Refrigerant Piping A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN © American...

Refrigerant PipingA Trane Air Conditioning Clinic

Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-ENAir Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN© American Standard Inc. 2002

period one

Refrigerant Piping Requirements

Refrigerant Piping

Vapor-Compression Refrigeration

expansionexpansiondevicedevice

condensercondenser

compressorcompressor

evaporatorevaporatorA B

Interconnecting Refrigerant Piping

condensercondenser

evaporatorevaporator

expansion deviceexpansion device

dischargedischargelineline

suctionsuctionlineline

liquidliquidlineline

Refrigerant Piping Requirements

Return oil to compressor Ensure that only liquid refrigerant enters

the expansion device Minimize system capacity loss Minimize refrigerant charge Insulate lines that are routed through very

warm spaces (Liquid line)

Scroll Compressor

stationarystationaryscrollscroll

drivendrivenscrollscroll

intakeintake

dischargedischarge

intakeintake

dischargedischargeportport

motormotorshaftshaft

sealseal

Return Oil to Compressors

condensercondenser

expansion expansion devicedevice

warmwarmliquidliquid

hothotvaporvapor

coolcoolvaporvapor

Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV)

external equalizerexternal equalizer

remote remote bulbbulb

TXVTXV

refrigerantrefrigerantvaporvapor

distributordistributor

liquid liquid refrigerantrefrigerant

Subcooling

enthalpyenthalpy

subcoolingsubcooling

mixture of liquid mixture of liquid and vaporand vapor

saturatedsaturatedvapor curvevapor curve

saturatedsaturatedliquid curveliquid curve

expansionexpansiondevicedevice

condensercondenser

Condenser

Evaporator

CompressorExpansion

Device

Pressure Drop in a Suction Lineim

capacitycapacitycapacitycapacity

100100

efficiencyefficiencyefficiencyefficiency

pressure drop, psipressure drop, psi (kPa)(kPa)pressure drop, psipressure drop, psi (kPa)(kPa)

22(13.8)(13.8)

909044

(27.6)(27.6)44

(27.6)(27.6)66

(41.4)(41.4)66

(41.4)(41.4)1010

(69.0)(69.0)1010

(69.0)(69.0)1212

(82.7)(82.7)1212

(82.7)(82.7)88

(55.2)(55.2)88

(55.2)(55.2)

R-22R-22R-22R-22

Minimize Refrigerant Charge

liquid lineliquid line suction linesuction line

condensercondenser

filterfilterdrierdrier

compressorcompressordischargedischargelineline

Involve the Manufacturer

If provided, use refrigerant line sizes recommended by manufacturer

General Piping Requirements

Use clean Type L copper tubing Copper-to-copper joints: BCuP-6 without flux Copper-to-steel (or brass) joints: BAg-28, non-acid flux

Properly support piping to account for expansion, vibration, and weight

Avoid installing piping underground Test entire refrigerant circuit for leaks

period two

Suction Line

Refrigerant Piping

suction line

Requirements for Sizing and Routing

Ensure adequate velocity to return oil to compressor at all steps of unloading

Avoid excessive noise Minimize system capacity and efficiency loss

suction line Sizing “Rules”

minimum velocity

1,000 fpm (5 m/s) based on diameter of riserfor vertical risers

500 fpm (2.5 m/s) percentage of minimum for horizontal sections riser velocity

maximum velocity

4,000 fpm (20 m/s) 4,000 fpm (20 m/s)

maximum pressure drop

3 psi (20 kPa) based on specific system requirements

old rules for R-22 new rules for R-22

suction line Process for Sizing

1 Determine total length of piping

2 Calculate refrigerant velocity at maximum and minimum capacities

3 Select largest pipe diameter that results in acceptable velocity at both maximum and minimum capacities

4 Calculate total equivalent length of straight pipe and fittings

5 Determine pressure drop due to pipe and fittings

6 Add pressure drop due to accessories

Unloading Refrigeration Circuits

reciprocating compressorreciprocating compressorwith cylinder unloaderswith cylinder unloaders scroll compressorsscroll compressors

manifolded on amanifolded on asingle circuitsingle circuit

evaporator capacity, tons (kW)evaporator capacity, tons (kW)

