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8/13/2019 Report-imr Mmr Unicef
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Infant and Child Mortality in InLevels, Trends and Determinant
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Contributors
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2
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married
married
India
North
Central
East
Northeast
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Data Structure:
married
married
West
South
Kerala
Note: defacto
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States Age Segments
India
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States Age Segments
Assam
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States Age Segments
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m m q and
l and L
l
d and d
m and m
a and a
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q q *
q , q and q *
m q and q
d q
t
t
t
t t t t t
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in x , x , ,x t
t x
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IID
et al.
i
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m
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et al
et al.
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et al
et al.
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States
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age t t
t
t
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living index
media
residence
level
Anemia
Severe
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Pregnant
Pregnant
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India
Assam
Kerala
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State
Predicted
Assam Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
State
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Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
India
Note:
State
Predicted
Assam Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
State
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Predicted
Kerala Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
Predicted
India
Note:
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ence
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a
Note:
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ence
Literatea a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
natal Literate a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
Literate a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a
Literate a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
Note:
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caste
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a c a c
c a
a a
a a c
c a a a
a
a a a
a a a
a a a
a a a
a
Note:
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a a a
a a a c
natal a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
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States
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and Kerala
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a
Note:
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a a a a
c
a a a
a a a a
a
a a a
c a
a
a a
a
a c
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et al
et al
a a a a
a a a a a
a
a a a
a a a a
a a a
a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
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and all alive
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a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
a a a a
Note:
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a a a
a a a
a a a
a a a
Pregnant a a a
Note:
Pregnant
all alive
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a a a a a
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a a a a
a a a a a
a a a a a
Note:
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interval
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a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a
c c
a a a a a a a a a
a a a
a a a
a a a a a a a a a
a a c
a a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a
Note:
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India
Small
Average
Large
a
anemia
a
Average Large a c
Small a a
Assistance at
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a a a a a a
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a a c
a a a a
Note:
a a a a a
a a a c
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a a a c a
a a a
Note:
a a a
a a a
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a a a
a a a
Note:
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Inequity
et al.
State
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State
*
* *
Assam
Kerala
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Int J Soc Anthr
Studies in Family Planning
Time series analysis Forecasting a
Demography India
Demography
Family Welfare Programme in India , Year Book,
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Infant Mortality in India: Differentials and Determinants.
Demography India
The performance of India an
19751990
Cooking smoke increases the risk of acut
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Lancet
In
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Annexures
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* : (i) For the periods 1981-86 and 1999-05 if the number of children who were ever exposed to th
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(i) for the periods 1981-86 and 1999-05 if the rates are obtained bas
(ii)
(iii)
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Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
Perinatal mortality rate Early neo-natalmortality rate
Neo-natal mortalityrate
Year Tota l Rura l Total Rural Total Rural Total Rural
1976 18 19 11 67 77 44 50 59 33 77 83 49 52
1977 16 17 9 64 70 35 49 54 27 80 88 42 50
1978 15 16 10 62 68 34 48 53 23 77 85 38 50
1979 13 13 9 59 63 39 47 50 30 72 78 42 48
1980 11 12 8 56 60 35 45 48 28 69 76 39 45
1981 11 11 6 55 59 32 44 48 25 70 76 39 41
1982 9 10 5 53 58 33 45 48 28 67 73 39 38
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1982 9 10 5 53 58 33 45 48 28 67 73 39 38
1983 9 9 8 54 58 35 45 49 27 67 74 39 38
1984 10 11 8 54 58 36 44 48 28 66 72 40 38
1985 10 11 9 48 52 30 38 42 22 60 67 33 37
1986 10 11 9 48 52 33 38 42 24 60 66 36 371987 13 14 10 50 54 32 38 41 23 58 64 33 38
1988 14 14 12 50 53 35 37 40 23 57 62 35 38
1989 13 13 11 47 51 31 35 38 20 56 62 31 35
1990 12 12 11 48 52 34 37 40 23 53 57 31 27
1991 11 11 10 46 49 33 36 39 23 51 55 32 29
1992 12 12 10 48 50 34 36 39 24 50 54 33 29
1993 11 11 9 44 48 31 34 38 22 47 52 28 26
1994 9 7 15 43 43 39 34 36 24 48 52 33 26
1995 9 9 9 45 48 31 36 39 23 48 52 29 26
1996 9 9 9 44 46 32 35 37 23 47 50 28 25
1997 9 9 9 43 46 29 35 38 20 46 51 26 25
1998 9 9 8 42 45 29 34 37 22 45 49 27 27
1999 10 11 8 44 47 30 34 37 22 45 49 28 24
2000 8 9 7 40 44 26 32 35 19 44 49 27 23
2001 9 10 8 36 39 25 27 30 17 40 44 25 26
2002 9 9 7 35 38 23 27 29 16 40 44 24 24
2003 9 9 8 33 36 20 25 28 12 37 41 22 23
2004 10 10 8 35 39 23 26 29 14 37 41 24 21
2005 9 9 8 37 40 24 28 31 16 37 41 23 22
2006 9 9 8 37 41 24 28 32 16 37 41 23 20
2007 9 9 8 37 41 24 29 32 16 36 40 22 19
2008 8 9 7 35 39 22 27 31 16 35 39 21 18
Source:
5q 0)
4q 1)Infant mortality rat
1q 0)
Year Total Rural Tota l Rura l Tota l Rura l
1976 204 226 129 105 113 60 129 139 80
1977 204 230 118 103 115 47 130 140 81
1978 195 219 115 95 106 50 127 137 74
1979 186 210 105 91 102 41 120 130 72
1980 172 193 99 80 89 40 114 124 65
1981 170 191 90 81 91 34 110 119 63
1982 163 185 93 77 89 34 105 114 65
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1982 163 185 93 77 89 34 105 114 65
1983 157 177 95 71 80 36 105 114 66
1984 171 193 102 86 100 44 104 113 66
1985 161 182 92 81 93 39 97 107 59
1986 154 173 93 74 85 37 96 105 621987 149 168 81 69 80 26 95 104 61
1988 141 153 84 62 65 27 94 102 62
1989 128 143 75 49 58 23 91 98 58
1990 114 126 68 45 51 22 80 86 50
1991 115 126 72 46 50 23 80 87 53
1992 115 126 70 47 52 22 79 85 53
1993 104 116 60 38 44 20 74 82 45
1994 105 114 71 39 44 23 74 80 52
1995 106 116 67 41 46 24 74 80 48
1996 105 114 64 41 47 22 72 77 46
1997 102 113 60 39 44 18 71 77 45
1998 99 109 58 35 41 17 72 77 4
1999 90 101 53 27 33 13 70 75 4
2000 87 96 52 25 30 13 68 74 4
2001 86 95 50 26 31 12 66 72 4
2002 80 88 47 22 25 10 63 69 4
2003 77 85 46 23 25 11 60 66 3
2004 76 85 46 23 27 9 58 64 4
2005 78 87 47 25 29 10 58 64 4
2006 76 85 46 24 29 10 57 62 3
2007 72 80 44 22 25 10 55 61 3
2008 69 76 42 20 23 8 53 58 3
Note:
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Percentage decline in
Early neonatal mortality Neonatal mortality
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993-1998
1998-2003
2003-2008
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993199
Andhra
Pradesh
-8.8 3.8 -3.0 1.1 -10.5 2.8 -8.0 1.5 -3.8 0.5
Assam 3.0 2.8 -12.1 8.4 -9.9 1.8 0.1 -0.8 -6.4 1.6
Bihar NA -3.4 -2.1 1.9 -8.4 4.4 NA -1.9 -5.8 1.6
Gujarat -1.4 -4.4 -4.8 2.0 -5.3 1.7 -1.9 -4.2 -6.3 1.1
Haryana -2.8 -1.2 -1.3 2.8 -10.6 5.8 -4.1 -2.9 -3.2 1.6
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HimachalPradesh
--- --- --- --- --- --- -3.2 7.5 -3.6 2.6
Karnataka -2.5 5.7 -1.3 -2.9 -7.9 -3.1 -4.1 4.8 -3.1 -3.0
Kerala -2.7 -6.6 -6.7 -4.2 -2.8 2.0 -4.8 -6.4 -10.0 0.2
Maharashtra -1.6 -3.9 -0.8 -2.8 -4.9 0.7 -2.3 -3.2 -2.0 -4.6
MadhyaPradesh
0.5 -3.7 2.0 0.0 -6.3 2.9 -2.0 -1.8 -1.2 -0.6
Orissa 1.2 -1.6 1.5 -1.7 -3.8 -0.8 1.1 -1.3 -1.0 -3.5
-5.3 -2.1 -3.8 5.6 -5.8 0.3 -8.3 -2.4 -4.2 1.4
Rajasthan 0.1 0.2 -0.8 0.4 -5.5 2.1 -1.0 -0.4 -3.9 0.8
Tamil Nadu -1.8 -0.7 -2.7 -3.3 -7.7 -5.0 -2.9 -2.8 -3.2 -3.1
Pradesh1.9 -9.7 0.0 -0.6 -4.3 2.5 1.1 -7.0 -4.5 -1.8
WestBengal
NA -6.1 3.2 -4.1 -3.5 2.2 NA -5.0 0.4 -4.6
Note:
State Percentage decline in
Infant mortality
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993-1998
1998-2003
2003-2008
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
Andhra
Pradesh
-8.05 1.88 -4.91 0.37 -1.64 -3.08 -7.24 -0.60 -7.64 -0.02
Assam -2.05 -0.41 -5.49 0.64 -2.42 -1.13 1.19 -2.56 -3.48 -2.64
Bihar NA -1.10 -7.01 0.57 -3.47 -1.04 NA -4.38 -7.04 0.1
Gujarat -2.50 -3.28 -8.74 1.56 -2.45 -2.51 -2.98 -3.89 -7.44 -0.78
Haryana -2.70 -2.15 -4.61 1.00 -2.70 -2.44 -5.35 -1.81 -4.67 0.74
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HimachalPradesh
-3.44 1.54 -5.72 -0.95 -3.00 -2.13 -0.20 -2.74 -5.85 -1.63
Karnataka -3.77 2.94 -2.65 -4.13 -0.56 -3.72 -4.94 0.39 -4.27 -4.11
Kerala -6.46 -4.61 -12.13 0.89 -5.05 3.91 -5.22 -8.62 -13.75 0.59
Maharastra -1.96 -3.15 -3.33 -1.91 -3.46 -5.09 -1.83 -4.80 -6.05 -3.11
MadhyaPradesh
-3.12 -1.26 -2.73 -2.19 -3.50 -3.20 -3.44 -1.06 -5.13 -3.00
Orissa -1.79 -0.78 -2.69 -2.45 -3.02 -4.18 -0.68 -0.92 -4.12 -2.93
-7.68 -2.79 -3.28 -0.11 -1.67 -3.59 -8.06 -0.77 -6.75 -0.05
Rajasthan -2.24 -1.31 -4.23 0.94 -2.96 -3.29 -3.44 -1.22 -7.66 0.69
TamilNadu
-4.12 -3.07 -5.49 -0.26 -4.36 -6.05 -4.30 -6.77 -8.44 -0.58
Pradesh-1.99 -4.46 -6.16 -1.04 -2.23 -2.75 -4.14 -2.93 -6.36 -1.80
WestBengal
NA -2.89 -2.66 -2.81 -3.50 -5.45 NA -6.89 -3.14 -3.
