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Roots of DemocracyRoots of Democracy
10.110.1
Students relate the moral and ethical principles Students relate the moral and ethical principles in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, in in ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, in Judaism, and in Christianity to the development Judaism, and in Christianity to the development of Western political thought. of Western political thought.
Analyze the similarities and differences in Analyze the similarities and differences in Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, Judeo-Christian and Greco-Roman views of law, reason and faith, and duties of the individual. reason and faith, and duties of the individual.
Trace the development of the Western political Trace the development of the Western political ideas of the rule of law and illegitimacy of ideas of the rule of law and illegitimacy of tyranny, using selections from Plato's Republic tyranny, using selections from Plato's Republic and Aristotle's Politics. and Aristotle's Politics.
Consider the influence of the U.S. Constitution Consider the influence of the U.S. Constitution on political systems in the contemporary world. on political systems in the contemporary world.
Ancient Athens, GreeceAncient Athens, Greece
Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy
Duties of CitizensDuties of Citizens
LegislatureLegislature
JuryJury
Rule of Law & ReasonRule of Law & Reason
Direct DemocracyDirect Democracy
Democracy = Rule by the Democracy = Rule by the peoplepeople
Direct Democracy = Vote Direct Democracy = Vote for/against laws not for/against laws not through representatives through representatives
Citizens make political Citizens make political decisionsdecisions
Duties of Citizens (individuals)Duties of Citizens (individuals)
Citizens = Male, 18+, Citizens = Male, 18+, citizen parentscitizen parents
Participate in juries, Participate in juries, legislature, and law legislature, and law proposalsproposals
Use ReasonUse Reason
LegislatureLegislature
Solon – Council of 400Solon – Council of 400
Cleisthenes – Council of 500 Cleisthenes – Council of 500
Pericles – Assembly: Any citizen Pericles – Assembly: Any citizen could attendcould attend
JuryJury
Most important duty of a citizenMost important duty of a citizen
201-2500 citizen men201-2500 citizen men
Randomly selectedRandomly selected
Decided guilty or innocent and Decided guilty or innocent and punishmentpunishment
Banish a leader to prevent too much Banish a leader to prevent too much powerpower
Rule of Law and ReasonRule of Law and Reason
Universe created in an orderly wayUniverse created in an orderly way
Universe functions through Universe functions through unchanging lawsunchanging laws
Man can understand the universe Man can understand the universe and its laws through reason and logicand its laws through reason and logic
Foundation for DEMOCRACYFoundation for DEMOCRACY
Video on Greeks
PhilosophyPhilosophy
Love of WisdomObservation and Reasoning
Ethics and Morality
Socrates
Socratic Method
Plato
Aristotle
Science & Logic
SocratesSocrates
““What is the greater good?”What is the greater good?”
““The unexamined life is not worth The unexamined life is not worth living”living”– Important to examine laws, social Important to examine laws, social
customs, and religious values.customs, and religious values.– Socratic MethodSocratic Method
Loyal to Athens & democracyLoyal to Athens & democracy
Tried and convicted for corrupting Tried and convicted for corrupting city youth & not respecting the godscity youth & not respecting the gods
Death by hemlock (poison) Death by hemlock (poison)
Funny PhilosophersFunny Philosophers
– Steve Martin as Socrates
PlatoPlato
Student of SocratesStudent of Socrates
The AcademyThe Academy
Rational ThoughtRational Thought
Equality at birthEquality at birth
3 classes: workers, soldiers and 3 classes: workers, soldiers and philosopher rulersphilosopher rulers
High regulation serves citizens’ best High regulation serves citizens’ best interestsinterests
AristotleAristotle
Student of PlatoStudent of Plato
Rule of lawRule of law
Government of manyGovernment of many
Despised tyranny – stood above Despised tyranny – stood above the lawthe law
““Golden Mean”Golden Mean”
Lyceum taught all subjectsLyceum taught all subjects
Ancient Roman RepublicAncient Roman Republic
Preserved and added to the Greek Preserved and added to the Greek
ideas of Democratic governmentideas of Democratic government
Republic Republic
Checks on PowerChecks on Power
Written Codes of LawsWritten Codes of Laws
Ancient Ancient Roman Roman
RepublicRepublic
RepublicRepublic
Representative GovernmentRepresentative Government = = citizens elect leaders to make citizens elect leaders to make governmental decisionsgovernmental decisions
Indirect DemocracyIndirect Democracy
Checks on PowerChecks on Power
SenateSenate – Patricians – Patricians
2 Assemblies – Other classes 2 Assemblies – Other classes
VetoVeto
Dictator – appointed in crisis to have Dictator – appointed in crisis to have absolute power.absolute power.
Written Code of LawsWritten Code of Laws““A government of A government of
Laws, not men”Laws, not men”12 tables (tablets)12 tables (tablets)– Commoners demand laws be written downCommoners demand laws be written down– Everyone will have equal access to lawsEveryone will have equal access to laws
Innocent until proven guiltyInnocent until proven guiltyBurden of proof on the accuserBurden of proof on the accuserUnreasonable laws could be set Unreasonable laws could be set asideaside
JudaismJudaism
One GodOne God
Obedient to GodObedient to God
God will protect and God will protect and provide a homelandprovide a homeland
ScripturesScriptures
Torah = “Instructions”Torah = “Instructions”
Laws through stories and Laws through stories and historyhistory
Strict moral standardStrict moral standard
ContributionsContributions
Laws enforced by courtsLaws enforced by courts
Rulers not above the lawRulers not above the law
Support rule of lawSupport rule of law
Individual responsible for Individual responsible for moral conductmoral conduct
Faith and obedience to Faith and obedience to GodGod
ChristianityChristianity
One GodOne God
Justice, morality & service to othersJustice, morality & service to others
Equality & DignityEquality & Dignity
ContributionsContributions
Foundation of Western cultureFoundation of Western culture– LawsLaws– Social StructureSocial Structure– Individual worthIndividual worth– Social servicesSocial services– Free will = respect for choiceFree will = respect for choice
Roots of DemocracyRoots of DemocracyGreekGreek RomanRoman JudaismJudaism ChristianityChristianity
Direct Direct
DemocracyDemocracyDuty of Duty of
Citizens to Citizens to participate in participate in governmentgovernment
LegislatureLegislature
JuryJury
Rule of Rule of
Law and Law and
ReasonReason
RepublicRepublic
VetoVeto
Checks on Checks on
PowerPower
Written Written
Code of Code of
LawsLaws
Basic Basic
Moral LawMoral LawIndividual Individual
responsibilityresponsibility
Individual Individual
WorthWorth
Morally Morally
Just Just
CommunityCommunity
EqualityEquality
Human Human
DignityDignity
Service to Service to
othersothers
Moral and Moral and
Ethical Ethical
BehaviorBehavior
JusticeJustice
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