11(3.5)(3.5)

55(17.6)(17.6)

1010(35)(35)

5050(176)(176)

100100(352)(352)

200200(703)(703)

1,0001,000(5.1)(5.1)

500500(2.5)(2.5)

2,0002,000(10.2)(10.2)

5,0005,000(25.4)(25.4)

2020(70)(70)

22(7.0)(7.0)

1/2 (1

5/8 (1

7/8 (2

R-22R-22

suction line

Determine Refrigerant Velocitypipe diameter, in. (mm)pipe diameter, in. (mm)

3/8 (1

(130)3/4

3/4 (1

suction line

Determine Refrigerant Velocity

velocity, fpm (m/s)velocity, fpm (m/s)pipepipediameter,diameter,in. (mm)in. (mm)

20 tons 20 tons (70.3 kW)(70.3 kW)

10 tons 10 tons (35.2 kW)(35.2 kW)

1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) 7,000 (35.6)7,000 (35.6) 3,500 (17.8)3,500 (17.8)1 3/8 (35)1 3/8 (35) 4,600 (23.4)4,600 (23.4) 2,300 (11.7)2,300 (11.7)1 5/8 (42)1 5/8 (42) 3,250 (16.5)3,250 (16.5) 1,625 (8.3)1,625 (8.3)2 1/8 (54)2 1/8 (54) 1,850 (9.4)1,850 (9.4) 925 (4.7) 925 (4.7)2 5/8 (67)2 5/8 (67) 1,200 (6.1)1,200 (6.1) 600 (3.1) 600 (3.1)3 1/8 (79)3 1/8 (79) 850 (4.3)850 (4.3) 425 (2.2) 425 (2.2)

riserriser horiz/drophoriz/drop3/8 (10)3/8 (10) 370 (1.9)370 (1.9) 275 (1.4)275 (1.4)1/2 (12)1/2 (12) 460 (2.3)460 (2.3) 350 (1.8)350 (1.8)5/8 (15)5/8 (15) 520 (2.6)520 (2.6) 390 (2.0)390 (2.0)3/4 (18)3/4 (18) 560 (2.8)560 (2.8) 420 (2.1)420 (2.1)7/8 (22)7/8 (22) 600 (3.1)600 (3.1) 450 (2.3)450 (2.3)

1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) 700 (3.6)700 (3.6) 525 (2.7)525 (2.7)1 3/8 (35)1 3/8 (35) 780 (4.0)780 (4.0) 585 (3.0)585 (3.0)1 5/8 (42)1 5/8 (42) 840 (4.3)840 (4.3) 630 (3.2)630 (3.2)2 1/8 (54)2 1/8 (54) 980 (5.0)980 (5.0) 735 (3.7)735 (3.7)2 5/8 (67)2 5/8 (67) 1,080 (5.5)1,080 (5.5) 810 (4.1)810 (4.1)3 1/8 (79)3 1/8 (79) 1,180 (6.0)1,180 (6.0) 885 (4.5)885 (4.5)

3 5/8 (105)3 5/8 (105) 1,270 (6.5)1,270 (6.5) 950 (4.8)950 (4.8)4 1/8 (130)4 1/8 (130) 1,360 (6.9)1,360 (6.9) 1,020 (5.2)1,020 (5.2)

suction line

Minimum Allowable Velocitiesminimum velocity, fpm (m/s)minimum velocity, fpm (m/s)pipe diameter,pipe diameter,

in. (mm)in. (mm)

Select Suction Line Size

riserriser horiz/drophoriz/drop

20 (70.3)20 (70.3) 1,850 (9.4)1,850 (9.4)

10 (35.2)10 (35.2) 925 (4.7)925 (4.7)

circuitcircuitcapacity,capacity,tons (kW)tons (kW)

minimum velocity for 2 1/8 in.minimum velocity for 2 1/8 in.(54 mm) pipe, fpm (m/s)(54 mm) pipe, fpm (m/s)

velocity insidevelocity inside2 1/8 in. (54 mm) 2 1/8 in. (54 mm) pipe, fpm (m/s)pipe, fpm (m/s)