Note:
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State
Early neonatal mortality Neonatal mortality
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993-1998
1998-2003
2003-2008
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993199
AndhraPradesh
-20.0 7.6 -6.1 2.1 -16.2 3.5 -25.9 4.1 -9.9 1.3
Assam 5.9 6.4 -22.4 14.1 -16.0 2.3 0.5 -2.6 -18.4 4.1
Bihar NA -6.4 -3.4 3.1 -11.6 5.5 NA -5.7 -14.1 3.5
Gujarat -3.5 -9.9 -8.5 3.3 -8.0 2.3 -6.9 -13.3 -15.5 2.4
Haryana -4.7 -1.9 -1.8 4.1 -12.9 6.2 -12.1 -7.1 -6.8 3.2
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HimachalPradesh
. . . . . . -5.9 15.3 -8.0 5
Karnataka -4.2 10.4 -2.6 -5.3 -11.1 -3.3 -10.1 11.9 -8.2 -6.8
Kerala -2.4 -4.8 -3.5 -1.6 -0.9 0.6 -6.3 -6.3 -6.6 0.1
Maharashtra -3.1 -6.4 -1.2 -3.7 -5.4 0.7 -6.3 -7.5 -4.1 -8.1
MadhyaPradesh
1.3 -8.6 4.3 0.0 -12.5 5.2 -7.8 -6.6 -4.1 -1.9
Orissa 2.8 -3.7 3.6 -4.1 -7.9 -1.6 4.2 -5.1 -3.7 -11.7
-7.8 -2.6 -4.0 6.1 -6.4 0.3 -21.0 -4.7 -6.8 2.2
Rajasthan 0.2 0.4 -1.6 0.8 -9.7 3.4 -3.2 -1.1 -11.0 2.2
Tamil Nadu -3.9 -1.5 -5.2 -5.4 -9.6 -4.5 -9.1 -7.6 -7.3 -6.1
Pradesh5.7 -24.4 0.0 -1.1 -7.3 4.1 5.2 -29.1 -14.1 -4.7
WestBengal
NA -8.8 4.2 -5.4 -3.7 2.3 NA -11.2 0.8 -8.5
State
Infant mortality
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993-1998
1998-2003
2003-2008
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993199
AndhraPradesh
-37.5 7.4 -18.1 1.2 -5.2 -8.7 -51.6 -3.5 -36.4 -0.1
Assam -10.8 -2.0 -23.6 2.4 -8.8 -3.8 9.7 -20.2 -23.6 -15.4
Bihar NA -5.4 -28.3 2.0 -11.0 -2.9 NA -37.3 -45.2 0.9
Gujarat -14.5 -16.4 -32.6 4.8 -7.4 -6.7 -26.4 -29.0 -42.0 -3.6
Haryana -13.5 -9.5 -17.3 3.4 -8.8 -7.0 -39.7 -11.2 -24.6 3.5
HimachalPradesh
-14.5 6.2 -20.7 -2.9 -8.3 -5.2 -1.2 -14.7 -25.3 -5.9
Karnataka -13.9 10.6 -9.7 -12.7 -1.5 -9.1 -30.1 2.1 -21.1 -16.4
Kerala -12.1 -6.5 -11.5 0.6 -3.2 2.4 -14.9 -17.5 -16.2 0.5
Maharashtra -7.7 -10.9 -9.8 -4.9 -7.8 -9.3 -10.8 -24.2 -23.2 -9.5 -
MadhyaPradesh
-21.4 -7.8 -15.2 -10.8 -14.9 -11.6 -38.9 -10.7 -44.6 -21.2
Mortality Place of residence
Total Rural
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993-1998
1998-2003
2003-2008
1978-1983
1983-1988
1988-1993
1993-1998
1998-2003
2003-2008
1978-1983
19831988
Average annual rate of change inEarlyneonatal
-1.59 -3.84 -0.61 -0.03 -6.36 2.53 -1.53 -3.70 -0.91 0.04 -5.86 2.75 0.99 -4.70 1.41
Neonatal -2.61 -3.00 -3.35 -0.75 -4.03 -1.22 -2.52 -2.94 -3.56 -0.67 -3.73 -1.12 -0.37 -3.38 -1.38
Infant -3.80 -2.13 -4.56 -0.48 -3.48 -2.41 -3.60 -2.25 -4.45 -0.81 -2.89 -2.52 -2.44 -1.19 -4.23
Under- -2.83 -3.21 -5.71 -1.31 -4.80 -1.75 -2.64 -3.63 -5.88 -1.24 -4.77 -1.56 -2.35 -3.28 -4.03
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Earlyneonatal
-3.63 -7.64 -1.09 -0.06 -9.52 3.43 -3.78 -8.03 -1.77 0.08 -9.62 4.15 1.32 -5.75 1.59
Neonatal -9.19 -9.16 -8.73 -1.77 -8.42 -2.24 -9.66 -9.85 -10.14 -1.72 -8.57 -2.28 -0.73 -6.06 -2.19
Infant -21.61 -10.43 -18.89 -1.74 -11.51 -6.89 -22.19 -11.95 -20.04 -3.20 -10.39 -7.91 -8.26 -3.67 -11.42 -
Under- -24.99 -24.37 -34.78 -6.68 -21.01 -6.50 -26.25 -30.94 -39.59 -6.95 -23.11 -6.43 -11.89 -14.44 -14.77 -
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
Place of residence Place of residence
Rural Rural
Delhi 1981-86 63.2 (112.1) 77.3
1987-92 (56.4) 52.9 (75.5) 68.2
1993-98 47 (49.9) 56.1
1999-05 36.3 (31.3) 44
Haryana 1981-86 93.7 67.5 128.4 89.2
1987-92 74.6 56.1 99.6 73.5
1993-98 61.2 42.1 82.3 61.1
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1999-05 50.7 (18.1) 63.9 28.4
Himachal Pradesh 1981-86 79 38.9 105 57
1987-92 51.3 56.1 63.8 60
1993-98 38.7 39.9 43.9 47.7
1999-05 38.9 (18.2) 44.7 18.2 1981-86 62.4 42.5 89.3 58.4
1987-92 55.8 52.8 71.8 60.2
1993-98 58.7 52.5 74.3 62.6
1999-05 45.8 32.6 50.1 45.5
1981-86 65.2 39.6 86.5 51
1987-92 59.3 43 74.1 53.1
1993-98 53.8 37.3 66.2 47.3
1999-05 44.3 41.2 53 49.1
Rajasthan 1981-86 79.1 56.6 114.1 73.4
1987-92 89 70.3 126.7 881993-98 85.5 63.1 119.4 80.6
1999-05 68.2 68.5 88.5 79
1981-86 77.7 74.2 122 89.8
1987-92 63.9 58.9 84.5 77.9
1993-98 55.7 22.8 71.9 44.5
1999-05 54.6 29.5 69 46.1
1981-86 122.6 151
1987-92 84. 2 119.3
1993-98 96.3 81.5 132.6 105.3
1999-05 72.8 48.1 96.3 58.6
Madhya Pradesh 1981-86 123.3 78 190.1 97.2
1987-92 110.2 60.8 172.5 85.2
1993-98 97.1 72.3 146.2 89.9
1999-05 78.1 62.1 104.8 77.9
1981-86 153.5 73.7 209.7 102.9
1987-92 116.1 66.5 159 95.3
1993-98 100.1 71.4 138.8 95.1
1999-05 76.1 63 101.1 84.4
Bihar 1981-86 116.5 62.7 163.7 91.3
1987-92 86.8 62 127.6 89.3
1993-98 78.3 52.9 119.1 881999-05 61.1 58.1 86 77.5
1981-86 (82.6) 115.7 (66.1)
1987-92 79.7 (54.5) 114.7 (68.9)
1993 98 74 6 45 4 110 50 3
State Period Infant mortality rate
Place of residence Place of residence
Rural Rural
ArunachalPradesh
1981-86 61.5 105.9
1987-92 46.3 83.7
1993-98 67.6 ( 60.8) 99.1 (111.4)
1999-05 57.1 ( 85.9) 82.0 110.2
Assam 1981-86 94.1 90.9 145.4 115.5
1987-92 73.9 56.1 108.1 76.5
1993-98 70.9 43.5 95.4 69.1
1999-05 67.5 51.3 87.2 63.3
Manipur 1981-86 42.8 ( 22.3) 76.5 ( 33.6)
1987-92 46 3 ( 41 6) 66 9 55 8
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1987 92 46.3 ( 41.6) 66.9 55.8
1993-98 39.4 33.9 58.1 57.6
1999-05 31.8 29.9 44.5 38.7
Meghalaya 1981-86 26.0 38.0 ( 60.2)
1987-92 66.6 ( 84.1) 103.3 ( 83.5)1993-98 73.3 ( 36.6) 107.4 82.8
1999-05 41.3 43.2 67.5 51.8
Mizoram 1981-86 15.0 ( 25.8) 19.4 31.0
1987-92 15.6 15.9 52.0 41.6
1993-98 44.3 29.5 62.9 44.3
1999-05 27.6 28.9 44.5 42.3
Nagaland 1981-86 6.6 ( 4.6) 8.0 ( 4.6)
1987-92 36.8 40.9 ( 62.6)
1993-98 55.6 25.8 81.4 32.6
1999-05 43.1 40.8 68.0 50.4
Sikkim 1981-86
1987-92
1993-98 43.5 ( 39.5) 60.1 ( 54.8)
1999-05 28.5 ( 25.3) 36.6 25.3
Tripura 1981-86 96.8 118. 2 (138.2)
1987-92 75.0 97.0 (102.6)
1993-98 68.0 82.9 ( 46.7)
1999-05 47.0 59.5 ( 33.2)
Goa 1981-86 35.3 44.3 44.9 52.2
1987-92 29.0 38.3 42.3 45.1
1993-98 29.0 52.3 38.6 63.6
1999-05 19.5 22.6 22.6 29.8
Gujarat 1981-86 87.5 52.4 115.9 73.9
1987-92 73.9 61.0 111.4 83.4
1993-98 76.6 49.5 95.1 68.0
1999-05 69.9 39.7 85.0 46.7
Andhra Pradesh 1981-86 86.2 60.4 117.9 75.2
1987-92 77.2 55.3 100.6 63.9
1993-98 80.9 43.0 100.3 54.61999-05 64.7 38.3 74.7 44.8
Karnataka 1981-86 93.3 49.9 129.1 79.9
1987-92 76.5 57.5 105.5 70.5
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
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HimachalPradesh
1981 86 81.6 73.4 52.7 111.7 98.8 1987-92 57.6 48.4 45.7 73.8 60.5 1993-98 33.7 54.0 33.6 46.3 49.8 1999-05 ( 60.7) ( 32.7) 31.1 60.7 40.2
Kashmir
1981-86 59.2 ( 70.1) 54.9 89.8 (100.6) 1987-92 62.0 ( 45.3) 35.1 78.0 60.6 1993-98 62.9 ( 68.4) 39.9 81.8 ( 75.4) 1999-05 47.9 ( 65.0) 23.8 54.6 ( 68.5)
1981-86 65.6 44.8 52.6 91.9 55.1 1987-92 69.3 56.5 32.4 85.8 71.1 1993-98 59.9 ( 55.1) 34.0 76.9 68.0 1999-05 51.5 ( 40.7) 37.7 65.5 45.6
Rajasthan 1981-86 76.4 ( 65.4) ( 57.6) 110.4 78.7 1987-92 87.5 77.8 55.2 124.9 97.1 1993-98 85.4 70.6 30.2 120.4 102.8 1999-05 73.6 66.2 ( 38.4) 93.9 86.3
1981-86 81.0 ( 56.7) 128.6 ( 98.6) 1987-92 71.7 ( 30.6) ( 67.5) 96.7 ( 39.5) 1993-98 60.5 ( 42.4) 28.5 84.5 ( 45.7)1999-05 63.7 ( 54.7) 28.9 88.6 61.1
1981-86 129.3 157.0 1987-92 87.7 124.8 1993-98 98.1 85.2 ( 36.5) 139.7 116.7 1999-05 68.1 69.8 69.7 95.0 87.5
MadhyaPradesh
1981-86 126.7 60.4 65.7 191.7 87.2 1987-92 107.9 88.1 43.6 171.6 116.5 1993-98 102.6 76.4 44.5 154.0 100.3 1999-05 78.3 76.5 60.0 105.4 101.7
1981-86 150.7 83.2 81.4 207.5 120.7 1987-92 117.0 77.4 63.5 161.3 110.4 1993-98 101.0 84.3 69.6 143.0 109.8 1999-05 78.4 83.5 52.1 108.4 97.5
Bihar 1981-86 117.5 75.2 ( 64.4) 165.8 120.2 1987-92 88.3 77.8 50.4 133.6 97.0 1993-98 83.2 53.7 50.7 127.4 88.9 1999-05 66.3 52.4 38.3 95.4 70.9
1981-86 85.1 117.9 1987-92 83.0 118.8 ( 91.1)1993-98 76.7 ( 54.1) ( 67.5) 113.7 ( 66.6) 1999-05 79.6 ( 59.8) 50.2 116.6 67.2
Orissa 1981-86 147.2 112.0 ( 74.8) 168.4 122.9 1987-92 114.6 88.2 ( 49.8) 144.1 100.7
State Period Infant mortality rate
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1993-98 46.6 30.4 33.0 68.4 47.
