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Reconstruction 1865-1877. Ch. 12. Impact of Civil War. Economic Land Labor Industry Political Government Laws Socially Freedmen Confederate Leaders Militarily 5 military districts. Problems in the South. Damage had been great plantations ruined $$ was worthless - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ReconstructionReconstruction 1865-1877 1865-1877
Ch. 12Ch. 12
Impact of Civil War EconomicEconomic
LandLand LaborLabor IndustryIndustry
PoliticalPolitical GovernmentGovernment LawsLaws
SociallySocially FreedmenFreedmen Confederate LeadersConfederate Leaders
MilitarilyMilitarily 5 military districts5 military districts
Problems in the South
• Damage had been great• plantations ruined• $$ was worthless• roads blocked with rubble• railroads damaged• few police, no judges, no courts• no established governments
Economic ImpactEconomic Impact Property had lost 66% of it’s original value.Property had lost 66% of it’s original value. 40% of livestock killed and 50% of machinery destroyed40% of livestock killed and 50% of machinery destroyed 40 Acres and a Mule40 Acres and a Mule
General Sherman passed Special Field Order 15General Sherman passed Special Field Order 15 All abandoned plantations and a mule shall be given to freedmenAll abandoned plantations and a mule shall be given to freedmen
Transportation system neglected or destroyed.Transportation system neglected or destroyed. RailroadsRailroads
Slaves were now free and labor had to be bought.Slaves were now free and labor had to be bought. SharecroppersSharecroppers Tenant farmersTenant farmers
Cotton trade ruined by Confederate policies, turn to rice and Cotton trade ruined by Confederate policies, turn to rice and sugar as cropssugar as crops
General Effects of the WarGeneral Effects of the War
The collapse of the The collapse of the Confederacy made Confederacy made Confederate money Confederate money worthless.worthless.
http://www.flagguys.com/img/monb.jpg
Political Impact
Government installed and ran by Northern politicians.
• New Southern Governments adopted “Black Codes”• applied to African Americans• “Freedmen” were not allowed to vote, own land,
work certain jobs• Congress felt the south did not intend to end
slavery
Black CodesBlack Codes
VagrancyVagrancy Freedmen could be fined, jailed or whipped for not Freedmen could be fined, jailed or whipped for not
workingworking CurfewsCurfews
Freedmen had to be home by darkFreedmen had to be home by dark ContractsContracts
Sign a one year contract to work and if broken would be Sign a one year contract to work and if broken would be jailed.jailed.
Ownership of LandOwnership of Land Could not own land within city or town limitsCould not own land within city or town limits
Social ImpactSocial Impact
260,000 Confederates killed260,000 Confederates killed 1/5 of entire male population1/5 of entire male population
EducationEducation Freedman, women and poor whites uneducatedFreedman, women and poor whites uneducated
Loss of social structureLoss of social structure Plantation owners killed or moved to Europe or Brazil.Plantation owners killed or moved to Europe or Brazil. Slaves are now freedmenSlaves are now freedmen Northern politicians and army governing SouthNorthern politicians and army governing South Confederate Leaders could not hold office in New South.Confederate Leaders could not hold office in New South.
Lincoln v. Johnson Lincoln v. Johnson Reconstruction PlanReconstruction Plan
10% Plan10% Plan 10% of population must take 10% of population must take
oath of loyalty of Union and oath of loyalty of Union and emancipationemancipation
Appointed military Appointed military governors to rule governors to rule temporarilytemporarily
No pardons for confederate No pardons for confederate leadersleaders
Ban slavery and ratify the Ban slavery and ratify the 1313thth Amendment Amendment
Oath of loyalty to Union Oath of loyalty to Union and emancipation.and emancipation.
President controlled President controlled pardons for confederate pardons for confederate leaders and property leaders and property owners over 20,000owners over 20,000
Call a Constitutional Call a Constitutional ConventionConvention Repeal SuccessionRepeal Succession Ratify 13Ratify 13thth Amendment Amendment Refuse to pay Confederate debtRefuse to pay Confederate debt
Wade Davis Bill
Congress passed Reconstruction Plan in 1864
Majority of citizens os State must pledge loyalty to Union and emancipation before election could take place.
Lincoln utilized a pocket veto to kill bill Bill passed in last 10 days of
a legislative session can be ignored
Reconstruction Amendments
13th Amendment ratified in 1865 Ended slavery in United
States 14th Amendment ratified
in 1868 No State shall make or
enforce any law which …..deprives any person life, liberty, or property
15th Amendment ratified in 1870 Race cannot deny person
right to vote
Poll Taxes Southern states passed
the poll tax. No one could vote unless they owned
property Or could pay fee to vote
Grandfather Clause State could not take away rights that you
had prior to a change in the law Passed to protect poor whites voting
rights
Literacy Test Must be able to read and write to vote
Klu Klux Klan Used physical and mental abuse to keep
freedmen from voting
Reconstruction Acts
Reconstruction Act of April, 1867 South divided into 5 military districts TN exempt due to readmission in Union in 1866. New governments formed to guarantee freedmen the right to vote,
elected by all male citizens, and ratify 14th Amendment.
Three other Reconstructions Acts passed in 1867 & 1868
Military registered freedmen to vote and could remove any official that resisted.
Tenure of Office Act Passed in 1867 required Senate permission to remove any official
whose appointment had required Senate approval
Freedmen Freedman’s Bureau
Passed by Congress in 1865
Hiram Revels First freedman to serve in
Senate from Mississippi. Took vacated seat of
Jefferson Davis. One of 16 freedmen in the
Senate
Southern Homestead Act Set aside 45 million acres for
freedmen
Sharecropping Lived on land and farmed
land in exchange for percentage of crop
Tenant Farming Rented fraction of land and
farmed as they wanted
Enforcement Acts
Passed in response to the Klu Klux Klan Took effect in 1870 & 1871
Set heavy penalties and imprisonment for disruption of voting.
Banned use of disguises in intimidation tactics. Federal courts and army empowered to prosecute
KKK.
Compromise of 1877
Election of 1876 Democrat Samuel Tilden v. Republican Rutherford Hayes Tilden won popular vote and electoral college (184-165) Needed 1 vote for a majority with 20 disputed electoral
votes outstanding. 19 were from Southern states of Louisiana, South Carolina and
Florida.
Oregon’s vote went to Hayes with the remaining 19 being claimed by both Democrats and Republicans.
Electoral Commission established to decided which candidate received each vote.
Compromise of 1877
Election of 1876 Republicans gained advantage on 15 member panel and
won vote 8-7. The Electoral Commission consisted of five
Representatives, five Senators, and five Supreme Court Justices.
Originally, there were supposed to be seven Republicans, seven Democrats and one Independent.
When David Davis, a registered Independent, refused to accept the nomination, the balance shifted to a Republican majority.
All electoral votes went to the Republican candidate Hayes.
Compromise of 1877
Election of 1876 Democrats controlled the House of Representatives which
had to ratify the commissions findings. Democrats agreed to certify Hayes as President in
exchange To withdraw federal soldiers from their remaining positions in the
South To enact federal legislation that would spur industrialization in the
South To appoint Democrats to patronage positions in the South To appoint a Democrat to the president’s cabinet. Construction of a second transcontinental railroad in the South
called the Texas and Pacific.
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