980 (5.0)980 (5.0) 735 (3.7)735 (3.7)

20 (70.3)20 (70.3) 3,250 (16.5)3,250 (16.5)

10 (35.2)10 (35.2) 1,625 (8.3)1,625 (8.3)

840 (4.3)840 (4.3) 630 (3.2)630 (3.2)

Selected Suction Line Sizes

2 1/8 in.2 1/8 in.(54 mm)(54 mm)

1 5/8 in. 1 5/8 in. (42 mm)(42 mm)riserriser

2 1/8 in.2 1/8 in.(54 mm)(54 mm)

dropdrop

Double Suction Riser

20 (70.3)20 (70.3) 3,250 (16.5)3,250 (16.5)

5 (17.6)5 (17.6) 810 (4.1)810 (4.1)

minimum velocity forminimum velocity for1 5/8 in. (42 mm) riser, 1 5/8 in. (42 mm) riser,

fpm (m/s)fpm (m/s)

840 (4.3)840 (4.3)

20 (70.3)20 (70.3) 4,600 (23.4)4,600 (23.4)

5 (17.6)5 (17.6) 1,150 (5.9)1,150 (5.9)

minimum velocity forminimum velocity for1 3/8 in. (35 mm) riser, 1 3/8 in. (35 mm) riser,

fpm (m/s)fpm (m/s)

780 (4.0)780 (4.0)

Double Suction Riser

largerlargerriserriser

smallersmallerriserriser

traptrap

Sizing a Double Suction Riser

Sizing the smaller riser

Sizing the larger riser

5 (17.6)5 (17.6) 1,150 (5.8)1,150 (5.8)

minimum velocityminimum velocityfor 1 3/8 in. (35 mm) for 1 3/8 in. (35 mm) riser, fpm (m/s)riser, fpm (m/s)

780 (4.0)780 (4.0)

15 (52.8)15 (52.8) 2,450 (12.4)2,450 (12.4)

minimum velocityminimum velocityfor 1 5/8 in. (42 mm) for 1 5/8 in. (42 mm) riser, fpm (m/s)riser, fpm (m/s)

840 (4.3)840 (4.3)

Calculate Total Equivalent Length

LLeqeq is based on r/d is based on r/d

radius of curvature (r)radius of curvature (r)

diameter (d)diameter (d)

Leq for Long-Radius Elbows

equivalent length, ft (m)equivalent length, ft (m)

““old” dataold” data ““new” datanew” data

1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) 1.9 (0.6)1.9 (0.6) 0.8 (0.24)0.8 (0.24)1 3/8 (35)1 3/8 (35) 2.2 (0.7)2.2 (0.7) 0.9 (0.27)0.9 (0.27)1 5/8 (42)1 5/8 (42) 2.6 (0.8)2.6 (0.8) 1.0 (0.30)1.0 (0.30)2 1/8 (54)2 1/8 (54) 3.4 (1.0)3.4 (1.0) 1.4 (0.43)1.4 (0.43)2 5/8 (67)2 5/8 (67) 4.2 (1.3)4.2 (1.3) 1.5 (0.46)1.5 (0.46)3 1/8 (79)3 1/8 (79) 5.1 (1.6)5.1 (1.6) 1.7 (0.52)1.7 (0.52)

elbowelbowdiameter,diameter,in. (mm)in. (mm)

11(3.5)(3.5)

55(17.6)(17.6)

1010(35)(35)

5050(176)(176)

100100(352)(352)

200200(703)(703)

1.01.0(2.3)(2.3)

0.50.5(1.2)(1.2)

2.02.0(4.6)(4.6)

5.05.0(11.5)(11.5)

2020(70)(70)

22(7.0)(7.0)

R-22R-22

pipe diameter, in. (mm)pipe diameter, in. (mm)