1999-05 40.1 46.2 20.8 58.6 60.
Meghalaya 1981-86 27.2 ( 30.6) 42.2 (
1987-92 40.7 ( 70.3) ( 66.9) 117.7 93.
1993-98 81.5 97.7 ( 52.1) 132.9 78.1999-05 45.1 42.3 35.2 82.9 58.
Mizora m 1981-86 14.5 ( 29.6)
1987-92 9.7 ( 26.9)
1993-98 40.1 ( 33.3)
1999-05 33.4 19.8
Nagaland 1981-86 6.9 ( 3.1) ( 8.9) 9.2 3.
1987-92 ( 30.1) ( 43.7) ( 32.0) 35.3 16.
1993-98 38.2 30.6 55.9 94.4 60.
1999-05 54.5 45.9 25.4 82.5 75.
Sikkim 1981-86
1987-92
1993-98 53.7 ( 30.3) ( 34.2) 75.9 ( 44.
1999-05 ( 12.5) ( 42.7) ( 26.0) 21.0 49.
Tripura 1981-86 87.6 (112.9) 111.1 1
1987-92 ( 91.2) ( 70.2) 118.8
1993-98 ( 76.0) ( 70.9) 94.6
1999-05 ( 79.4) ( 38.7) ( 20.8) 109.2) 44.6
Goa 1981-86 64.3 40.1 7.9 78.0 47.
1987-92 64.3 23.4 16.3 76.9 31.
1993-98 ( 41.6) ( 53.4) 28.8 53.7 60.
1999-05 ( 31.7) ( 28.0) 15.8 52.5) 30.Gujarat 1981-86 96.5 46.2 25.7 127.3 69.7
1987-92 83.6 49.4 44.3 127.3 68.
1993-98 81.4 57.9 32.3 105.5 70.
1999-05 81.7 57.6 24.0 98.9 68.
Maharashtra 1981-86 75.2 48.1 26.5 107.0 63.2
1987-92 66.1 51.4 32.3 92.8 66.
1993-98 59.5 42.1 38.3 74.3 51.
1999-05 69.5 49.0 25.5 85.3 56.
AndhraPradesh
1981-86 88.6 ( 64.2) ( 40.4) 119.5 92.
1987-92 80.2 73.9 50.8 102.8 84.1993-98 82.4 54.9 47.2 101.4 70.
1999-05 68.0 46.9 45.8 78.7 55.
Karnataka 1981-86 97.7 47.1 35.2 138.8 74.9
1987 92 82 7 50 4 46 8 114 3 64
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
Social Group Social Gro
SC ST Muslim + Others SC ST
Delhi 1981-86 (82.9) 64.9 (74.0)
1987-92 (55.4) (61.0) 50.5 85.5
1993-98 85. 1 (32.6) 38.1 84.3
1999-05 31. 0 (56.6) 32.2 46.3
Haryana 1981-86 102.7 81.5 151.0
1987-92 76. 6 65.1 103.7
1993-98 59.1 56.9 86.5
1999-05 52.1 37.1 71.2
Hi h l P d h 1981 86 79 9 75 0 112 9
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Himachal Pradesh 1981-86 79.9 75.0 112.9
1987-92 50. 9 49.5 69.8
1993-98 (46.3) 35.2 52.0
1999-05 (54.0) 29.7 64.4
1981-86 56. 7 (101.1) 53.7 87.8
1987-92 55. 0 42.2 54.4 72.3
1993-98 (51.3) 56.7 74.9 60.5
1999-05 44.7 (32.1) (80.4) (25.9)
1981-86 71.6 52.9 92.3
1987-92 72.1 45.9 85.8
1993-98 61.7 43.4 80.7
1999-05 42.2 45.4 56.5
Rajasthan 1981-86 85.8 72.0 (43.8) 74.5 118.1 121.7 (64.9
1987-92 102.9 89.1 45.0 79.7 142.4 140.6 62
1993-98 86.4 96.5 75.7 75.9 123.0 143.6 1051999-05 98.6 57.7 (66.8) 58.5 122.7 99.1 75
1981-86 (82.6) 73.4 (121.8)
1987-92 66.2 (114.6)
1993-98 44.1 46.2 92.4
1999-05 (64.7) 42.9 88.7
1981-86 118.2 (107.7) 156.3
1987-92 73.2 (69.7) 99.2
1993-98 (91.7) 119.1 85.3 79.5 164.1
1999-05 (44.1) 68.7 72.3 57.5 96.1
Madhya Pradesh 1981-86 (136.9) 100.6 (69.8) 118.0 184.2 179.4 81.9 1987-92 112.1 101.9 (86.0) 94.6 183.8 186.5 101.
1993-98 89.5 107.8 (74.1) 86.3 135.7 181.6 98
1999-05 80.2 83.0 (56.4) 70.7 104.4 125.0 78
1981-86 151.2 100.8 144.6 221.6
1987-92 129.0 82.9 107.3 180.9 (163.9) 1
1993-98 102.3 78.9 96.9 155.0 (122.6) 1
1999-05 85. 6 65.5 70.5 122.6
Bihar 1981-86 144.1 100.2 105.3 196.1
1987-92 89. 1 87.9 79.1 142.3
1993-98 94. 9 78.4 70.5 154.8
1999-05 60. 6 67.3 58.4 93.7
1981-86 (47.0)
1987-92 60.2 (59.7) 79.7 (105.9) 114.1 (
1993 98 (105 5) 67 5 (56 3) 62 5 (135 7) 127 4 66
State Period Infant mortality rate
Social Group Soci
SC ST Muslim + Others SC ST
ArunachalPradesh
1981-86 65.1 112.8
1987-92 47.7 89.0
1993-98 67.4 (49.8) (97.1) 99.6
1999-05 63.7 (61.1) 90.4
Assam 1981-86 (94.4) 105.6 88.8 158.8 1987-92 (47.0) 93.3 79.1 66.0 (83.1) 113.0
1993-98 (46.0) 67.3 77.9 70.6 (65.7) 83.4
1999-05 (89.8) (53.7) 74.6 53.7 (108.2) (79.8)
Manipur 1981-86 (49.8) 32.8 (95.6)
1987-92 42.4 39.5 70.7
1993-98 42.1 (75.8) 33.4 63.4
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1999-05 47.0 (53.1) 15.9 (38.9) 63.3
Meghalaya 1981-86 30.3 41.3
1987-92 61.7 96.9
1993-98 69.3 98.7
1999-05 42.9 64.1
Mizoram 1981-86 21.3 24.9
1987-92 26.4 46.7
1993-98 37.9 54.3
1999-05 27.8 43.3
Nagaland 1981-86 6.3 7.4
1987-92 39.7 44.1
1993-98 51.7 14.9 75.7
1999-05 37.1 56.1 (78.3) 55.5
Sikkim 1981-86
1987-92 (86.4) NR (133.4)1993-98 (40.9) 38.9 (58.6)
1999-05 (17.3) 36.3 27.6
Tripura 1981-86 106.0 (87.4)
1987-92 72.4 (126.7) (108.2)
1993-98 (61.9) (93.1) (97.1)
1999-05 (40.4) (42.6) (113.5)
Goa 1981-86 36.6
1987-92 37.7
1993-98 35.8
1999-05 19.3
Gujarat 1981-86 95.7 (45.5) 76.7 (104.4) 139.9
1987-92 75.8 71.7 (45.6) 72.0 131.6 107.8
1993-98 88.3 74.0 (36.9) 60.7 110.9 102.5
1999-05 (47.5) (84.1) (48.9) 59.0 67.6 (111.4)
Maharashtra 1981-86 (72.3) 48.7 58.0 (119.0) 105.4
1987-92 65.5 (59.0) 30.2 59.5 105.7 76.1
1993-98 56.6 (69.7) 31.2 46.1 63.5 91.9
1999-05 36.0 49.2 28.1 48.6 41.0 69.2
Andhra Pradesh 1981-86 90.4 (44.2) 81.8 110.1 (125.5)
1987-92 97. 8 (42.0) 68.2 121.5 (116.4)
1993-98 83.1 (74.5) 29.5 71.6 101.8 (113.5) 1999-05 82.1 (96.1) 37.7 46.2 87.3 (106.1)
Karnataka 1981-86 97.2 (69.2) 66.4 81.2 140.3 (113.5)
1987-92 87.1 (113.2) 59.0 67.4 116.4 (138.9)
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
Standard of Living Index Standard of Living Index
Low Medium High Low Medium Hig
Delhi 1981-86 87.5 47.4 103.4 5
1987-92 70.5 33.7 92.0 41993-98 72.0 30.3 87.1 3
1999-05 49.7 29.9 62.0 3
Haryana 1981-86 (142.2) 90.8 54.7 (178.1) 125.0 75.7
1987-92 ( 99.8) 72.9 51.0 135.4 97.0 66.5
1993-98 ( 74.2) 62.6 45.5 129.5 88.3 52.5
1999-05 ( 34.5) 59.4 36.4 60.9 78.0 42.2
Hi h l P d h 1981 86 ( 80 8) 77 5 ( 54 0) 127 3 100 1 63 3
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Himachal Pradesh 1981-86 ( 80.8) 77.5 ( 54.0) 127.3 100.1 63.3
1987-92 ( 50.0) 51.3 53.2 84.3 62.8 53.9
1993-98 35.5 43.1 ( 34.5) 40.7 48.
