shorter black increments placed every 1/2 SM
Property of Lear Siegler
Nautical Mile Scale – 1:500,000 ScaleLabeled every 5 NM, 0 to 55 NM
Nautical Mile Scale – Bottom LineLonger black increments placed every 2 1/2 NMShorter black increments placed every 1/2 NM
GrommetUsed to center longitude/latitude lines
when measuring direction
Property of Lear Siegler
Direction ScalesUsing longitude lines
Outer scale - use for flights in aneasterly direction, 0° to 180°
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Direction ScalesUsing longitude lines
Inner scale - use for flights in anwesterly direction, 180° to 360°
Property of Lear Siegler
Direction ScalesMarked in 1° increments and
read from right to left,regardless of direction of flight
Property of Lear Siegler
60° Direction ScalesUsing latitude lines
60° scale is located insidethe two larger scales
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60° Direction ScalesUsing latitude lines
Outer scales - use for flightin a southeast, southwest
direction, 150° - 210°Property of Lear Siegler
60° Direction ScalesUsing latitude lines
Inner scales - use for flightin a northeast, northwest
direction, 030° - 330°Property of Lear Siegler
Questions?
Property of Lear Siegler
Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #2
Action: Measure distance
Condition: Given a plotter and Sectional Aeronautical Chart
Standard: IAW FM 1-240
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Locate coordinate intersection.
DRAWING AND MEASURINGCOURSE LINES
2. Draw course line.
3. Measure the distance in nautical miles.
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Locate coordinate intersection.
DRAWING AND MEASURING COURSE LINES
2. Draw course line.3. Measure the distance in nautical miles.
DISTANCE25 NM
Property of Lear Siegler
Questions?
Property of Lear Siegler
Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #3
Action: Plot a course in degrees
Condition: Given a plotter and Sectional Aeronautical Chart
Standard: IAW FM 1-240
Property of Lear Siegler
TRUE COURSE
True course is always measuredclockwise from true north to the
proposed path of flight.
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Locate coordinates and draw course line between the two points.
DRAWING COURSE LINESAND MEASURING TRUE COURSE
2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring.
3. Slide plotter along course line using any parallel line on the plotter until longitude line intersects grommet.
4. Use inner/outer scale and read direction in degrees.
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Locate coordinates and draw course lines.
MEASURING TRUE COURSE
2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring.3. Slide plotter along course line until longitude line intersects grommet.
4. Use inner/outer scale to read direction in degrees.
NORTH?SOUTH?
SOUTHEAST?NORTHEAST?
DIRECTION - 045°
NOTICE!STRAIGHTEDGE OFTHE PLOTTER MUSTREMAIN PARALLELTO COURSE LINE.
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Locate coordinates and draw course line between the two points.
DRAWING COURSE LINES ANDMEASURING TRUE COURSE - 60° SCALE
2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring.
3. Slide plotter along course line using any parallel line on the plotter until latitude line intersects grommet.
4. Use 60° inner/outer scale and read direction in degrees.
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Locate coordinates and draw course lines.
MEASURING TRUE COURSE
2. Estimate approximate direction before measuring.3. Slide plotter along course line until latitude line intersects grommet. 4. Use 60° inner/outer scale to
read direction in degrees.
NORTH?SOUTH?
SOUTHEAST?NORTHEAST?
DIRECTION - 013°
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Place a tick mark every 10 NM.
MARKING A COURSE LINE
2. Label tick marks every 20 NM.
3. Select a visual check point every 15 NM.
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Tick mark course line every 10 NM.
MARKING A COURSE LINE
2. Label tick marks every 20 NM.3. Select a visual checkpoint every 15 NM.Property of Lear Siegler
20
40
1. Cities, towns, and airfields.
DAY VFR CHECKPOINTS
2. Highways and railroad intersections.
3. Prominent rivers and lakes.
Property of Lear Siegler
4. Prominent terrain features.
5. Towers.
6. Prominent man-made features.
1. Airport rotating beacons.
NIGHT VFR CHECKPOINTS
2. Cities and large towns.
3. Major, well traveled highways.
Property of Lear Siegler
4. Prominent lakes and rivers if moonlit or near large cities.
Questions?
Property of Lear Siegler
Enabling Learning Objective (ELO) #4
Action: Survey route of flight for hazards
Condition: Given Sectional Aeronautical Chart
Standard: IAW FM 1-240
Property of Lear Siegler
1. Determine highest MEF.
SURVEYING HAZARDSALONG A COURSE LINE
2. Determine elevation of highest terrain.
3. Determine obstructions.
Property of Lear Siegler
4. Determine classes and types of airspace.
5. Determine emergency airfields.
Questions?
Property of Lear Siegler
For light background reading: FM 3-04.240 Chapter 4 Paragraph 4-92 through 4-100
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