(42)10.010.0

(23.0)(23.0)

suction line

Determine Pressure Drop

suction line

Add Pressure Drop of Accessories

Suction filter = 2 psi (13.8 kPa) Angle valve = 1 psi (6.9 kPa) Ball valve = 1 equivalent ft (0.3 m)

suction line filtersuction line filter

TXV Installation

external equalizer lineexternal equalizer line

remote remote bulbbulb

TXVTXV

refrigerantrefrigerantvaporvapor

liquid liquid refrigerantrefrigerant

single distributor on circuit

Evaporator Coil Connection

TXVTXVbulbbulb

must rise abovemust rise aboveheight of evaporatorheight of evaporator

must drop belowmust drop belowheader outletheader outlet

suction headersuction header

single distributor on circuit

Evaporator Coil Connection

TXVTXVbulbbulb

must drop belowmust drop belowheader outletheader outlet

suction headersuction header

multiple distributors on circuit Evaporator Coil Connections

TXVTXVbulbbulb

must drop belowmust drop belowlowest header outletlowest header outlet double-elbowdouble-elbow

configurationconfiguration

suction line

Riser Traps Are Not Required

suction line Other Considerations Do not use suction riser traps: they are not

required Pitch horizontal sections to drain toward

evaporator Insulate entire suction line

Prevents condensation Minimizes loss of capacity due to heat gain

Install suction-line filter close to compressor Manual shutoff valves allow isolation for replacement

Install access ports to measure suction pressure and superheat

Suction-Line Accumulator

Check with equipment manufacturer to determine if required, recommended, or discouraged

photo provided by Henry Technologiesphoto provided by Henry Technologies

suction line

Reciprocating Compressors

pipepipeanchoranchor

pitchpitch

period three

Discharge Line

Refrigerant Piping

discharge line

Ensure adequate velocity to return oil to compressor at all steps of unloading

Avoid excessive noise Minimize efficiency loss

discharge line Sizing “Rules”

minimum velocity

1,000 fpm (5 m/s) based on diameter of riserfor risers

500 fpm (2.5 m/s) percentage of minimum for horizontal sections riser velocity

maximum velocity

3,500 fpm (17.5 m/s) 3,500 fpm (17.5 m/s)

6 psi (41 kPa) based on specific system requirements

discharge line Process for Sizing

2 Calculate refrigerant velocity at maximum and minimum capacities

3 Select largest pipe diameter that results in acceptable velocity at both maximum and minimum capacity

4 Calculate total equivalent length of straight pipe and fittings

11(3.5)(3.5)

55(17.6)(17.6)

1010(35)(35)

5050(176)(176)

100100(352)(352)

200200(703)(703)

1,0001,000(5.1)(5.1)

500500(2.5)(2.5)

2,0002,000(10.2)(10.2)

5,0005,000(25.4)(25.4)

2020(70)(70)

22(7.0)(7.0)

1/2 (1

5/8 (1

7/8 (2

R-22R-22

discharge line

3/8 (1

3/4 (1

5/16 (

discharge line

7/8 (22)7/8 (22) 4,050 (20.6)4,050 (20.6) 2,025 (10.3)2,025 (10.3)1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) 2,400 (12.2)2,400 (12.2) 1,200 ( 6.1)1,200 ( 6.1)1 3/8 (35)1 3/8 (35) 1,550 ( 7.9)1,550 ( 7.9) 775 ( 3.9) 775 ( 3.9)1 5/8 (42)1 5/8 (42) 1,100 ( 5.6)1,100 ( 5.6) 550 ( 2.8) 550 ( 2.8)2 1/8 (54)2 1/8 (54) 650 ( 3.3)650 ( 3.3) 325 ( 1.7) 325 ( 1.7)

20 tons 20 tons (70.3 kW)(70.3 kW)

10 tons 10 tons (35.2 kW)(35.2 kW)

discharge line

Minimum Allowable Velocities

riserriser horiz/drophoriz/drop5/16 (8)5/16 (8) 220 (1.1)220 (1.1) 165 (0.8)165 (0.8)3/8 (10)3/8 (10) 250 (1.3)250 (1.3) 185 (0.9)185 (0.9)1/2 (12)1/2 (12) 285 (1.4)285 (1.4) 215 (1.1)215 (1.1)5/8 (15)5/8 (15) 315 (1.6)315 (1.6) 235 (1.2)235 (1.2)3/4 (18)3/4 (18) 345 (1.8)345 (1.8) 260 (1.3)260 (1.3)7/8 (22)7/8 (22) 375 (1.9)375 (1.9) 285 (1.4)285 (1.4)