1999-05 ( 49.3) 27.1 58.0 3
1981-86 ( 62.5) 59.3 56.5 109.1 82.8 62.0
1987-92 ( 75.0) 56.9 34.2 84.4 69.4 46.1
1993-98 ( 58.8) 66.5 41.4 75.8 85.9 48.4
1999-05 64.7 26.8 ( 36.6) 71.4 34.
1981-86 67.5 41.4 (111.7) 93.9 49.
1987-92 69.6 40.0 ( 97.2) 84.8 47.
1993-98 66.0 36.0 79.2 4
1999-05 61.3 28.5 ( 84.6) 75.9 32.
Rajasthan 1981-86 79.0 79.2 54.6 116.2 110.6 75.7
1987-92 96.3 87.1 66.0 147.2 118.1 78.1
1993-98 99.2 84.9 47.9 142.3 118.5 59.71999-05 68.3 83.3 56.4 93.4 102.9 67.1
1981-86 87.7 79.1 ( 60.9) 154.6 107.7 63.3
1987-92 74.4 65.1 ( 49.9) 125.0 79.7 74.7
1993-98 ( 75.9) 53.0 5.6 77.2 73.2 5.6
1999-05 ( 83.3) 47.9 32.5 116.4 61.0 42.5
1981-86 136.8 (108. 0) 169.4 128.2
1987-92 76.2 59.2 100.0 114.5
1993-98 78.3 105.8 87.1 136.7 127.9 87
1999-05 63.1 83.3 46.7 98.0 103.7 51.2
Madhya Pradesh 1981-86 124.5 114.3 42.6 205.4 154.0 46.3
1987-92 108.3 102.1 56.1 185.9 143.9 71.71993-98 106.1 95.3 54.8 168.4 132.6 66.4
1999-05 87.7 72.5 48.1 120.4 98.5 55.5
1981-86 156.9 139.4 85.1 225.7 186.9 101.0
1987-92 123.1 107.8 72.9 178.3 145.2 89.5
1993-98 112.9 91.0 68.3 162.8 125.6 82.3
1999-05 79.8 74.8 62.2 112.3 102.8 71.1
Bihar 1981-86 133.2 93.5 45.6 184.4 129.9 56.1
1987-92 97.3 69.4 ( 48.6) 148.9 94.7 66.6
1993-98 84.2 71.4 55.7 137.2 100.2 72.9
1999-05 66.0 51.9 57.8 98.6 71.9 72.0
1981-86 ( 75.8) (106.2) (119.6)
1987-92 85.9 78.9 127.8 107.4
1993-98 83.9 55.2 51.7 126.7 74.0 65.7
1999 05 80 2 75 7 42 2 122 0 95 6 45 7
State Period Infant mortality rate
Standard of Living Index Standard of Living Ind
Low Medium High Low Medium
Arunachal Pradesh 1981-86 ( 97.7) 37.1 149.5 75.4
1987-92 ( 66.5) 31.3 114.3 64.0
1993-98 ( 82.1) 46.8 ( 23.3) 121.8 101.1 (
1999-05 ( 86.0) ( 80.1) ( 30.9) 116.5 98.3
Assam 1981-86 108.4 74.4 ( 40.3) 172.1 106.8
1987-92 81.7 65.6 ( 30.2) 125.6 82.9
1993-98 85.2 62.7 47.5 120.9 81.3
1999-05 77.6 63.5 41.6 102.3 81.2
Manipur 1981-86 ( 46.6) 31.8 84.5 54.7
1987-92 47.9 47.7 81.5 58.7
1993-98 52.6 35.1 22.8 83.3 51.5
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1999-05 71.1 30.5 14.8 89.7 40.8
Meghalaya 1981-86 26.3 36.5 39.3 49.3
1987-92 77.1 53.7 130.8 72.3
1993-98 103.8 57.7 ( 32.5) 124.9 79.8 1999-05 36.7 46.7 ( 36.7) 72.8 60.5
Mizoram 1981-86 ( 16.0) 20.9 ( 16.0) 26.7
1987-92 ( 12.9) 22.7 ( 29.8) 38.3
1993-98 37.5 14.8 ( 83.5) 62.8
1999-05 35.3 16.8 ( 64.5) 51.4
Nagaland 1981-86 5.8 ( 6.6) 5.8
1987-92 ( 22.0) 40.6 ( 52.4) 43.9
1993-98 ( 61.9) 51.8 61.9 74.7 76.1
1999-05 59.7 42.5 27.4 102.4 63.0
Sikkim 1981-86
1987-92
1993-98 50.3 ( 25.3) ( 59.9) 72.6
1999-05 ( 31.6) ( 23. 3) 42.0
Tripura 1981-86 123.3 79.6 153.6 96.3
1987-92 ( 86.8) 66.6 114.8 80.0
1993-98 ( 88. 7) ( 52.7) 68.7 65.7
1999-05 ( 63. 3) ( 57.2) ( 86.2) 65.2
Goa 1981-86 ( 55.6) 49.8 15.9 72.4 59.8
1987-92 ( 56.0) 36.6 15.8 64.6 50.4
1993-98 ( 37.5) 37.5 53.3
1999-05 ( 20.8) 19.3 ( 29.1) Gujarat 1981-86 113.1 66.6 31.3 150.4 93.7 4
1987-92 91.9 63.0 39.8 151.0 88.1
1993-98 90.2 67.8 40.4 126.7 85.3
1999-05 ( 84.7) 64.7 41.9 110.5 76.4
Maharashtra 1981-86 68.2 62.2 28.4 103.0 80.5 3
1987-92 75.1 51.0 25.4 106.6 66.7
1993-98 60.6 51.1 34.5 79.3 58.3
1999-05 65.5 41.1 29.9 82.0 46.9
Andhra Pradesh 1981-86 94.0 73.0 ( 43.0) 130.3 96.8 43
1987-92 89.9 62.6 ( 42.8) 114.6 80.7
1993-98 90.5 68.3 38.6 112.0 86.1 1999-05 72.0 60.1 44.6 90.6 65.2
Karnataka 1981-86 108.0 67.7 ( 39.0) 159.4 92.2 4
1987-92 86.9 64.9 14.4 125.0 82.5
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Mortality Rates
ENN NN PNN Infant Toddler Child(24-60)
Delhi 1981-86 24.3 36.9 30.4 66.2 6.3 8.6 141987-92 21.5 29.4 26.8 55.4 7.0 9.1 161993-98 24.3 29.0 17.6 46.1 4.6 5.2 91999-05 17.9 24.0 11.5 35.2 3.7 4.1 7
Haryana 1981-86 32.4 49.1 39.5 86.7 16.5 18.0 34.31987-92 25.8 37.4 35.8 71.8 13.9 11.4 25
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1993-98 23.6 31.7 27.1 57.9 12.0 8.5 201999-05 20.0 24.3 18.8 42.6 5.2 7.9 13
Himachal Pradesh 1981-86 25.5 37.9 39.1 75.5 11.1 16.4 27.4
1987-92 23.4 33.3 20.2 52.8 6.3 6.6 121993-98 21.9 26.4 12.8 38.9 3.1 2.6 51999-05 22.6 29.7 7.4 36.9 2.7 2.7
1981-86 25.2 34.7 26.0 59.8 12.4 14.9 271987-92 23.5 34.1 20.4 53.8 6.8 8.6 151993-98 27.0 38.0 21.6 58.8 7.3 7.8 151999-05 17.7 29.5 14.0 43.1 2.2 4.3 6
1981-86 24.3 34.9 23.7 57.8 10.8 8.8 191987-92 24.1 33.5 21.5 54.2 8.1 6.4 141993-98 23.1 32.3 19.3 50.9 5.0 7.7 121999-05 21.0 27.0 16.6 43.2 5.5 3.3 8
Rajasthan 1981-86 27.2 43.8 32.5 74.9 14.8 19.6 34.21987-92 30.4 46.0 38.0 82.3 17.6 18.3 351993-98 37.6 52.7 29.4 80.5 15.8 18.1 331999-05 35.9 45.1 24.3 68.3 10.1 9.6 19
1981-86 40.0 51.5 26.8 76.9 18.3 22.3 401987-92 20.0 38.9 25.4 63.3 7.0 14.7 211993-98 18.9 29.8 20.1 49.3 9.2 7.5 161999-05 28.2 33.8 15.2 48.5 6.3 9.5 15
1981-86 45.0 63.4 55.1 115.0 11.9 17.0 281987-92 36.5 51.9 25.4 76.0 14.0 19.3 331993-98 50.7 65.4 27.7 91.3 17.7 20.6 371999-05 40.0 49.2 20.4 68.6 7.9 14.9 22
Madhya Pradesh 1981-86 42.1 59.7 56.2 112.5 21.7 41.1 62.0 1987-92 41.8 61.1 38.4 97.1 25.7 33.9 581993-98 37.5 56.0 36.8 90.7 16.6 32.3 481999-05 34.8 47.5 28.5 74.6 11.9 14.5 26
1981-86 53.6 84.0 60.0 139.0 24.5 35.7 591987-92 43.9 67.0 43.1 107.2 18.5 26.9 441993-98 43.0 60.3 35.6 93.8 16.8 22.7 391999-05 37.0 48.7 26.0 73.4 11.1 15.3 26
Bihar 1981-86 43.6 62.2 50.8 109.8 17.9 32.9 50.1987-92 39.4 53.0 33.9 85.1 16.2 27.5 431993-98 38.1 49.2 29.1 76.9 15.9 25.6 411999-05 31.9 40.7 21.0 60.8 8.4 17.5 25
1981-86 32.3 43.9 36.3 78.6 13.6 17.5 301987-92 33.9 50.4 26.6 75.7 10.1 24.4 34
State Period Mortality Rates
ENN NN PNN Infant Toddler Child(24-60)
Arunachal Pradesh 1981-86 13.9 19.7 41.2 60.1 19.9 24.2
1987-92 10.9 19.0 25.7 44.2 12.3 22.4
1993-98 24.3 35.2 28.4 62.6 13.9 21.5
1999-05 23.7 33.6 32.1 64.6 6.7 19.8
Assam 1981-86 35.2 56.9 39.1 93.8 20.3 34.0 1987-92 27.6 46.0 31.9 76.4 12.1 27.8
1993-98 33.6 45.1 25.2 69.1 7.2 17.1
1999-05 32.0 45.6 21.1 65.7 4.1 16.0
Manipur 1981-86 9.6 18.2 18.8 36.7 9.2 18.8
1987-92 17.8 23.7 21.3 44.5 5.8 14.5
1993-98 17.2 22.0 17.3 39.0 7.5 11.6
1999-05 17.3 20.7 10.8 31.3 4.2 7.8
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Meghalaya 1981-86 12.1 19.2 10.7 29.7 6.7 6.0
1987-92 24.6 34.9 30.3 64.1 7.0 26.4
1993-98 26.1 40.6 34.9 74.1 5.4 26.7
1999-05 17.3 20.7 21.3 41.6 8.1 16.2 Mizoram 1981-86 5.8 6.9 14.2 21.0 0.0 4.8
1987-92 12.6 16.0 8.7 24.5 6.6 12.9
1993-98 16.9 20.1 17.6 37.4 5.7 12.1
1999-05 11.1 15.4 13.0 28.2 7.6 8.1
Nagaland 1981-86 1.0 2.0 4.1 6.1 0.0 1.1
1987-92 13.7 21.1 14.3 34.9 1.1 3.7
1993-98 18.3 26.3 24.4 49.9 5.0 18.1
1999-05 16.3 21.1 22.0 42.6 6.8 15.8
Sikkim 1981-86 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1987-92 30.0 41.4 26.3 66.6 6.6 16.0
1993-98 23.2 29.8 12.8 42.2 8.6 11.3
1999-05 8.8 16.0 12.2 28.0 2.5 4.6
Tripura 1981-86 43.3 65.1 37.4 100.1 7.9 16.4
1987-92 37.4 47.3 27.7 73.7 10.9 13.4
1993-98 35.5 45.2 17.9 62.3 6.3 7.6
1999-05 23.2 27.5 17.2 44.2 5.9 6.3
Goa 1981-86 18.4 29.1 10.8 39.6 2.9 6.4
1987-92 21.1 25.5 13.0 38.1 3.6 4.0
1993-98 22.0 27.1 10.3 37.1 1.4 6.1
1999-05 10.3 13.2 8.2 21.3 1.6 4.0
Gujarat 1981-86 36.2 50.1 27.2 75.9 10.2 18.3 1987-92 30.3 45.7 25.1 69.6 16.3 18.5
1993-98 32.9 42.0 25.4 66.4 7.8 12.8
1999-05 36.7 42.0 17.5 58.8 4.7 8.2
Maharashtra 1981-86 24.1 36.6 24.2 59.9 9.0 15.8
1987-92 29.5 38.7 15.9 54.1 7.3 13.6
1993-98 27.9 35.5 13.2 48.2 4.9 7.0
1999-05 29.4 35.8 8.0 43.5 2.3 6.4
Andhra Pradesh 1981-86 35.6 51.7 29.3 79.5 9.3 20.4
1987-92 37.8 48.0 24.4 71.2 8.1 13.3
1993-98 39.6 49.3 21.1 69.4 7.5 11.5
1999-05 34.8 42.4 14.3 56.1 2.6 6.9
Karnataka 1981-86 37.0 51.5 30.7 80.6 14.6 23.0
1987-92 37.0 47.9 23.3 70.1 9.4 16.2
1993-98 28.8 38.7 15.2 53.3 6.0 11.6
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
Age of Mother at Birth of the Child (in years) Age of Mother at Birth of the Ch
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1999 05 (57.9) 43.6 27.7 63.6 50.8
Himachal Pradesh 1981-86 78.4 67.3 78.5 * 108.3 87.7 108
1987-92 (84.1) 47.5 42.6 * 94.3 59.2
1993-98 (62.3) 41.2 29.5 * (69.5) 46.4
1999-05 * 37.7 34.3 * (56.7) 43.1
Jammu & Kashmir 1981-86 (75.2) 57.3 55.1 * 100.7 73.7 87
1987-92 54.7 51.3 53.2 * 87.0 66.0
1993-98 (64.9) 54.6 55.7 * 81.1 67.0
1999-05 * 45.9 32.5 * (89.9) 50.2
Punjab 1981-86 (56.0) 61.5 58.1 * 72.3 81.0 7
1987-92 (65.8) 55.7 50.0 * 81.2 68.2
1993-98 (55.6) 57.7 40.3 * 86.9 69.1
1999-05 (59.9) 37.9 43.4 * 66.0 48.1
Rajasthan 1981-86 101.0 58.7 70.6 (86.7) 133.8 92.1 99
1987-92 111.8 74.7 78.7 (78.8) 142.4 109.0 11
1993-98 101.4 67.9 80.5 (85.9) 135.3 94.7 11
1999-05 96.1 59.4 60.3 * 115.4 79.2
1981-86 (123.5) 56.4 74.0 * (174.8) 85.8 10
1987-92 (39.8) 66.4 63.9 * (101.2) 71.7
1993-98 (79.4) 47.0 29.9 * 69.2 69.2
1999-05 (67.2) 48.5 41.9 * (85.5) 59.2
1981-86 (152.2) (132.3) (67.5) * 200.2 157.2 7
1987-92 (114.1) (69.0) (49.1) * 122.3 87.7
1993-98 133.9 81.5 76.0 * 162.0 128.1 11
1999-05 94.6 74.5 43.7 * 114.1 93.2
Madhya Pradesh 1981-86 126.6 104.8 105.8 (134.0) 190.6 157.4 155.8
1987-92 122.4 87.5 90.6 (97.7) 180.9 139.8 13
1993-98 120.2 81.3 79.0 (86.2) 162.4 125.5 11
1999-05 111.2 70.3 58.6 * 146.1 90.3
1981-86 171.7 142.2 120.6 135.3 221.8 194.1 170
1987-92 142.8 95.0 95.4 121.5 180.0 136.4 13
1993-98 119.3 85.0 87.7 101.7 150.3 118.9 12
1999-05 101.2 68.4 60.5 96.1 128.3 85.1 8
State Period Infant mortality rate
Age of Mother at Birth of the Child (in years) Age of Mother at Birth of
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( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1993-98 (79.5) 47.5 (70.1) * (112.1) 80.7
1999-05 (79.3) (72.2) 55.4 * (95.6) 98.1
Assam 1981-86 111.1 76.9 94.7 * 155.8 135.8
1987-92 89.9 72.5 57.5 * 125.6 105.6
1993-98 88.6 62.2 60.4 * 116.4 83.8
1999-05 90.0 62.4 53.5 * 117.7 70.7
Manipur 1981-86 * (46.0) (28.7) * * (57.7)
1987-92 * (46.4) 38.2 * * 65.0
1993-98 (83.2) 45.3 30.4 * (99.0) 63.4
1999-05 (75.1) 35.6 22.5 (21.7) (96.8) 41.0
Meghalaya 1981-86 (27.0) (31.0) (26.4) * (37.4) 41.3
1987-92 (68.7) (67.8) (66.4) * (96.3) 112.9
1993-98 * (73.7) 61.4 * (116.4) 93.9
1999-05 * 44.6 32.3 (53.6) (101.7) 64.0
Mizoram 1981-86 * (29.8) (18.4) * * 29.8
1987-92 * (35.9) 9.0 * * 58.7
1993-98 * (41.7) 33.9 * (37.6) 60.6
1999-05 * (14.2) 29.5 * (46.6) 24.3
Nagaland 1981-86 * (10.2) 4.5 * (NR) 10.2
1987-92 * (22.7) (47.5) * (13.0) 18.8
1993-98 25.3 36.5 46.0 * 63.0 57.3
1999-05 (57.8) 31.8 42.7 (56.4) 92.8 53.4
Sikkim 1981-86 * * * * * *
1987-92 * (55.3) (35.9) * (118.6) *
1993-98 (42.2) (40.6) (42.2) * (67.3) 50.9
1999-05 * (26.3) (20.0) * (47.5) 26.3
Tripura 1981-86 (90.8) (102.0) (94.1) * (118.3) 125.8
1987-92 (97.6) (55.9) (73.1) * (119.3) 88.4
1993-98 (61.8) (63.1) (60.1) * (77.3) 48.8
1999-05 (52.1) (39.9) (32.9) * (56.5) 62.8
Goa 1981-86 (76.6) 39.3 33.5 * (94.5) 45.2
1987-92 * 33.5 24.0 * (119.5) 35.2
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
Age of Mother at Birth of the Child (in years) Age of Mother at Birth of the Ch
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1993-98 69.6 47.9 42.4 * 89.2 63.0
1999-05 61.7 45.9 31.3 * 74.4 56.3
Kerala 1981-86 43.5 33.4 35.8 * 53.7 46.6
1987-92 (28.8) 25.6 25.4 * 34.8 32.6
1993-98 * 15.9 13.7 * (25.2) 20.6
1999-05 * 23.3 12.4 * (28.6) 23.3
Tamil Nadu 1981-86 67.4 68.3 71.5 * 111.4 96.1 11
1987-92 79.6 62.8 52.9 * 102.0 74.6
1993-98 49.3 54.9 44.6 * 58.5 71.2
1999-05 (36.0) 37.8 21.7 * 48.4 43.5
State Period Infant mortality rate
Birth Order
1 2-3 4+ 1
Delhi 1981-86 72.0 52.8 81.6 82.7
1987-92 56.2 47.4 64.0 64.8 1993-98 42.7 41.6 (60.9) 50.8
1999-05 34.4 29.5 (52.9) 42.9
Haryana 1981-86 82.5 90.4 85.4 110.1
1987-92 82.0 61.5 72.8 99.3
1993-98 57.2 51.0 77.9 72.8
1999-05 45.6 38.5 (46.4) 52.9
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Himachal Pradesh 1981-86 69.7 65.5 95.2 93.9
1987-92 58.7 47.4 50.5 65.7
1993-98 48.1 33.0 (51.1) 51.4
1999-05 44.0 31.1 * 48.5
Jammu & Kashmir 1981-86 61.9 59.0 59.1 84.2
1987-92 61.4 45.0 65.1 70.4
1993-98 59.7 52.1 65.8 66.6
1999-05 43.5 41.2 46.2 51.3
Punjab 1981-86 50.7 62.6 56.9 59.7
1987-92 50.5 49.4 52.2 63.6
1993-98 60.0 37.7 (64.4) 68.3
1999-05 42.2 37.1 (71.3) 43.6
Rajasthan 1981-86 82.1 65.8 81.2 105.2
1987-92 95.1 79.2 84.7 120.1
1993-98 81.8 71.2 90.6 102.3
1999-05 62.0 63.6 78.0 75.0
1981-86 (106.2) 66.9 72.9 138.3
1987-92 (71.2) 51.5 75.1 71.1