1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) 430 (2.2)430 (2.2) 325 (1.7)325 (1.7)1 3/8 (35)1 3/8 (35) 480 (2.4)480 (2.4) 360 (1.8)360 (1.8)1 5/8 (42)1 5/8 (42) 520 (2.6)520 (2.6) 390 (2.0)390 (2.0)2 1/8 (54)2 1/8 (54) 600 (3.0)600 (3.0) 450 (2.3)450 (2.3)2 5/8 (67)2 5/8 (67) 665 (3.4)665 (3.4) 500 (2.5)500 (2.5)3 1/8 (79)3 1/8 (79) 730 (3.7)730 (3.7) 550 (2.8)550 (2.8)

minimum velocity, fpm (m/s)minimum velocity, fpm (m/s)pipe diameter,pipe diameter,in. (mm)in. (mm)

Select Discharge Line Size

20 (70.3)20 (70.3) 1,100 (5.6)1,100 (5.6)

10 (35.2)10 (35.2) 550 (2.8)550 (2.8)

520 (2.6)520 (2.6) 390 (2.0)390 (2.0)

Selected Discharge Line Size

1 5/8 in.1 5/8 in.(42 mm)(42 mm)

condensercondenser 1 5/8 in. 1 5/8 in. (42 mm)(42 mm)riserriser

1 5/8 in. 1 5/8 in. (42 mm)(42 mm)

11(3.5)(3.5)

55(17.6)(17.6)

1010(35)(35)

5050(176)(176)

100100(352)(352)

200200(703)(703)

1.01.0(2.3)(2.3)

0.50.5(1.2)(1.2)

2.02.0(4.6)(4.6)

5.05.0(11.5)(11.5)

2020(70)(70)

22(7.0)(7.0)

R-22R-22

10.010.0(23.0)(23.0)

discharge line

Determine Pressure Drop

discharge line

Angle valve = 1 psi (6.9 kPa) Ball valve = 1 equivalent ft (0.3 m)

discharge line Other Considerations

Do not use discharge riser traps: they are not required

Pitch horizontal sections to drain toward condenser

Insulate only to prevent accidental burns or when system must operate in cold ambient conditions

discharge line

Reciprocating Compressors

pipepipeanchoranchor

pitchpitch

period four

Liquid Line

Refrigerant Piping

liquid line

Ensure that only liquid refrigerant enters expansion device

Minimize refrigerant charge Avoid excessive noise and pipe erosion

Subcooling

enthalpy, Btu/lb (kJ/kg)enthalpy, Btu/lb (kJ/kg)

241241(1,662)(1,662)

, psia

sia (k

293293(2,020)(2,020) 125°F125°F

(51.7°C)(51.7°C)

subcoolingsubcooling

saturatedsaturatedliquid curveliquid curve

mixture of liquidmixture of liquidand vaporand vapor

110°F110°F(43.3°C)(43.3°C)

Impact of Refrigerant Density Change

AA 7/8 (22)7/8 (22) highhigh 18.0 (10) -18.0 (10) - 5.7 (3.2) =5.7 (3.2) = 12.3 (6.8)12.3 (6.8)BB 1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) highhigh 18.0 (10) -18.0 (10) - 3.8 (2.1) =3.8 (2.1) = 14.2 (7.9)14.2 (7.9)

AA 7/8 (22)7/8 (22) lowlow 12.9 (7.2) -12.9 (7.2) - 7.4 (4.1) =7.4 (4.1) = 5.5 (3.1)5.5 (3.1)BB 1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) lowlow 7.2 (4.0) -7.2 (4.0) - 5.2 (2.9) =5.2 (2.9) = 2.0 (1.1)2.0 (1.1)

available subcooling, °F (°C)available subcooling, °F (°C)liquid lineliquid linediameter, diameter, in. (mm)in. (mm)

leaving leaving subcoolersubcooler

loss due loss due to pipingto piping

outdooroutdoortemperaturetemperature remaining remaining

at TXVat TXV

liquid line Sizing “Rules”