1993-98 43.3 46.2 36.1 46.7
1999-05 48.9 33.1 76.3 54.8
1981-86 (145.6) (102.9) (106.7) (186.5)
1987-92 (109.3) (59.1) (62.3) (162.3)
1993-98 130.6 92.8 65.7 146.9
1999-05 109.3 53.8 52.5 127.7
Madhya Pradesh 1981-86 111.2 101.9 124.1 148.0 16
1987-92 113.8 88.2 100.4 157.3
1993-98 103.7 75.7 102.4 126.1
1999-05 82.3 67.3 78.2 103.0
1981-86 154.5 122.8 145.1 194.8
1987-92 125.0 91.5 112.5 154.2
1993-98 113.0 80.2 98.8 133.2
1999-05 84.0 60.6 79.4 99.3
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
Birth Order Birth
1 2-3 4+ 1 2
Orissa 1981-86 152.5 128.9 124.3 165.7 143.3
1987-92 114.8 91.0 107.9 130.8 117.9
1993-98 93.3 80.3 92.8 116.0 102.1
1999-05 69.9 52.7 65.4 89.9 77.7West Bengal 1981-86 97.9 76.9 90.3 113.6 109.1
1987-92 73.4 63.5 71.7 89.8 86.8
1993-98 55.0 51.6 69.2 69.4 65.5
1999-05 63.4 34.9 49.6 70.0 44.9
Arunachal Pradesh 1981-86 (63.9) (40.0) (81.1) (100.0) 91.0
1987-92 (28.8) 37.1 (60.3) 60.6 74.8
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1993-98 (60.3) 51.8 (83.6) 70.1 81.1
1999-05 (77.5) 61.5 59.6 96.0 80.1
Assam 1981-86 97.4 82.4 102.0 138.3 125.5
1987-92 77.9 75.7 67.5 98.5 111.5
1993-98 70.5 65.4 75.0 91.1 85.7
1999-05 69.2 69.0 55.7 76.3 91.8
Manipur 1981-86 (36.4) (46.8) (27.3) (45.7)
1987-92 (35.0) 49.4 38.4 44.3 66.6
1993-98 39.2 31.2 46.4 58.4 50.9
1999-05 29.8 28.1 39.4 40.1 38.6
Meghalaya 1981-86 (25.4) (25.3) (37.8) (39.3) 30.8
1987-92 (70.4) 49.8 (77.9) 90.7 86.8
1993-98 (71.1) 82.3 69.9 111.3 93.0
1999-05 (58.9) 31.9 40.9 72.4 52.1
Mizoram 1981-86 (13.5) (24.1) (18.9) (18.6) 26.9
1987-92 (29.8) (22.0) (57.2) (44.7) 44.3
1993-98 (44.3) 30.1 (42.8) (61.5) 44.5
1999-05 (11.2) 26.8 (52.6) 22.6 40.0
Nagaland 1981-86 (4.4) (7.4) (5.7) (4.4) 9.9
1987-92 (25.2) (21.7) (46.7) (67.0) 26.1
1993-98 61.8 20.2 53.8 71.9 61.8
1999-05 37.7 32.9 54.8 61.8 48.0
Sikkim 1981-86 * * * * *
1987-92 (96.1) (45.9) (68.5) (100.1) *
1993-98 (26.1) (46.2) (54.2) 50.6 58.3
1999-05 (34.3) (20.3) * 37.8 2
Tripura 1981-86 (105.9) (78.8) (119.4) (124.4) 108.8
1987-92 (78.1) (59.5) (70.4) (96.9) 85.3
1993-98 (63.3) (57.0) * (69.4) 75.
1999-05 (35.1) (43.2) * 41.2 53.
Goa 1981-86 39.1 29.7 56.5 45.8 36.2
1987-92 39.8 29.3 (30.2) 47.8 38.9
State Period Infant mortality rate
Birth Order
1 2-3 4+ 1
Maharashtra 1981-86 73.4 56.2 52.3 91.4
1987-92 58.3 49.6 61.0 71.8
1993-98 48.4 43.2 61.3 57.3
1999-05 40.4 42.7 55.1 45.8 Andhra Pradesh 1981-86 96.4 70.2 76.1 110.0 1
1987-92 77.9 66.3 76.3 93.1
1993-98 74.9 57.6 100.0 85.1
1999-05 67.1 46.7 (65.0) 71.9
Karnataka 1981-86 77.0 67.4 101.7 107.9
1987-92 74.1 67.6 72.2 89.6
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1993-98 60.1 46.1 60.3 72.7
1999-05 53.2 39.9 53.0 58.9
Kerala 1981-86 32.3 33.4 56.4 40.0
1987-92 24.9 18.5 (69.2) 27.7
1993-98 17.1 17.1 * 24.2
1999-05 18.7 17.4 * 18.7
Tamil Nadu 1981-86 70.6 61.4 86.4 100.2
1987-92 68.7 56.9 84.2 80.6
1993-98 44.1 52.1 (72.0) 54.4
1999-05 27.6 33.5 * 33.0
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
Sex of Child Sex of Child
Female Male Female M
Delhi 1981-86 73.0 60.0 89.5 72
1987-92 53.0 56.9 73.1 671993-98 40.1 47.8 49.6 57
1999-05 36.8 32.5 44.6 40
Haryana 1981-86 83.4 90.4 126.6 109.5
1987-92 79.2 62.6 111.1 77
1993-98 59.3 56.9 89.1 67
1999-05 44.8 41.7 64.5 49
Hi h l P d h 1981 86 78 4 73 2 111 7 91 0
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Himachal Pradesh 1981-86 78.4 73.2 111.7 91.0
1987-92 46.1 56.8 57.4 69
1993-98 34.1 44.8 37.4 51
1999-05 32.2 43.6 37.7 49
Jammu & Kashmir 1981-86 61.9 57.4 97.6 73.1
1987-92 54.4 56.3 70.7 69
1993-98 53.8 61.9 72.2 73
1999-05 42.6 45.6 52.5 49
Punjab 1981-86 61.4 55.6 80.4 73.
1987-92 55.2 54.6 77.6 60
1993-98 55.2 45.5 72.5 52
1999-05 44.7 39.0 56.4 42
Rajasthan 1981-86 78.3 74.2 117.5 100.3
1987-92 86.6 86.1 129.6 111
1993-98 78.1 81.4 116.5 105
1999-05 80.1 60.2 102.5
1981-86 55.5 101.4 102.7 130
1987-92 79.1 56.9 97.0 68
1993-98 33.7 44.8 69.0 60
1999-05 42.4 52.2 59.1 67
1981-86 96.3 133.6 122.8 159
1987-92 54.0 77.8 96.3 127
1993-98 99.9 88.8 125.8 123
1999-05 65.3 70.9 88.6 91
Madhya Pradesh 1981-86 119.7 103.9 184.0 150.4
1987-92 96.2 102.6 156.8 149
1993-98 91.8 92.3 139.8 129
1999-05 77.0 70.6 105.9 91
1981-86 149.4 131.2 213.3 170.
1987-92 109.3 108.2 159.8 140.
1993-98 96.3 92.9 145.5 116
1999-05 76.9 69.6 110.8 85
State Period Infant mortality rate
Sex of Child Sex of
Female Male Female
Orissa 1981-86 128.8 136.9 145.5
1987-92 90.3 112.1 118.6
1993-98 86.3 92.6 111.0
1999-05 58.0 66.6 85.6 West Bengal 1981-86 74.4 101.2 110.2
1987-92 68.5 70.3 95.9
1993-98 51.5 61.4 71.9
1999-05 35.4 58.8 49.8
Arunachal Pradesh 1981-86 (58.1) (63.2) 91.0
1987-92 41.8 46.1 74.4
1993-98 59 3 64 4 88 2
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1993-98 59.3 64.4 88.2
1999-05 52.9 85.3 80.2
Assam 1981-86 82.8 103.7 135.6 1987-92 64.9 81.4 99.4
1993-98 64.3 75.0 90.4
1999-05 65.2 65.9 85.6
Manipur 1981-86 25.4 46.8 48.1
1987-92 43.0 46.1 59.3
1993-98 31.5 46.2 49.5
1999-05 30.7 34.2 40.6
Meghalaya 1981-86 23.1 34.9 40.9
1987-92 54.7 76.1 81.3
1993-98 57.4 79.5 84.7
1999-05 24.5 56.1 45.5
Mizoram 1981-86 25.4 (14.1) 30.1
1987-92 16.1 15.3 44.0
1993-98 31.9 42.8 48.2
1999-05 31.9 23.0 50.1
Nagaland 1981-86 10.7 1.9 10.7
1987-92 12.5 50.2 35.5
1993-98 49.0 54.8 72.0
1999-05 35.7 49.1 59.2
Sikkim 1981-86 * * *
1987-92 * * *
1993-98 36.4 46.4 48.7
1999-05 28.1 30.1 37.7
Tripura 1981-86 89.5 109.0 122.7
1987-92 76.9 77.8 80.7
1993-98 (65.2) (63.7) 85.7
1999-05 34.8 61.1 44.6
Goa 1981-86 35.2 45.7 44.5
1987-92 28.3 38.2 46.7
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
State Period Infant mortality rate
Sex of Child Sex of Child
Female Male Female M
Maharashtra 1981-86 54.2 64.6 82.2 82.4
1987-92 51.1 60.4 70.8 80
1993-98 46.9 48.8 59.9 57
1999-05 38.2 43.4 47.9 51Andhra Pradesh 1981-86 74.0 86.1 103.5 110.3
1987-92 71.6 73.3 92.0 91
1993-98 59.9 79.1 82.9 91
1999-05 53.6 62.4 64.8 69
Karnataka 1981-86 81.3 82.6 116.9 115.3
1987-92 61.5 78.5 88.9 100
1993-98 48.6 58.4 66.1 74
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993 98 8.6 58. 66.
1999-05 41.9 47.1 54.7 59
Kerala 1981-86 28.8 46.7 42.0 561987-92 28.2 26.4 35.5 34
1993-98 12.9 19.0 16.2 23
1999-05 13.0 19.4 14.5 19
Tamil Nadu 1981-86 60.9 79.0 98.5 112.7
1987-92 57.9 68.4 73.2 84
1993-98 53.0 48.7 66.4 61
1999-05 36.3 28.9 45.2 32
States WHO Gini
Index*1000 Rank Index*1000 Rank
Delhi 0.314 11 12.2 9
Haryana 0.260 10 14.7 12
Himachal Pradesh 0.063 2 8.4 2
Jammu & Kashmir 0.150 5 9.3 4
Punjab 0.152 6 8.7 3
Rajasthan 0.733 16 14.1 11
Madhya Pradesh* 0.850 18 20.7 17
0.766 17 22.3 18
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Bihar* 0.441 14 16.1 15
Orissa 0.494 15 18.0 16West Bengal 0.194 7 11.8 8
Assam 0.342 12 15.3 13
Gujarat 0.417 13 15.4 14
Maharashtra 0.226 8 10.4 5
Andhra Pradesh 0.144 4 11.0 6
Karnataka 0.238 9 12.4 10
Kerala 0.062 1 5.5 1
Tamil Nadu 0.117 3 11.4 7
States WHO Gini
Index*1000 Rank Index*1000 Rank Index*1000
Delhi 0.249 7 9.9 7 43.6
Haryana 0.300 8 12.1 12 49.5
Himachal Pradesh 0.038 2 7.0 3 26.7
Jammu & Kashmir 0.204 6 9.3 5 40.3
Punjab 0.475 14 11.1 10 52.4
Rajasthan 0.318 11 14.8 15 54.1
Madhya Pradesh* 0.373 12 17.6 18 60.4
0.789 17 17.5 17 68.8
Bihar* 0.812 18 13.5 14 64.1
Orissa 0.573 16 15.2 16 61.5
West Bengal 0 094 4 9 9 6 36 3
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
States WHO Gini
Index*1000 Rank 1 Rank 2 Index*1000 Rank 1 Rank 2 Index*1000 Rank 1
Delhi 0.079 5 5 8.0 7 7 32.4 6
Haryana 0.065 3 3 6.3 2 2 28.1 3Himachal Pradesh 0.165 10 10 6.3 3 3 33.1 7
Jammu & Kashmir 0.043 2 2 7.7 6 6 28.6 4
Punjab 0.247 11 11 8.0 8 8 38.9 11
Rajasthan 0.630 17 19 15.7 16 18 63.9 17
Madhya Pradesh 0.632 18 --- 16.0 17 --- 64.1 18
Madhya Pradesh 0.853 --- 20 17.8 --- 20 71.1 ---
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0.404 --- 16 14.0 --- 15 55.8 ---
0.398 15 --- 14.9 15 --- 57.2 15
0.332 --- 14 14.9 --- 17 55.1 ---
Bihar+Jharkhand 0.315 13 --- 12.3 13 --- 49.7 13
Bihar 0.286 --- 12 12.0 --- 13 48.4 ---
Jharkhand 0.454 --- 17 14.2 --- 16 57.1 ---
Orissa 0.308 12 13 16.5 18 19 57.4 16
West Bengal 0.149 7 7 8.9 11 11 38.0 10
Assam 0.338 14 15 11.5 12 12 49.3 12
Gujarat 0.069 4 4 8.2 9 9 31.6 5Maharashtra 0.150 8 8 7.1 4 4 33.6 8
Andhra Pradesh 0.541 16 18 12.3 14 14 56.0 14
Karnataka 0.114 6 6 8.2 10 10 34.1 9
Kerala 0.155 9 9 2.0 1 1 25.7 1
Tamil Nadu 0.029 1 1 7.2 5 5 25.8 2
Rank 1: Ranking of the states according to the 1998 state boundaryRank 2: Ranking of the states according to the recent state boundary
Unadjusted Adjusted
Age of Mother at Birth of the Child
Less than 20 years 20-24 years 35 years and above Less than 20 years 20-24 years 3
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 N
RJ RJ RJ PJ --- PJ HP --- --- RJ RJb JH --- JH --- JK JK --- PJ --- BH BH
--- UT UT --- CH CHb --- AP --- AP AP
--- WB WB RJ --- --- --- KE --- OR OR
MH --- --- UT --- --- --- --- HR HP ---
--- CH --- WB --- --- --- --- JK JH ---
--- AP --- MH --- --- --- --- UTc --- HR
--- --- JK KA --- --- --- --- MP --- JK
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--- --- MP --- AP --- --- --- WB --- UT
--- --- KA --- TN --- --- --- AS --- WB
--- --- KE --- --- HRc --- --- TN --- AS
--- --- TN --- --- GJ GJ ---
MH ---
--- CH
--- UP
--- ---
--- ---
--- --- --- ---
--- ---
Unadjusted Adjusted
Age of Mother at Birth of the Child
Less than 20 years 20-24 years 35 years and above Less than 20 years 20-24 years 3
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 N
MH MH --- HP HP HP JH JH --- MH MH --- HPc HP
OR --- --- DL DL --- AS AS --- JK --- JK DL DL
--- HR --- MH MHb --- PJ --- PJ HP --- --- RJ RJ
--- KA --- UT --- UT OR --- OR CH --- --- AS AS
--- KE --- AP --- AP GJ --- GJ OR --- --- MHc MHb
--- --- PJ --- JK JK TN --- TN --- HR --- PJ ---
--- BH BH --- HP HP --- UT --- --- JK
--- GJc GJ --- MH MH --- WB --- --- GJ
--- KA KA --- KA KA --- KA --- --- KA
RJ --- --- MP --- --- --- KE --- UT ---
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
Unadjusted Adjusted
Age of Mother at Birth of the Child
Less than 20 years 20-24 years 35 years and above Less than 20 years 20-24 years 35 year
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
RJ RJ --- DL DL DL RJ --- --- RJ RJ RJ RJ --- DLUP UP --- HR HR HR UP --- --- UP UP UP UP --- RJ
HR --- HR RJ RJ RJ JH --- --- GJ GJ GJ GJ --- PJ
PJ --- PJ AS AS AS AS --- --- PJ --- PJ --- PJ CH
WB --- --- UPc UP --- --- BH --- APc --- APc --- AP JH
GJ --- --- JH JH --- --- OR --- MH --- MH --- --- GJ
AP --- --- GJ GJ --- --- AP --- --- CH --- CH --- APc
--- CH --- APb AP --- --- --- HR --- JH --- JH --- AS
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--- BH --- JK --- JK --- KE --- KE --- UP
--- JH --- PJ --- --- --- --- --- --- HP MH
--- --- JK CH --- --- --- --- --- --- JK KA
--- --- AS MH --- --- --- --- --- --- WB KE
KA --- ---
--- UT ---
--- WB ---
--- --- HP
--- --- MP
--- --- TN
Unadjusted Adjusted
Age of Mother at Birth of the Child
Less than 20 years 20-24 years 35 years and above Less than 20 years 20-24 years 35 years
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
WB WB WB JK JK JKc RJ --- RJ JK JK JK JK JK JKUP UP --- UT UTb UT BH --- BHc JH JH --- WB WB WB
GJ GJ --- WB WB WB AS --- AS GJ --- GJ HP HP ---
HP --- HP KE KE KE MH --- MH --- DL DL JH JHc ---
--- JK JK HR HR --- --- AP AP --- HR HR AS AS ---
--- JH JH HP HP --- CH --- --- --- AP AP OR --- OR
--- AP AP AS AS --- --- UT --- CH --- --- --- DL DL
CH --- --- PJ --- PJ --- UP --- MP --- --- --- UTb UT
MP --- --- UPb --- UP --- OR --- WB --- --- --- GJ GJ
BH --- --- ORc --- OR --- --- MP --- UT --- --- AP AP
--- HR --- -- DL DL --- --- JH --- KA --- HR --- ---
--- UT --- --- JH JH --- --- WB --- --- MH PJ --- ---
Unadjusted Adjusted
Birth Order of the Child
First Four or more First Four or m
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NF
DL --- --- OR OR --- KE --- --- DL --- --- JH GJ GJ --- HR
HR --- HRc UT
HP --- HP BH
CH --- CH AS
BH --- BH OR
AS --- AS GJ
UT --- --- HP
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--- JK --- CH
--- MP --- --- M
--- KE --- JH
--- --- PJ ---
--- --- JH ---
--- --- MH ---
--- --- AP ---
---
---
---
---
Unadjusted Adjusted
Birth Order of the Child
First Four or more First Four or m
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NF
JK JK JK --- UT UT GJ --- --- HP
GJ GJ GJ --- CH CH TN --- --- CH
KA KAc KA --- JH JH --- DL --- ---
TN TN TN HP --- --- --- HP --- ---
AS ASc --- JK --- --- --- AS --- JK
HP --- HP AS --- --- --- --- UT BH
JH --- JH KA --- --- --- --- JH AS
MH --- MH KE --- --- KA
--- DL DL TN --- --- KEb
--- PJ PJ --- RJc --- TN
--- UT UT --- WB --- --- R
HR GJ W
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
Unadjusted Adjusted
Birth Order of the Child
First Four or more First Four or more
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
HRc HR HRc --- OR OR HRc HR HR CH CH MP MP MPb RJ --- --- BHc BH BH AP AP
UP UP UP MH --- --- JH JH JH GJ ---
BHc BH BHb --- HP --- KA KA KA --- HP
JH JH JH --- JK --- HP HP --- RJ ---
WB WB WB --- PJ --- JK JKb --- MH ---
GJ GJ GJ --- AP --- PJ PJ --- --- DL
AP APb AP --- --- CH WB WB --- --- PJ
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KA KA KA --- --- MP TN TN --- --- ---
PJc PJ --- --- --- BH RJ --- RJ --- ---
TN TN --- --- --- JH MP --- MPb --- ---
RJc --- RJ --- --- GJ --- DL DL --- ---
MH --- MH --- OR OR --- ---
--- DL DL --- UP ---
--- ORc ORc --- APc ---
--- HP --- --- --- UT
--- JKb ---
--- CH ---
--- --- AS
--- --- KE
Unadjusted Adjusted
Birth Order of the Child
First Four or more First Four or m
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NF
HP HPb HP RJ RJ --- HP HP HP DL PJ PJ PJb JH JH --- MP MPb MP JH J
RJb RJc RJ DL --- --- UP UPb UP CH
CH CH CH HP --- --- JH JH JH HP
MPb MPa MP PJ --- --- MH MH MH PJ --
UPc UPa UP --- TN --- AP AP AP MP -
JHb JH JH --- --- UT KA KA KA ---
ASc AS AS --- --- CHc TN TN TNb ---
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MH MH MH --- --- BH OR OR --- --- K
AP AP APb AS AS --- ---
KA KA KA PJ --- PJb ---
OR ORb --- UT --- UTb ---
GJ GJb --- --- JK JK
UT --- UTc DL --- ---
WB --- WBb RJc --- ---
--- JK JK --- HR ---
--- BH BH --- CH ---
--- TNc TNb --- GJ ---
DL --- --- --- --- BH
--- HR --- --- --- WBc
--- --- KE --- --- KE
Unadjusted Adjusted
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
--- HR --- RJ --- ---
--- PJ --- MP --- ---
--- AP --- --- HR ---
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
Unadjusted Adjusted
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
JH JH JH WB WB WB
AS AS AS AS AS AS
HP HP --- HP HP ---
MH MH --- JK JK ---
APb AP --- MH MH ---
OR --- OR APb AP ---
KE --- KE OR --- OR
--- WB WB KE --- KE
--- TN TN --- JH JH
JK TN TN
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JK --- --- --- TN TN
KA --- --- KA --- ------ --- CHc --- UT ---
--- --- PJ
--- --- CHb
Unadjusted Adjusted
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
KE KE ---
MH --- --- JH --- ---
AP --- --- MH --- ---
--- KE --- AP --- ---
--- --- CH --- DL ---
--- --- TN --- --- CH
--- --- TN
Unadjusted Adjusted
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
HP HP HP HP HP HP
CH CH CH CH CH CH
JH JH --- JH JH ---
TN --- TN --- AS AS
--- AS AS OR --- ---
OR --- --- KA --- ---
Unadjusted Adjusted
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more births andat least one dead
One or more birthsand all alive
One or moreat least on
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFH
HP --- --- KEa --- --- KE --- --- --- -
KE --- ---
--- CH ---
--- --- DL
--- --- PJ
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Unadjusted Adjusted
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more births andat least one dead
One or more birthsand all alive
One or moreat least on
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFH
GJ --- --- TN --- --- GJb --- --- TN --
--- CH --- --- MH --- --- --
--- MH --- --- KE ---
Unadjusted Adjusted
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more births andat least one dead
One or more birthsand all alive
One or moreat least on
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFH
--- TN --- --- TN --- --- DL --- --- G
--- --- UT --- PJ --- --- H
--- --- GJ --- JH --- --- J
--- AS --- --- T
--- TN --- --- -
Unadjusted Adjusted
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more births andat least one dead
One or more birthsand all alive
One or moreat least on
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHDL --- --- --- JK --- KA --- KA --- M
HP --- --- --- AP --- DL --- --- UP --
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
Unadjusted Adjusted
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more births andat least one dead
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more births at least one dead
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
HR HRa HRc --- UT UT MH MH MH PJ ---
HPb HPb HPb PJ --- --- RJ RJ --- TN ---
JK JK JKa --- CH --- KE KE --- --- UT
PJ PJa PJa --- --- HP TN TN ---
RJa RJa RJa --- --- OR UT --- UT
UTb UTc UTb --- PJb PJ
CHa CHb CHa --- GJb GJ
MPb MPa MPa HP --- ---
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UPa UPa UPa --- HR ---
BHb BHa BHb --- JH ---
JHa JHa JH --- AS ---
ORa ORa ORa --- --- JK
WBb WB WBb --- --- CH
ASb ASc ASb --- --- AP
GJb GJa GJa
MHa MHb MHa
APb APc APa
KAb KAa KAb
KE KE KE
TNb TN TNb
--- DL DL
Unadjusted Adjusted
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more births andat least one dead
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more births at least one dead
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
HR HR HR AP AP --- HP HPc --- AP AP
CH CH CH JK --- --- MH MH --- JK ---
MPc MPb MP KEa --- --- --- JK JK TN ---
UP UP UPc TN --- --- HR --- --- --- HP
WB WB WB --- CH --- KA --- --- --- UT
MH MH MH --- WB --- --- UT --- --- CH
HP HPb --- --- --- JH --- BH --- --- ---
DL --- DL --- AS ---
OR --- OR --- GJ ---
Unadjusted Adjusted
Birth Pregnant Birth Pregnant
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS
HPb --- --- --- HP --- --- PJ --- --- HP
--- --- CH --- PJ --- --- --- WB --- PJ
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Unadjusted Adjusted
One or more birthsand all alive
One or more birthsand none alive
Pregnant One or more birthsand all alive
One or more birand none aliv
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 N
HP HP --- HP --- --- --- PJ
JK --- --- JK --- --- --- AP
PJ --- --- PJc --- ---
--- AS --- --- AS --- ---
--- KE --- --- --- UT
--- --- ---
Unadjusted Adjusted
RR1 RR
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AP RJc PJ GJ GJ
--- --- KE UT --- --- WBb --- --- --- MH ---
GJ --- --- --- DL --- --- TN ---
--- PJa --- --- MPc --- --- --- HP
--- --- JH --- OR --- --- --- RJ
--- --- KA --- KA --- --- --- AP
--- --- TN --- --- RJ --- --- KE
Unadjusted Adjusted
RR1 RR
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--- JH ---
--- --- DL
--- --- RJ
--- --- MP
Unadjusted Adjusted
< 8 years 8 or more years < 8 years 8 or more yea
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFH
HP HP HP HR --- --- RJc RJ RJ HR -HR HR --- --- HP --- KE KE --- PJ
KE KE --- --- AS --- JK --- JK KE
JK --- JK --- --- RJ --- HP HP --- H
RJc --- RJ DL --- --- --- C
PJ --- --- PJ --- --- --- A
CH --- --- TN --- --- --- M
TN --- --- --- HR --- --- A
--- MH --- --- JH --- --- --
--- --- OR --- MH --- --- --
--- --- BH
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
Unadjusted Adjusted
< 8 years 8 or more years < 8 years 8 or more years
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
DL --- --- GJ GJ --- MP ---
HR --- --- HR --- --- WB ---
JK --- --- JK --- --- KA ---
CH --- --- CH --- --- --- ---
UP --- --- UP --- ---
KA --- --- MH --- ---
--- UT --- KA --- ---
--- --- AP --- KE ---
--- --- PJ
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--- --- AP
Unadjusted Adjusted
< 8 years 8 or more years < 8 years 8 or more years
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
--- JK JK --- JK JK WB WB ---
--- DL --- --- AP AP JK --- ---
--- PJ --- RJ --- --- --- UT ---
--- --- HP AS --- --- --- AP ------ --- JH --- DL --- --- --- OR
--- PJ ---
--- UT ---
--- KA ---
--- --- HP
--- --- JH
--- --- WB
--- --- GJ
--- --- TN
Unadjusted Adjusted
< 8 years 8 or more years < 8 years 8 or more yea
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFH
--- CH --- BH --- BH AP -
AP --- AP TN -
MP --- --- --- H
GJ --- ---
--- HR ---
--- PJ ---
--- UT ---
--- CH ---
--- JH ---
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--- MH ------ --- JK
SLI
SLI
Unadjusted Adjusted
Middle High Middle High
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFH
JK JK --- HR --- --- MP MP MP HR -
HR --- --- --- HP --- JK JK --- BH -
MP --- --- --- --- RJ WB WB --- --- HPTN --- --- --- OR OR --- K
--- DL --- HR --- --- --- T
--- CH --- BH --- --- --- -
--- OR --- TN --- --- --- --
--- --- HP --- DL --- --- -
--- --- RJ --- CH --- --- -
--- --- RJ
--- --- MH
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
SLI
SLI
Unadjusted Adjusted
Middle High Middle High
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
UT UT --- DL --- --- UT UT --- --- JH
CH --- CH KA KA --- DL ---
--- PJ PJ JK --- JK JK ---
DL --- --- CH --- CH BH ---
HR --- --- --- HP HP --- CH
JK --- --- --- PJ PJ --- KA
KE --- --- DL --- --- --- KE
--- HP --- HR --- --- --- ---
--- --- JH GJ --- --- --- ---
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MH --- ---AP --- ---
KE --- ---
--- --- MP
--- --- JH
SLI
SLI Unadjusted Adjusted
Middle High Middle High
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
JK --- --- --- --- HR TN --- --- TN ---
TN --- --- --- --- CH --- HP --- --- HP
--- HP --- --- --- DL --- ---
--- --- DL --- --- HR --- ---
--- --- HR --- --- RJ --- ---
--- --- CH --- --- CH --- ---
--- --- JH --- --- JH
SLI
SLI
Unadjusted Adjusted
Middle High Middle High
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
JK --- --- HR --- --- --- WB ---
RJ RJ AS
Unadjusted Adjusted
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
DL --- --- JK JKc ---
--- HP --- AS --- AS
--- JK --- GJ --- GJ
--- UT --- --- HP HP
--- OR --- --- KA KA
PJ --- ---
RJ --- ---
MP --- ---
--- HR ---
--- UT ---
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--- CH ---
--- JH ---
--- OR ---
--- --- AP
Unadjusted Adjusted
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
TN --- TN HP HP ---
DL --- --- BH BH ---
PJ --- --- HR --- HRc
--- HP --- AP --- AP
--- --- WB TNb --- TN
--- WB WB
--- MH MH
PJ --- ---
RJ --- ---
MP --- ---
UP --- ---
JH --- ---
KA --- ---
KE --- ---
--- --- UT
--- --- OR
AS
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
Unadjusted Adjusted
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
--- OR OR PJ PJ PJ
DL --- --- OR OR OR
PJ --- --- HR HR ---
UT --- --- UT UT ---
ASc --- --- CH CH ---
MH --- --- MHb --- MH
--- HP --- MP --- ---
--- --- KE WB --- ---
ASb --- ---
GJ --- ---
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AP --- ---
--- HP ---
--- JH ---
--- TN ---
--- --- KE
Unadjusted Adjusted
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1
KE KE --- PJ PJ PJ
JK --- --- MH MH MH
--- UT --- JKb --- JK
--- --- DL BH --- BH--- UTb UT
--- OR OR
--- GJb GJb
JH --- ---
--- HP ---
--- KE ---
--- --- HR
--- --- AS
--- --- TN
Unadjusted Adjusted
99- 05 93-98 87-92 99- 05 93-98 87
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
HP --- --- --- TN
KE --- --- GJ ---
--- DL --- KA ---
--- JK --- KE ---
--- CH --- --- DL
--- AS --- --- HR
--- --- JH --- JK
--- --- MH --- CH
--- --- TN --- OR
AS
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--- AS --- ---
--- ---
--- ---
--- ---
Unadjusted Adjusted
99- 05 93-98 87-92 99- 05 93-98 87
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2
PJ PJ --- PJ PJ
--- GJ GJ --- AS
--- BH --- --- GJ
--- AS --- --- JK
--- --- DL --- BH
--- --- RJ --- AP
--- ---
--- ---
--- ---
* 0-7 years in case of NFHS3
Infant and Child Mortality in India: Levels, Trends and Determinants
Unadjusted Adjusted
99- 05 93-98 87-92 99- 05 93-98 87-92
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFH
--- CH CH DL DL D
PJ --- --- CH CH CH
--- HP --- HR HR --
--- UTb --- OR --- OR
--- JH --- --- KE K
--- AS --- PJ --- --
--- KE --- --- HP --
--- --- DL --- UT --
--- --- RJ --- JH --
--- --- MP --- AS ---
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--- --- MP --- AS ------ --- OR --- --- MP
--- --- GJb --- --- GJ
* 0-7 years in case of NFHS3
Unadjusted Adjusted
99- 05 93-98 87-92 99- 05 93-98 87-92
NFHS3 NFHS2 NFHS1 NFHS3 NFHS2 NFH
MH --- MH UT --- ---
--- TN TN OR --- --
UT --- --- MH --- ---
OR --- --- --- JK --
--- PJ --- --- PJ ---
--- MP --- --- AP ---
--- AP --- --- TN ---
--- --- DL --- --- D
--- --- JH --- --- JH
* 0-7 years in case of NFHS3
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