6 psi (41 kPa) 5°F (2.8°C) subcoolingremaining at inlet to expansion device at all operating conditions

maximum velocity

360 fpm (1.8 m/s) 600 fpm (3 m/s)

liquid line Process for Sizing

2 Obtain subcooling provided by condenser

3 Determine refrigerant velocity

4 Select smallest pipe diameter that results in acceptable velocity at maximum capacity

5 Calculate total equivalent length of pipe and fittings

8 Calculate loss of subcooling due to pressure drop and elevation change

System Operating Envelope

saturated suction temperaturesaturated suction temperature

condensing unit,condensing unit,high OA temperaturehigh OA temperature

condensing unit, condensing unit, low OA temperaturelow OA temperature

evaporator,evaporator,high cooling loadhigh cooling load

evaporator,evaporator,low cooling loadlow cooling load

System Operating Envelope

high cooling load,high cooling load,high OA temperaturehigh OA temperature

high cooling load,high cooling load,low OA temperaturelow OA temperature

low cooling load,low cooling load,high OA temperaturehigh OA temperature

low cooling load,low cooling load,low OA temperaturelow OA temperature

saturated suction temperaturesaturated suction temperature

effect of cooling load and outdoor temperature

Subcooling Leaving Condenser

A highhigh highhigh 18 (10.0)18 (10.0) B lowlow highhigh 21 (11.7)21 (11.7)

C lowlow lowlow 13 (7.2) 13 (7.2) D highhigh lowlow 5 (2.8) 5 (2.8)

subcooling leaving subcooling leaving condenser*, °F (°C)condenser*, °F (°C)

cooling cooling loadload

outdooroutdoortemperaturetemperature

* This example system uses a TXV for the expansion device.* This example system uses a TXV for the expansion device.

Involve the Manufacturer

If provided, use refrigerant line sizes recommended by manufacturer

Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-ENAir Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN© American Standard Inc. 2002 evaporator capacity, tons (kW)evaporator capacity, tons (kW)

11(3.5)(3.5)

55(17.6)(17.6)

1010(35)(35)

5050(176)(176)

100100(352)(352)

200200(703)(703)

100100(0.5)(0.5)

5050(0.25)(0.25)

200200(1.0)(1.0)

500500(2.5)(2.5)

2020(70)(70)

22(7.0)(7.0)

5/16 (

3/8 (1

1/2 (1

5/8 (1

R-22R-22

(28)1,0001,000

(5.1)(5.1)

liquid line

Determine Refrigerant Velocityve

7/8 (2

1/4 (6

3/4 (1

liquid line

1/2 (12)1/2 (12) 850 (4.3)850 (4.3)5/8 (15)5/8 (15) 525 (2.7)525 (2.7)3/4 (18)3/4 (18) 350 (1.8)350 (1.8)7/8 (22)7/8 (22) 250 (1.3)250 (1.3)

1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) 150 (0.8)150 (0.8)1 3/8 (35)1 3/8 (35) 100 (0.5)100 (0.5)

20 tons 20 tons (70.3 kW)(70.3 kW)

liquid line

Calculate Total Equivalent Length

condensercondenser

5/8 in.5/8 in.(15 mm)(15 mm)riserriser

5/8 in.5/8 in.(15 mm)(15 mm)

5/8 in.5/8 in.(15 mm)(15 mm)dropdrop

Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-ENAir Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN© American Standard Inc. 2002 evaporator capacity, tons (kW)evaporator capacity, tons (kW)

11(3.5)(3.5)

55(17.6)(17.6)

1010(35)(35)

5050(176)(176)

100100(352)(352)

200200(703)(703)

2020(70)(70)

22(7.0)(7.0)

R-22R-22

liquid line

Determine Pressure Droppr

1.01.0(2.3)(2.3)

2.02.0(4.6)(4.6)

5.05.0(11.5)(11.5)

10.010.0(23)(23)

20.020.0(46)(46)

50.050.0(115)(115)

liquid line

Filter-drier = 6 psi (41.4 kPa) Solenoid valve = 4 psi (27.6 kPa) Sight glass = 1 equivalent ft (0.3 m) Angle valve = 1 psi (6.9 kPa) Ball valve = 1 equivalent ft (0.3 m)

solenoidsolenoidvalvevalve

liquid line

Pressure Drop Due to Elevation

condensercondenser 15 ft 15 ft (4.6 m)(4.6 m)vertical rise vertical rise creates creates pressure droppressure drop

11 ft 11 ft (3.4 m)(3.4 m)vertical drop vertical drop creates creates pressure gainpressure gain

liquid line

Pressure Drop Due to Elevation

liquid temperature, °F (°C)liquid temperature, °F (°C)

4040(4.4)(4.4)

6060(15.6)(15.6)

8080(26.7)(26.7)

100100(37.8)(37.8)

120120(48.9)(48.9)

140140(60.0)(60.0)

160160(71.1)(71.1)

0.4250.425(9.6)(9.6)

0.4500.450(10.2)(10.2)

0.4750.475(10.7)(10.7)

0.5000.500(11.3)(11.3)

0.5250.525(11.9)(11.9)

0.5500.550(12.4)(12.4)

liquid line

Calculate Loss of Subcooling

liquid temperature, °F (°C)liquid temperature, °F (°C)

si/°F

4040(4.4)(4.4)

6060(15.6)(15.6)

8080(26.7)(26.7)

100100(37.8)(37.8)

120120(48.9)(48.9)

140140(60.0)(60.0)

160160(71.1)(71.1)

00(0)(0)

1.01.0(12.4)(12.4)

2.02.0(24.9)(24.9)

3.03.0(37.3)(37.3)

4.04.0(49.7)(49.7)

5.05.0(62.2)(62.2)

Subcooling Remaining at Expansion Device

15 (8.3)15 (8.3) -- 9.9 (5.5)9.9 (5.5) == 5.1 (2.8)5.1 (2.8)

leavingleavingcondensercondenser

subcooling, °F (°C)subcooling, °F (°C)

loss due toloss due toliquid lineliquid line

remaining at remaining at expansion expansion devicedevice

liquid line

Evaporator Coil Connections

TXVTXV

liquid line

Refrigerant Accessories

sightsightglassglass

TXVTXV

liquid lineliquid line

solenoid solenoid valvevalve

filter-drierfilter-drier

condensercondenser

Liquid Line Routing

route the horizontal leg below the riserroute the horizontal leg below the riser

evaporatorevaporatorcondensercondenser

condensercondenser

liquid line Other Considerations

Pitch horizontal sections to run alongside suction or discharge line

Insulate lines that are routed through very warm spaces

period five

Hot-Gas Bypass Line

Refrigerant Piping

hot-gas bypass line

Ensure that oil and refrigerant are not trapped in piping

Avoid excessive noise Proper routing is more critical than pipe

diameter

Hot-Gas Bypass to Evaporator Inlet

condensercondenser

hot-gas hot-gas bypass valvebypass valve

TXVTXV

suction linesuction line

Hot-Gas Bypass Valve Installation

condensercondenser

pitch back toward pitch back toward discharge linedischarge line

pilotpilotlineline

pitch awaypitch awayfrom hot-gasfrom hot-gasbypass valvebypass valve

hot-gas hot-gas bypass linebypass line

Hot-Gas Bypass Risers

hot-gashot-gasbypass riserbypass riser

suctionsuctionlinelinecompressorcompressor

drain legdrain leg

oil-returnoil-returnlineline

condensercondenser

hot-gas bypass line

Connection to Evaporator

TXVTXV

hot-gas bypass line

Connection to Evaporator

checkcheckvalvesvalves

TXVTXV

Hot-Gas Bypass to Suction Line

condensercondenser

suction linesuction line

liquid-injection liquid-injection valvevalve

TXVTXV

hot-gas bypass line

Connection to Suction Line

condensercondenser

compressorcompressor suction linesuction line

liquid-injection liquid-injection valvevalve

Hot-Gas Bypass Line Sizing

1/2 (12)1/2 (12) 6,700 (34.0)6,700 (34.0)5/8 (15)5/8 (15) 4,200 (21.3)4,200 (21.3)3/4 (18)3/4 (18) 2,825 (14.4)2,825 (14.4)7/8 (22)7/8 (22) 2,025 (10.3)2,025 (10.3)

1 1/8 (28)1 1/8 (28) 1,200 ( 6.1)1,200 ( 6.1)1 3/8 (35)1 3/8 (35) 775 ( 3.9)775 ( 3.9)

10 tons 10 tons (35.2 kW)(35.2 kW)

hot-gas bypass line Other Considerations

Insulate entire line to prevent refrigerant vapor from condensing

Minimize overall length of the line Install solenoid valve if system includes a

pump-down cycle

period six

Review

Refrigerant Piping

Review—Period One

Refrigerant Piping Requirements Return oil to compressor Ensure that only liquid refrigerant (no vapor) enters

the expansion device Minimize system capacity loss Minimize refrigerant charge

If provided, use line sizes recommended by the manufacturer

Review—Period Two

Suction line Ensure adequate velocity to return oil to the

compressor at all steps of unloading Avoid excessive noise Minimize system capacity and efficiency loss

Review—Period Three

Discharge line Ensure adequate velocity to return oil to the

compressor at all steps of unloading Avoid excessive noise Minimize efficiency loss

Review—Period Four

Liquid line Ensure that only liquid refrigerant enters the

expansion device Minimize refrigerant charge Avoid excessive noise and pipe erosion

Review—Period Five

Hot-gas bypass line Ensure that oil and refrigerant are not trapped in the

piping Avoid excessive noise Proper routing is more critical than pipe diameter

Refrigerant Piping A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC006-EN © American...

Documents

Air Conditioning Clinic VAV Systemsarco-hvac.ir/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/13-VAV-Systems-A-Trane-A… · What Is Variable Air Volume? A variable-air-volume (VAV) air-conditioning

Dash8-200/300 - Air Conditioning & Pressurization · AIR CONDITIONING AND PRESSURIZATION CONTROLS AND INDICATORS Air conditioning control panel 1 MIN MAX Dash8-200/300 - Air Conditioning

AIR CONDITIONING – AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMstatic.hybrids.ru/files/OfficialToyotaInfo/RepairInformation... · AIR CONDITIONING – AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AC–1 AC AIR CONDITIONING

AIR CONDITIONING – AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AIR ... · AIR CONDITIONING – AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM AC–1 Author: Date: 2483 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM PRECAUTION 1. DO NOT HANDLE

Air Conditioning Clinic Air Conditioning Fansarco-hvac.ir/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/12-Air... · 2015-08-07 · Air Conditioning Clinic Air Conditioning Fans One of the Equipment

Air Conditioning - uash.com.uauash.com.ua/Air Conditioning catalogue.pdf · Air Conditioning Light Commercial, Commercial and Industrial Fans | Air Handling Units ... Heat Pumps and

Air Conditioning Systems in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS · 2020. 4. 21. · 1. The unitary air conditioning system 2. Central air conditioning system. Unitary Air Conditioning System In unitary air conditioning

AIR CONDITIONING - Air Technica

A Trane Air Conditioning Clinic Psychrometry Air Conditioning Clinic TRG-TRC001-EN © American Standard Inc. 1999

Air Conditioning

2015 oard of Directors Air Conditioning Contractors ... · Air Conditioning Contractors Association of ... Air Conditioning Contractors Association of Greater Houston. ... Air Conditioning

AIR CONDITIONING - Panasonic · PDF file2 i panasonic air conditioning panasonic air ... hours in stable condition. ... 16 i panasonic air conditioning panasonic air conditioning i

AIR CONDITIONING General 62 - Форум Клуба Рено · AIR CONDITIONING Pipes and seals. 62 AIR CONDITIONING Electrical control. 62 AIR CONDITIONING Electrical control. 62

North Reading, MI Air Conditioning | Carriere Heating & Air Conditioning

1 Air Conditioning Evaporators For Air Conditioning

Air Conditioning Systems | Air Conditioning Controls

Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Systems Business Operation · Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration Systems Business Operation June 9, ... Air-Conditioning ... In the air conditioning

Optimal Air Conditioning SystemsOptimal Air Conditioning ... · VRV Air Conditioning System is the world's first individual air conditioning system with variable refrigerant flow

Air Conditioning Units NYC - Mikes Air Conditioning